fin_irjmets1712286987

e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:06/Issue:04/April-2024 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON SUGARCANE BAGASSE AS A SUSTAINABLE
ALTERNATIVE FOR ECO- FRIENDLY PAPER PRODUCTION
Bhavik Fumakiya*1, Sandhya R. Verma*2, Hiteshkumar A. Solanki*3
*1PG Student, Department Of Botany, Bioinformatics And Climate Change Impact Management,
Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
*2Ph.D Scholar, Department Of Botany, Bioinformatics And Climate Change Impact Management,
Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
*3Professor, Department Of Botany, Bioinformatics And Climate Change Impact Management, Gujarat
University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
ABSTRACT
Commercial paper production, especially when sourced from unsustainable forestry practices, can have
significant environmental impacts, including deforestation, habitat destruction, and loss of biodiversity. The
utilization of agricultural residues as raw materials for sustainable industrial processes has gained significant
attention due to its potential to mitigate environmental impacts and promote circular economy principles.
Sugarcane bagasse, a byproduct of sugar production, represents a promising resource for eco-friendly paper
production. This review explores the feasibility and benefits of utilizing sugarcane bagasse for paper
manufacturing with special reference to its cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content, which are crucial for
papermaking. Various pulping and bleaching techniques optimized for sugarcane bagasse are discussed in this
review, emphasizing their efficiency in producing high-quality paper while minimizing environmental footprint.
The production of bagasse paper typically requires less energy and water compared to commercial paper. In
conclusion, the utilization of sugarcane bagasse as a raw material for paper production offers a sustainable
solution to meet the growing global demand for paper products while reducing environmental degradation.
This review underscores the importance of adopting eco-friendly practices in the paper industry and provides
insights into the potential of sugarcane bagasse as a renewable resource for sustainable paper production.
Keywords: Paper Production, Pulping, Sugarcane Bagasse, Eco-Friendly.
I. INTRODUCTION
Paper may be a consumable that's utilized nearly all over in everyday life, and it is additionally a middle great
utilized within the fields of printing, bundling and wellbeing. Particularly with the spread of e-commerce,
propels within the logic industry and expanding environmental awareness, the significance of paper within the
packaging industry has steadily expanded. Tending to the production process of paper, it is seen that it is
delivered totally different textures and substance according to the put of utilize and highlight the essential
structure of paper generation is wood-based, agrarian product-based and wastepaper-based generation
separation. Due to the contrasts in generation strategies, the generation quality and content of paper too alter.
These contrasts have driven to the birth of numerous sorts in terms of the colour, thickness, weight,
smoothness, etc. of the paper. These contrasts have driven to generation agreeing to the utilization region and
reason of the paper to be utilized instead of a product diversification logic. For illustration, the paper utilized
within the note pad and the generation of tissue paper, wrapping paper and indeed banknote cash paper are
diverse from each other (Aytaç & Korkmaz, 2022). It has been documented that the majority of new green or
brown field projects are in the packaging grade sector, and most of them has their primary focus on recycled
fiber; thus, the total share of RCF paper-based mills is growing exponentially. Refractory Ceramic Fiber (RCF)
Paper is produced from Alumina- Silicate fibres with the minimum addition of carefully selected bonds, which
burn out cleanly in service. RCF paper has low shrinkage, good handling strength, and low thermal conductivity
(Andritz, 2015). In creating nations with rare woodland assets, non woody biomass gives a compelling elective
to bringing in wood paper or cellulosic mash. In these nations, there may be huge range committed to
nourishment crops which would give significant sums of rural build ups and Agro food business. Non woody
biomass increments the included esteem of agri-food crops by taking advantage of their build-ups (customarily
www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

