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    TISSUES

    Uploaded by

    Anshuman Sahoo

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    TISSUES

    Uploaded by

    Anshuman Sahoo
    2 views22 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    2 views22 pages

    TISSUES

    Uploaded by

    Anshuman Sahoo

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    TISSUES

    What is Tissue
    • A tissue, in biology, is defined as a
    group of cells that possess a
    similar structure and perform a
    specific function.
    • The word tissue originates from
    French, which means “to weave.”
    TISSUES TYPES
    In Animals
    In animals, there are 4 types of tissues,
    namely:
    • Muscle tissue (cardiac, skeletal and smooth
    muscle tissues).

    • Connective tissue (cartilage, blood, bone).

    • Nervous tissue (neurons).

    • Epithelial tissue (simple epithelium, simple


    cuboidal, simple columnar epithelium, etc).
    Functions of plant tissues
    • Help provide mechanical strength
    to organs.

    • They help in providing the elasticity


    and flexibility to the organs.

    • They help the tissues to bend easily


    in various parts of a plant like- leaf,
    stem, and branches without
    damaging the plant
    Functions of plant tissues
    • The xylem and phloem tissues help
    in transportation of material
    throughout the plants.

    • They divide to produce new cells


    and help in the growth of the plants.

    • They help in various cellular


    metabolisms like photosynthesis,
    regeneration, respiration, etc.
    Meristematic tissue

    • They assist in the major growth of the


    vegetation.
    • Growth in length and growth in diameter of
    the plant is carried about by these cells.
    • The Meristematic cells are cubical, living
    cells with a big nucleus.
    • These cells are meticulously crammed with
    no intercellular spaces.
    • Depending on the section where the
    meristematic tissues are existing, they are
    categorized as intercalary, lateral and
    apical meristems.
    Types of Meristematic tissue

    • Apical meristem is existent at the growing tips or


    apical of stems and roots. Apical meristem
    upsurges the length of the plant.
    • Lateral meristem is existent in the radial portion
    of the stem or root. Lateral meristem upsurges
    the thickness of the plant.
    • Intercalary meristem is found at the internodes
    or at the base of the leaves. Intercalary meristem
    upsurges the size of the internode.
    Permanent tissues

    • These cells have lost their ability


    to distribute but are specialised
    to offer elasticity, flexibility and
    strength to the plant.

    • These tissues can be additionally


    categorised into:
    Simple Permanent Tissue:
    • They can be classified into
    sclerenchyma, collenchyma and
    parenchyma based on their
    purpose.
    • Parenchyma– These tissues are found in the soft
    parts of a plant such as the roots, stems, leaves,
    and flowers.
    • The cells of this tissue are loosely packed and
    contain large intercellular spaces between them.
    • Each cell has a vacuole at the center. The
    functions of parenchyma tissues are
    storage, photosynthesis, and to help the plant
    float on water.
    • Collenchyma- Are similar to parenchyma cells
    with thicker cell walls. They are meant to
    provide mechanical support to the plant
    structure in parts such as petiole of the leaf.
    • Sclerenchyma- The cells of this tissue are
    dead. They are rigid, contain thick and
    lignified secondary walls. Their main function
    is to provide strength and support to parts of
    the plant.
    Complex Permanent Tissue

    • These tissues include ---


    Phloem
    and
    Xylem.
    Xylem
    • It helps in the transport of dissolved
    substances and water all through
    the plant.
    • The diverse components of the
    xylem include vessels, tracheids,
    xylem fibres and xylem parenchyma.
    • Xylem fibres and Tracheids are
    made up of lignin, which provides
    structural support to the plant.
    Phloem
    • This tissue helps in the
    transportation of food all through
    the plant.
    • The diverse elements of phloem
    include phloem fibres, sieve
    tubes, phloem parenchyma and
    companion cells.

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