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IB MATHEMATICS AI HL - QUESTIONBANK

Probability
Basic Prob, Tree/ Venn/ Sample Space Diagrams, Conditional Prob, Transition Matrices
& Markov Chains...

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Question 1

Easy

[Maximum mark: 6]

The probability that Amanda successfully passes her maths exam depends on the exam topic. The probability
that the topic is statistics is 0.35 and the probability she passes this topic is only 0.3 . The probability that
Amanda passes any other topic during the exam is 0.8 .

(a) Complete the following tree diagram. [3]

(b) Find the probability that Amanda does not pass the exam. [3]

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Question 2

Easy

[Maximum mark: 6]

A bag contains 6 white and 4 orange table tennis balls. Jack selects a ball at random from the bag and then,
afterwards, John selects a ball at random from the bag.

(a) Complete the tree diagram. [3]

(b) Find the probability that John chooses a white ball. [3]

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Question 3

Easy

[Maximum mark: 5]

During an exam that has a total of eight questions, Paula correctly solved Questions 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 and 8 . During
the same exam, Quentin correctly solved Questions 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 and 8 .

(a) Represent this information on the Venn diagram below. P represents the [2]
set of questions correctly solved by Paula. Likewise, Q represents the set of questions correctly solved by
Quentin.

(b) Find n(P ∪ Q). [1]

(c) Find the probability that a question at random has been solved correctly [2]
by Paula or Quentin, but not both.

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Question 4

Easy

[Maximum mark: 6]

Mark wants to meet his friend Jeremy after School to ask him some questions about their Chemistry
homework. On a typical school afternoon, Jeremy either goes to the park for some exercise or goes to the
library to complete his homework.

Jeremy has previously told Mark that he goes to the park two out of every five afternoons each school week.

If Jeremy goes to the park, the probability that Mark will meet Jeremy in the park is 0.2 . If Jeremy goes to
the library, the probability that Mark will meet Jeremy in the library is 0.7 .

These scenarios are represented on the tree diagram below.

(a) Complete the tree diagram. [3]

(b) Find the probability that Mark will meet Jeremy that afternoon. [3]

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Question 5
 Easy

[Maximum mark: 6]

The probability that a soccer team scores in the first half is 0.6 . If the team scores in the first half, the
probability that it will score in the second half is 0.3 . If the team does not score in the first half, the
probability it will not score in the second half is 0.2 .

(a) Using the information given, complete the following tree diagram. [3]

(b) Calculate the probability that the team will score in the second half. [3]

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Question 7

Easy

[Maximum mark: 6]
A lego storage box is left with 4 blue and 7 red bricks. Max takes a brick from the box at random and attaches
it to his new castle. He then chooses another brick from the same box at random.

(a) Complete the following tree diagram. [3]

(b) Calculate the probability that both bricks chosen by Max are of the same color. [3]

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Question 8

Easy

[Maximum mark: 6]

Two bags of marbles contain green and orange marbles. Bag A contains 7 green marbles and 5 orange
marbles, while Bag B contains 3 green marbles and 9 orange marbles.

One marble is selected from Bag A and then Bag B.

(a) Determine the probability of selecting two marbles of the same colour. [3]

Both marbles from part (a) are put back into the bags they came from. This time, an unbiased coin is flipped
to determine which bag to select a single marble from. If the coin flips heads, a marble is selected from Bag A.
If the coin flips tails, a marble is selected from Bag B.
 (b) Determine the probability of flipping tails and then selecting a green marble. [3]

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Question 9

Easy

[Maximum mark: 6]

A rat is placed in the maze shown in the diagram below. The maze has four rooms (A-D) with open doors
between the rooms. For example, there is one open door connecting rooms C and D, whereas there are two
open doors connecting rooms B and D.

Every minute, a buzzer is sounded which prompts the rat to move to a connecting room. The probability of
the room the rat chooses to move to is determined by the number of open doors available to it. Each time the
rat moves and chooses a door to pass through, the probability of each available open door is equal.

(a) Determine the transition matrix describing the room the rat chooses to move to each time the buzzer
sounds. [3]

The rat is initially placed in room C.

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Question 10

Easy

[Maximum mark: 6]

There are 3 pairs of white coloured socks and 4 pairs of red coloured socks in a draw. Anne picks one sock
from the draw at random and puts it on. She then picks another sock from the draw at random and puts it on.

(a) Complete the following tree diagram. [3]

(b) Find the probability that Anne goes for a walk in the socks of the same color. [3]

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Question 11

Easy

[Maximum mark: 17]

A large international school tests their teaching staff for a virus that is prevalent in the community. They
interpret a positive test result as meaning a staff member has the virus. A negative result means that they do
not.

The probability that a staff member has the virus is estimated to be 0.03 .

If a staff member has the virus, the probability that they will test positive is 0.95 .

If a staff member does not have the virus, the probability that they will test negative is 0.99 .

(a) Using the given information, copy and complete the following tree diagram. [2]

(b) (i) Determine the probability that a randomly selected staff member does not have the virus and tests
negative.

(ii) If two staff members are selected at random, calculate the probability that both staff members do
not have the virus and both test negative. [4]

(c) (i) Calculate the probability that a randomly selected staff member will receive an incorrect test
result.
 (ii) The entire staff of 220 are tested. Calculate the expected number of staff members that will receive
an incorrect result. [5]

The mathematics faculty has 14 members. It is known that none of the mathematics faculty members have
the virus.

(d) Calculate the probability that none of the mathematics faculty will test positive. [4]

(e) Determine the probability that more than 3 mathematics faculty members will test positive. [2]

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Question 12

Easy

[Maximum mark: 15]

At the company SpaceY it is known that 68 % of the employees drive to work and 61 % use the company
canteen for lunch.

It is also known that 23 % do not drive to work and do not use the company canteen for lunch.

This information can be shown on a Venn diagram such that the percentage in each region is represented by
the letters k, s, u and m.