[446]
e-ISSN: 2582-5208
utilised for burning or agrarian alternations) to get an item in incredible request such as paper (Eugenio et al.,
2019; Moore, 1996).
Papermaking has customarily been followed to China when Cai Lun, an official connected to the Majestic court
amid the Han Tradition (202 BC-AD 220), made a sheet of paper utilizing mulberry and other bast strands in
conjunction with fishnets, ancient clothes, and hemp squander, in spite of the fact that the most punctual piece
of paper found, at Fangmatan in Gansu area engraved with an outline, dates from 179-41 BC (Meggs & Philip,
1998).
The Indian pulp and paper industry comprises around 3.0% of global paper production, with an estimated
turnover of US$8.0 billion. Directly employing over 0.5 million individuals and indirectly supporting 1.5 million
jobs, it produced approximately 12.2 million tons of paper domestically in 2015–16. With increasing domestic
demand driven by population growth, rising literacy rates, and economic development, there's a notable shift
towards eco-friendly production methods, with a move away from wood-based technology due to capital and
raw material limitations (Sharma et al., 2015a; Sharma et al., 2015b; Sharma et al., 2015c).
Gujarat represents India in terms of paper production in leading way, with highest number of plants (111)
situated in Gujarat only. These includes 10 Large Units, 62 Small Units, 16 Medium units and 23 Micro units.
Most of these units produces RCF (recycled fibres) . In Gujarat Ahmedabad is leading in the number of paper
plants. There are also several companies which has their hub in Gujarat for paper production. For example, The
Central Pulp Mills (CPM) Unit of JK Paper Limited, located in Fort Songadh, Tapi District, Gujarat State, is the
largest integrated pulp producer in Gujarat, with a paper and paperboard manufacturing unit that produces
155,000 t paper and paperboards annually. The CPM unit relies on Leucaena, Eucalyptus, and Casuarina for its
raw material requirements, with Leucaena being the major contributor at approximately 75%. To ensure a
sustainable raw material supply, JK Paper Ltd has been promoting social and farm forestry plantation programs
in the mill's catchment area since 1996-1997. These programs involve providing quality seeds and improved
clones at subsidized prices, as well as free technical support to farmers, including a guaranteed market for their
harvested wood (Khanna et al., 2019 ).
In the alternatives of softwood trees plants with good fibers and high ratio of cellulose are considered Better
than the rest, because of high cellulose ratio. Plants in these categories include sugarcane, banana fiber,
pineapple and many other, in this review we will focus on the research done on the paper production from
these plant materials and their characteristics and quality assessment in comparison to the normal industrial
paper and the future of cellulose fibers in the paper production in upcoming years (Mannai et al., 2020).
Table 1: Pulping process for various materials
Isolation process Chemicals Raw materials
Sulfate/Kraft
NaOH, Na2S Softwoods, hardwoods
(LignoBoost)
Sulfite Ca(HSO3)2 or Mg(HSO3)2 Spruce, beech, eucalyptus
Soda (Granit) NaOH (anthraquinone) Annual plants
Softwoods, hardwoods, annual
Organocella Methanol, water, NaOH, anthraquinone
plants
Alcell Aqueous ethanol Hardwoods, annual plants
(Source- https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/chemical-pulping)
Utilization of sugarcane bagasse as alternative to wood-based paper production is environmentally friendly,
economically feasible and to a greater extent qualitatively superior and also equivalently optimum in the
chemical composition in biomass required for fulfilling the criteria for ideal paper production also it helps in
recycling (Rainey & Covey, 2016).
This review focuses on the production of paper from sugarcane bagasse as a better alternative than the wood-
based paper production which leads to many environmental problems like deforestations, habitat loss etc.

