MATHEMATCS ASSGNMENT

ERNEST BAI KOROMA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAGBURAKA CAMPUS
ASSIGNMENT
NAME:KABBA BANGURA
I D: 18050
PROGRAM:BSC. BUUSNESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
MODULE: MATHEMATICS
LECTURER:MR. LARKOH
A finite state machine (FSM) is a mathematical model used to design and represent systems that exhibit
a finite number of states, transitions between these states, and inputs that cause these transitions.
FSMs are widely used in various fields, including computer science, artificial intelligence, linguistics, and
more, to model the behavior of systems that can be in only a finite number of states at any given time.
Key components of a finite state machine include:
 States
States represent the different configurations or conditions that a system can be in at any point in time.
Each state in the system is distinct and defines a situation where the system remains until an input is
received to cause a transition to another state.
 Transitions:
Transitions define the movement from one state to another in response to specific inputs. These
transitions are governed by rules that determine the next state based on the current state and the input
received. Transitions in FSMs are usually represented as arrows from one state to another, labeled with
the input that triggers the transition.
 Inputs:
Inputs are external stimuli or signals that the system receives, causing it to transition from one state to
another. The behavior of an FSM is determined by the inputs it receives and the rules that govern state
transitions based on these inputs.
 Outputs:
In some cases, FSMs also have outputs associated with transitions, meaning that not only the state
change can happen based on an input, but there can also be an output associated with that transition.
 Types of FSMs:
 Deterministic Finite State Machine (DFSM): In a DFSM, for each state and input, there is only
one possible next state. The model is deterministic, meaning that each input to the system
causes a unique transition.
 Non-Deterministic Finite State Machine (NDFSM): In an NDFSM, for a given state and input,
there can be multiple possible next states. This introduces non-determinism in the system.
 Applications:
FSMs are used in various applications, including:
Modeling software applications for behaviors or protocols that have a finite number of
states.
Designing digital systems in hardware description languages to represent sequential

circuits.
Natural language processing for tasks like syntactic parsing.
Protocol parsing and network packet analysis.
Compilers and parsing algorithms for programming languages.
Finite state machines are fundamental models with broad applications due to their simplicity, clarity,
and ability to represent complex systems in a structured manner. They provide a
Finite state machines (FSMs) are fundamental models in computer science and engineering that
are used to describe the behavior of systems that have a finite number of states. Here are some key
reasons why finite state machines are important:
 Modelling and Design: FSMs provide a clear and structured way to model and design systems or
processes that have a finite number of states and transitions between these states. They are
particularly useful for representing sequential logic circuits, control systems, software
applications, and more.
 Simplicity and Understandability**: FSMs are simple and easy to understand, both for humans
and computers. They provide a visual representation of the system's behavior, making it easier
to analyze and verify the correctness of the system.
 Implementation: FSMs are used in the implementation of various systems and algorithms,
including compilers, regular expression matching, protocol implementations, and more. They
provide a systematic way to design, analyze, and implement complex systems.
 Stateful Behavior: FSMs are especially useful when dealing with systems that have memory or
stateful behavior. By capturing the current state of the system and the transitions between
states, FSMs can accurately represent the behavior of such systems.
 Verification and Testing: FSMs are valuable in formal verification and testing of systems. They
can be used to generate test cases, verify system properties, detect potential errors, and ensure
the correctness of the system's behavior.
 Concurrency: Finite state machines can be extended to model complex systems with
concurrency, following models such as colored Petri nets or statecharts. This makes FSMs
versatile tools for capturing the behavior of concurrent systems.
 Efficiency: Implementing systems using FSMs can often lead to efficient and optimized solutions.
By representing the system behavior in a structured manner, unnecessary computations can be
avoided, leading to better performance.
 Education and Research: FSMs are widely used in educational settings to teach fundamental
concepts in computer science, such as state machines, automata theory, and formal languages.
In research, FSMs serve as a building block for more advanced models and techniques.
 Interoperability: FSMs provide a common language for discussing system behavior across
different domains and disciplines. This facilitates communication and collaboration between
experts working on diverse systems and projects.
In summary, finite state machines play a crucial role in various fields, enabling the modeling, design,
analysis, and implementation of systems with finite states and transitions. Their simplicity,

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ERNEST BAI KOROMA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Key components of a finite state machine include:

FSMs are used in various applications, including:

Designing digital systems in hardware description languages to represent sequential

Natural language processing for tasks like syntactic parsing.

Protocol parsing and network packet analysis.

Compilers and parsing algorithms for programming languages.

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