[447]
e-ISSN: 2582-5208
II. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
1. Solid waste management
a. Bagasse as a By-product: According to Al-Sulaimani & Dwivedi ( 2017), Bagasse could be a by-product of
the sugarcane industry, created amid the method of extracting juice from sugarcane stalks. Unlike wood,
which needs the gathering and preparing of trees, bagasse could be a promptly accessible agrarian build-up
that would something else be arranged of or burned.
b. Reduced Waste Generation: Utilizing bagasse as a crude fabric in papermaking makes a difference
diminish strong waste generation in a few ways. By utilizing bagasse, paper producers can repurpose a
critical agrarian build-up that would something else contribute to squander transfer challenges or require
extra vitality for transfer. A few paper plants coordinated bagasse-based paper generation into closed-loop
frameworks, where squander items such as pulping chemicals and effluents are reused or reused inside the
generation handle, advance minimizing squander era. The utilize of bagasse in papermaking offers different
natural benefits that contribute to in general maintainability. By redirecting bagasse from landfills, paper
producers offer assistance decrease the burden on squander administration frameworks and moderate
natural contamination related with landfill transfer. Furthermore, utilizing bagasse decreases the request
for wood fiber in paper generation, making a difference preserve woodlands and protect biodiversity (Al-
Sulaimani & Dwivedi, 2017).
c. Recycling potential: Bagasse-based paper items have tall reusing potential due to their biodegradable
nature and compatibility with reusing forms. After utilize, bagasse-based paper can be reused at the side
other paper items, contributing to the circular economy and decreasing the request for virgin mash.
Bagasse-based paper items have tall reusing potential due to their biodegradable nature and compatibility
with reusing forms. After utilize, bagasse-based paper can be reused together with other paper items,
contributing to the circular economy and diminishing the request for virgin mash. Bagasse-based paper
items, being determined from plant filaments, are biodegradable and consistent with reusing forms
commonly utilized for paper items. The filaments in bagasse-based paper hold their basic keenness indeed
after reusing, permitting for numerous cycles of utilize and reusing without critical misfortune of quality.
This characteristic makes bagasse-based paper a perfect candidate for closed-loop reusing frameworks,
where paper items are collected, handled, and reused into unused paper items (Al-Sulaimani & Dwivedi,
2017).
d. Water utilization: According to Malaysian Newsprint Industries (2007), Sugarcane bagasse-based paper
generation regularly requires less water compared to wood-based paper generation. This decrease in water
utilization can be ascribed to a few components: Sugarcane development is by and large less water-intensive
than the development of trees utilized for wood pulp. Sugarcane could be a moderately proficient trim in
terms of water utilization, requiring less water system compared to numerous tree species. Handling
sugarcane bagasse into mash for the most part includes less water-intensive forms compared to wood mash
generation. The mechanical and chemical pulping forms utilized for sugarcane bagasse require less water
compared to the conventional kraft pulping prepare commonly utilized for wood mash. Paper Recycling
Report. one metric tonne of paper from non virgin materials such as bagasse, kanaf and bamboo can save 17
trees, 3.3 cubic meter (m3) of landfill space, 360 L of water.
2. Lower carbon emanation
According to Kiatkittipong, Wongsuchoto, & Pavasant (2009), a life cycle assessment of bagasse waste
management options revealed various strategies for handling the waste. Bagasse-based paper production
regularly requires less vitality compared to wood-based paper generation. Typically, since the handling of
sugarcane bagasse into mash regularly includes less energy-in the utilization of sugarcane bagasse for paper
generation comes about in lower carbon emanations compared to wood-based paper generation. This lessening
in carbon outflows can be ascribed to the taking after variables. Tensive forms, such as mechanical pulping,
which require lower temperatures and less chemical utilization compared to the kraft pulping prepare utilized
for wood mash. Also, sugarcane bagasse-based paper generation may include the utilize of renewable vitality
sources, such as biomass or bagasse-derived vitality, which advance diminishes carbon emanations related
with vitality utilization within the generation handle. By and large, the utilization of sugarcane bagasse in paper
[448]
e-ISSN: 2582-5208
production reduces water utilization and carbon emanations compared to wood-based paper generation,
making it a more naturally maintainable choice. These discoveries highlight the potential of sugarcane bagasse
as a renewable and eco-friendly crude fabric for the mash and paper industry.
III. PULP AND PAPER QUALITY
Rainey & Covey (2016) conducted a study to investigate the properties and quality of paper produced from
sugarcane bagasse pulp compared to wood-based paper. Their findings suggest that sugarcane bagasse-based
paper can exhibit comparable or even superior properties to wood-based paper in various aspects if provided
with proper pre-processing and investments.
1. Tensile Quality Discoveries: Agreeing to the think about, the paper created from sugarcane bagasse pulp
displayed comparable or indeed higher tensile strength when compared to wood-based paper. Tensile
strength could be a degree of the resistance of paper to breaking or tearing when subjected to extending or
pulling powers. The discoveries propose that the filaments determined from sugarcane bagasse have
favourable holding characteristics and mechanical quality. The higher tensile quality watched in sugarcane
bagasse-based paper infers that the fibers from sugarcane bagasse can make a paper item with vigorous
resistance to breaking or tearing. This has critical suggestions for the potential utilize of sugarcane bagasse
as a crude fabric in paper generation. It proposes that not as it were is sugarcane bagasse a practical elective
to wood-based paper, but it may indeed outperform wood-based paper in certain mechanical properties,
contributing to the generation of solid and high-quality paper. (Azeez, 2018).
2. Tearing strength qualities: Rainey & Covey (2016) examined the tear resistance of paper made from
sugarcane bagasse mash and compared it to wood-based paper. Here's a point-by-point clarification of their
discoveries. Tear resistance measures how well paper can withstand tearing strengths, which is especially
critical for guaranteeing the strength and integrity of the paper amid taking care of, printing, and utilize.
Paper with higher tear resistance is less likely to tear or tear, making it more appropriate for different
applications. They also found that paper delivered from sugarcane bagasse mash displayed comparable or
indeed predominant tear resistance when compared to wood-based paper. This shows that the filaments
inferred from sugarcane bagasse contribute to the generation of paper with amazing tear resistance. The
prevalent tear resistance watched in sugarcane bagasse-based paper proposes that it can withstand tearing
strengths more successfully than wood-based paper. This has noteworthy suggestions for the strength and
quality of the paper, because it guarantees that the paper remains intaglio and useful indeed beneath stretch
or harsh dealing with. Paper with tall tear resistance is especially important for applications where
toughness is basic, such as bundling materials, envelopes, and heavy-duty printing.
3. Brightness: According to Rainey & Covey (2016), Brightness may be a critical optical property of paper that
impacts its appearance, coherence, and printability. Higher brightness levels for the most part result in more
dynamic and outwardly engaging printed materials. Whereas they did not expressly say brightness in their
think about, it is a basic figure to consider in paper quality appraisal.
IV. BRIGHTNESS AND BLEACHING
Brightness levels in paper can be optimized through bleaching forms, which include the expulsion of lignin and
other pollutions that can influence paper colour and brightness. Bleaching improves the whiteness and
brightness of paper, making strides its visual offer and printability. The researchers likely explored different
bleaching agents, such as chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, or oxygen-based bleaching sequences, to
effectively remove lignin and other impurities from sugarcane bagasse pulp. Optimization techniques such as
response surface methodology (RSM) may have been used to identify the optimal bleaching conditions for
maximizing brightness. (Bajpai et al., 2006)
The discoveries of El-Sakhawy, (2005) have significant implications for the paper industry, especially within
the setting of utilizing sugarcane bagasse as a crude fabric for paper generation. By optimizing brightness
through bleaching, sugarcane bagasse-based paper can meet the visual and printability standards required for
different applications, counting printing, distributing, and bundling.

[449]
e-ISSN: 2582-5208
V. RENEWABILITY
Renewability could be a pivotal calculate when evaluating the supportability of crude materials utilized in
paper generation. Bagasse, the sinewy build-up cleared out after sugarcane stalks are pulverized to extricate
juice, offers outstanding preferences in terms of renewability compared to wood, which is regularly gathered
from woodlands. Traditional paper production includes pulping from either hardwood or softwood trees such
as pine, eucalyptus, fir, subabul etc. these trees contain high value of cellulose which are important for paper
production but there are some major issues regarding these traditional methods which are as follows. Each
year around 14% of deforestation happens to meet the high growing demand of paper production. Another
issue with paper production with trees is that it is a time taking process in terms of sustainability, major trees
producing paper takes years to grow and each year the gap keeps increasing between demand and supply by
significant margins for example-Eucalyptus ( 5 - 7 years) , Pine (10 - 25 years), Poplar (6 - 10 years ), Spruce
(20 years), Acacia (6 - 10 years) etc. Bagasse is the rawest fabric for sugarcane paper, and it is found from sugar
plants. It takes six tons of bagasse in arrange to deliver one ton of paper. On the other hand, to deliver one ton
of 30% reused wood fiber paper, it takes three tons of trees. This leads to major toll on rate deforestation which
eventually leads to habitat loss , soil erosion ,global warming, disruption of ecosystems. Unsustainable forestry
practices may also contribute to biodiversity decline and loss of carbon sequestration potential, exacerbating
climate change (Manonmoney, 2007).
VI. BAGASSE AS A RENEWABLE SOURCE
Bagasse is without a doubt a renewable asset, serving as a by-product of the sugarcane industry. Sugarcane, the
source of bagasse, could be a renewable edit with a generally brief development cycle, regularly gathered
yearly. After the sugarcane is gathered, the stalks experience preparing to extricate the juice, fundamentally for
sugar generation. This prepare clears out behind the stringy build-up known as bagasse. Since sugarcane can be
replanted and gathered each year, bagasse is ceaselessly produced as a renewable asset. Bagasse's status as a
renewable asset, coupled with its wealth as a by-product of sugarcane handling, positions it as a profitable and
feasible elective for different applications. Its persistent era underpins it utilize in businesses looking for eco-
friendly options to non-renewable assets (Poopak & Reza, 2012).
VII. LOWER CARBON IMPRESSION
Wiegard Jean (2001) stated that the generation of bagasse-based paper ordinarily includes lower vitality
utilization and less chemical inputs compared to wood-based papermaking, coming about in a lower carbon
impression. Typically upheld by a few considers within the field of life cycle evaluation (LCA) and natural affect
examination. Pulp and paper generation from bagasse regularly requires less chemical fading and preparing
compared to wood-based papermaking, driving to decreased emanations of greenhouse gasses such as carbon
dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Energy-intensive forms like pulping, drying, and papermaking are more
effective when utilizing bagasse, contributing to lower by and large emanations. The Bagasse-based paper
generation can accomplish noteworthy diminishments in nursery gas emanations per ton of paper created
compared to wood-based papermaking operations.
VIII. ENERGY EFFECTIVENESS
Bagasse, being a fibrous build-up of sugarcane preparing, is frequently utilized as a renewable vitality source in
sugarcane plants. The combustion of bagasse creates steam and power, which are utilized in different stages of
paper generation, such as pulping, drying, and transportation. This comes about in higher vitality proficiency
and diminished dependence on fossil powers. Sugarcane plants prepared with cogeneration offices can create
excess power that can be provided to the framework, uprooting power created from fossil fills and advance
diminishing greenhouse gas outflows. The effective utilize of bagasse-derived energy in paper generation
contributes to generally energy investment funds and natural sustainability (Cardozo & Malmquist, 2019).
IX. CARBON SEQUESTRATION
According to Kiatkittipong, Wongsuchoto, & Pavasant (2009), Sugarcane plants retain carbon dioxide from the
climate amid photosynthesis, sequestering carbon within the shape of biomass. Whereas the carbon put away
in sugarcane is discharged when bagasse is burned for vitality or breaks down, the persistent replanting and

[450]
e-ISSN: 2582-5208
collecting of sugarcane guarantee a net carbon sink impact over the crop's lifecycle. Maintainable
administration hones in sugarcane development can improve carbon sequestration in soils and biomass,
advance relieving greenhouse gas emanations. Compared to wood-based papermaking, which includes the
lasting evacuation of carbon put away in trees, the utilize of bagasse keeps up a positive carbon adjust and
contributes to climate alter moderation.
X. EFFECT OF LIGNIN CONTENT
Lignin could be a complex polymer found within the cell walls of plants, giving structural back and unbending
nature. In wood and other lignocellulosic materials, lignin acts as a binding agent, cementing cellulose and
hemicellulose strands together. Be that as it may, lignin too contributes to the coloration and obscuring of
mash, influencing the brightness and appearance of paper items. Bagasse lignin is much more responsive than
wood lignin, so the pulping conditions are exceptionally mellow. For pop pulping the chemical charge is 12–
16% of sodium hydroxide (as NaOH on dry strands) at 170–175 °C and for Kraft pulping, it is 11–13 % NaOH
with 15–20% sulfidity (Hurter, 2007b).
1. Coloration of Pulp
Lignin could be a complex polymer found within the cell walls of plants, conferring a dim color to pulp when
display in high concentrations. Amid the pulping process, lignin can be mostly evacuated through chemical or
mechanical medicines. Pulp with lower lignin substance shows up lighter in colour, coming about in brighter
and more outwardly engaging paper items. (Iiyama, Nakano & Migita, 1967).
2. Strength and Durability
Whereas lignin gives rigidity and strength to plant cell walls, its nearness in mash can influence the quality and
solidness of paper. High lignin substance may lead to decreased paper quality and expanded brittleness,
especially in reused or mechanical pulps where lignin remains moderately intaglio (Joelsson, 2021).
3. Bleaching Requirements
Lignin contributes to the coloration of pulp and requires fading to attain wanted brightness levels in paper
generation. Mash with higher lignin substance ordinarily requires more extensive bleaching treatments to
evacuate the dark colour and accomplish the specified brightness. On the other hand, pulp with lower lignin
substance, such as that determined from bagasse, may require less fading, coming about in diminished chemical
utilization and natural affect (Sharma, et al., 2023).
4. Comparative Biodegradability
According to Sotoodehnia & Roodan, (2012), Studies have compared the biodegradability of bagasse-based
paper with that of wood-based paper: conducted a comparative life cycle appraisal of bagasse and wood mash
in paper generation. The ponder highlighted the biodegradability of bagasse-based paper items as a key
maintainability advantage over wood-based paper. They also talked about the natural benefits of bagasse-based
paper generation, emphasizing its biodegradability. The audit highlighted the significance of joining
biodegradable materials like bagasse into papermaking forms to play down natural affect.
Table 2: Comparative analysis of characters of wood and bagasse for paper production
key differences between bagasse and wood in respect of paper making
Feature Trees Sugarcane bagasse
Growth 10-20 years 1 year
Green house gas emission more Less
Cellulose 45% 50%
Bleaching more due to dense lignin less due to lower lignin
Habitat loss significant negligible
lignin 25-30% 21%
solid waste more almost none

[451]
e-ISSN: 2582-5208
Oxidation prone More Less
Sustainability Lower due to deforestation Higher due to agricultural waste
Recycling less, takes time More, faster
Water Usage More Less
Biodegradable, but
Biodegradability decomposition rate can be Highly biodegradable
slower
(Source: Rousu et al., 2002; Kissinger et al., 2007)
Bagasse, a by-product of sugarcane preparing, is sourced from a trim with a generally brief development cycle,
ordinarily collected every year. In differentiate, wood utilized in papermaking comes from trees with much
longer development cycles. Bagasse, being inferred from a renewable edit, offers a more feasible asset
compared to wood, which needs longer periods for recovery (Poopak & Reza, 2012).
Lignin, a common polymer found in plant cell dividers, impacts the properties of paper. Bagasse by and large
contains lower lignin substance compared to wood, driving to lighter-coloured mash and diminishing the
require for broad dying. This contributes to decreased chemical utilization and natural affect in papermaking
(Iiyama, Nakano, & Migita, 1967).
Bagasse-based paper items are inalienably biodegradable, breaking down into safe byproducts beneath
common conditions. This contrasts with wood-based paper, which may contain higher lignin substance and
other components that prevent biodegradation. The biodegradability of bagasse-based paper underpins
squander decrease and advances economical squander administration hones (Sotoodehnia & Roodan, 2012).
Inquire about shows that bagasse-based paper generation for the most part transmits less nursery gasses
compared to wood-based papermaking. Bagasse requires less energy-intensive handling and diminishes the
dependence on fossil fills, driving to lower carbon emanations and moderating climate alter impacts. Wood
collecting for paper generation can contribute to territory misfortune and biodiversity decay, especially in
delicate biological systems. Utilizing bagasse as a crude fabric diminishes the weight on timberland
environments, making a difference moderate biodiversity and protect environments (Kiatkittipong,
Wongsuchoto, & Pavasant, 2009).
Bagasse-based paper generation is more maintainable in terms of water utilization compared to wood-based
forms after appropriate processing of raw material like depicting, dry storage etc... Bagasse pulping requires
less water, contributing to water preservation and diminishing the strain on freshwater assets. Water-efficient
handling strategies assist minimize water utilization, advancing feasible asset administration (Dixit et al., 2014)
XI. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the comprehensive examination of different maintainability pointers clearly illustrates that
bagasse-based paper generation is more maintainable than wood-based papermaking. Bagasse, determined
from a renewable edit with a shorter development cycle, offers a promptly accessible and ecologically
neighbourly elective to wood. Its lower lignin substance diminishes the require for broad dying, in this manner
minimizing chemical utilization and natural affect. Moreover, the inalienable biodegradability of bagasse-based
paper items underpins squander decrease and advances feasible squander administration hones. Bagasse-
based paper generation moreover leads to lower nursery gas outflows compared to wood-based forms,
contributing to climate alter relief endeavours.
In addition, by utilizing bagasse, paper producers can help moderate living space misfortune and preserve
biodiversity by diminishing the weight on timberland biological systems. Bagasse-based paper generation
comes about in diminished strong squander era and offers tall reusing potential, adjusting with circular
economy standards and diminishing the request for virgin mash. Besides, bagasse-based paper generation
requires less water, contributing to water preservation and economical asset administration.
Generally, the appropriation of bagasse-based paper generation speaks to a noteworthy step towards
accomplishing natural supportability within the mash and paper industry. By grasping this eco-friendly

[452]
e-ISSN: 2582-5208
elective, partners can contribute to relieving natural impacts, moderating common assets, and advancing a
more economical future for paper generation.
XII. REFERENCE
[1] Al-Sulaimani, K., & Dwivedi, P. B. (2017). Production of handmade papers from sugar cane bagasse and
banana fibers in Oman. International Journal of Students Research in Technology and
Management, 5(3), 16-20.
[2] Aytaç, A., & Korkmaz, M. (2022). An analysis of the World paper industry with a focus on Europe and
trade perspective. Studia Universitatis Vasile Goldiș Arad, Seria Științe Economice, 32(2), 24-40.
[3] Azeez, M. A. (2018). Pulping of non-woody biomass. Pulp and paper processing, 55-86.
[4] Bajpai, P., Anand, A., Sharma, N., Mishra, S. P., Bajpai, P. K., & Lachenal, D. (2006). Enzymes improve ECF
bleaching of pulp. BioResources, 1(1), 34-44.
[5] Cardozo, E., & Malmquist, A. (2019). Performance comparison between the use of wood and sugarcane
bagasse pellets in a Stirling engine micro-CHP system. Applied Thermal Engineering, 159, 113945.
[6] Dixit, A. K., Dixit, T., Sharma, A., & Jain, R. K. (2014). Efficient depithing of bagasse for reduction of water
requirement in pulp mill. In International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, ETWQQM-
2014 Conference Proceedings (Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 1-4).
[7] El-Sakhawy, M. (2005). Effect of bleaching sequence on paper ageing. Polymer Degradation and
stability, 87(3), 419-423.
[8] Eugenio, M. E., Ibarra, D., Martín-Sampedro, R., Espinosa, E., Bascón, I., & Rodríguez, A. (2019).
Alternative raw materials for pulp and paper production in the concept of a lignocellulosic
biorefinery. Cellulose, 12(4), 78.
[9] Haile, A., Gebino, G., Tesfaye, T., Mengie, W., Ayele, M., Abuhay, A., & Yilie, D. (2021). Utilization of non-
wood biomass for pulp manufacturing in paper industry: case of Ethiopia. Biomass Conversion and
Biorefinery, 1-19.
[10] Hurter, R. (2007b). Developments in Pulp and Paper Production from Sugarcane Bagasse. Queensland
University of Technology: Brisbane, Australia.
[11] Hurter, R. (2007c). Introduction to Bagasse Products. Developments in Pulp and Paper Production from
Sugarcane Bagasse. Queensland University of Technology: Brisbane, Australia
[12] Iiyama, K., Nakano, J., & Migita, N. (1967). Studies on the Color of Lignin (II) Effects of Chromophoric
Groups on the Color of Softwood Thiolignin. JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL, 21(3), 157-164.
[13] Joelsson, T. (2021). The influence of pulp type and hot-pressing conditions on paper strength
development (Doctoral dissertation, Mid Sweden University).
[14] Khanna, N. K., Shukla, O. P., Gogate, M. G., & Narkhede, S. L. (2019). Leucaena for paper industry in
Gujarat, India: Case study. Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales, 7(2), 200-209.
[15] Kiatkittipong, W., Wongsuchoto, P., & Pavasant, P. (2009). Life cycle assessment of bagasse waste
management options. Waste Management, 29(5), 1628-1633.
[16] Kissinger, M., Fix, J., Rees, W.E. (2007) Wood and non-wood pulp production: Comparative ecological
foot printing on the Canadian prairies. Ecol. Econ. 62(3–4):552–558.
[17] Malaysian Newsprint Industries (2007). Paper Recycling Report. http://www.newsprint.com.my
[18] Mannai, F., Elhleli, H., Khiari, R., & Moussaoui, Y. (2020). Cellulosic Fibers from Lignocellulosic Biomass
for Papermaking Applications. IntechOpen. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.88388
[19] Meggs, P. B. A. (1998). History of Graphic Design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[20] Moore G. Non wood fiber applications in papermaking. In: Pira International; Leatherhead; Surrey UK;
1996
[21] Pennington D W, Potting J, Finnveden G, Lindeijer E, Jolliet O, Rydberg T, Rebitzer(2004). Life Cycle
Assessment Part 2: Current Impact Assessment Practice. J of Environment Int, 30,721-739
[22] Poopak, S., & Reza, A. R. (2012). Environmental Benefit of Using Bagasse in Paper Production–A Case
Study of LCA in Iran. Global Warming-Impacts and Future Perspectives.
[23] Pulp and paper production from sugarcane bagasse. Sugarcane‐Based Biofuels and Bioproducts, 259-
280.

[453]
e-ISSN: 2582-5208
[24] Rousu, P., Rousu, P., & Anttila, J. (2002). Sustainable pulp production from agricultural
waste. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 35(1-2), 85-103.
[25] Sharma, D., Agrawal, S., Nagpal, R., Mishra, O. P., Bhardwaj, N., & Mahajan, R. (2023). Production of eco-
friendly and better-quality sugarcane bagasse paper using crude xylanase and pectinase biopulping
strategy. 3 Biotech, 13(2), 61.
[26] Sharma, D., Goel, G., Sud, A., Chauhan, R.S., 2015a. A novel laccase from newly isolated Cotylidia
pannosa and its application in decolorization of synthetic dyes. Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol. 4, 661–666.
[27] Sharma, D., Goel, G., Sud, A., Chauhan, R.S., 2015cb. A novel laccase from newly isolated Cotylidia
pannosa and its application in decolorization of synthetic dyes. Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol. 4, 661–666.
[28] Sharma, P., Sood, C., Singh, G., Capalash, N., 2015. An eco-friendly process for biobleaching of eucalyptus
kraft pulp with xylanase producing Bacillus halodurans. J. Clean. Prod. 87, 966–970
[29] Sheikh, P., Asadpour, G., Zabihzadeh, S. M., & Amoee, N. (2013). An optimum mixture of virgin bagasse
pulp and recycled pulp (OCC) for manufacturing fluting paper. BioResources, 8(4), 5871-5883.
[30] Sotoodehnia, P., & Roodan, R. A. (2012). Environmental Benefit of Using Bagasse in Paper Production-A
Case Study of LCA in Iran. Chapters.
[31] Wiegard Jean (2001). Qualification of GreenHouse Gases at Visy Industries Using Life Cycle Assessment.
M Tech Thesis, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia

[454]

fin_irjmets1712286987

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

fin_irjmets1712286987

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

fin_irjmets1712286987

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

You might also like