BOTSWANA EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

Botswana General Certificate of Secondary Education

GEOGRAPHY 0584/02
Paper 2
October/November 2018

2 hours 10 minutes
Additional Materials: Answer Booklet
Insert

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on the answer booklet.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction filuid.

This question paper is divided into four sections: A, B, C and D.

Answer one question from each section.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 10 printed pages and 2 blank pages

BEC 2018
Turn over
 2

Section

Answer one question in this section.

(a) Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the Andes Mountains.

Andes Mountains

Pacific Ocean 9
uoua

B
- Magma

A ww

torus NN
NKN
slow-moving currents in the mantle

Key Earthquakes
Direction of movement

Fig.1

(i)
Write A and B as a list and name the types of plates labelled.
2
(ii) Describe the features of fold mountains such as the Andes 5
With the aid of Fig. 1, explain how the Andes Mountains could have been formed. [6]
(ii)
how mountains such as the Andes influence human activities. [6]
(iv) Explain
labelled diagram, describe how a volcano is formed [6]
(b) With the aid of a

Total: 25]

BEC 2018 0584/02/0/N/18

 3

2 (a) Fig. 2 shows a diagram of the Stevenson's screen.

Double boarded roof

- Louvred sides

Stand
121 cm

Fig. 2

(i) List the instruments that are kept in the Stevenson's screen. (2
(ii) Use Fig. 2 to help you explain the features of the Stevenson Screen's construction. [6]

(b) (i) Describe the location of the Equatorial climatic region. [1

(ii) On the map (insert) provided, shade the equatorial climatic region. [11
(ii) Name three counties in Africa which experience the equatorial climate. 131
(iv) Explain how the cutting down of the rainforests has affected the environment. [6]

(v) Suggest measures that can be taken to protect the rainforests. [6

[Total: 25

BEC 2018 0584/02/0/N/18 Turn over

 Section B

Answer one question in this section.

3 ( a ) The hydrological cycle can be seen as a natural system which recycles water.

() Describe the hydrological cycle. 41

(i) Explain how human activity may disturb the hydrological cycle. 6
(6) In recent years, Botswana has been experiencing a decline in abundance and variety
of veld products.

(i) State any two examples of veld products found in Botswana. 12

(i) Account for the decline in veld products in Botswana. 13]
(ii) Describe the challenges that local communities could be facing as the veld
products decline. [4]
(iv) Explain how veld products can be used in a sustainable way.
[6
Total: 25]

4 (a) Africa has a great potential to produce Hydro-electric power (HEP). However, the
continent continues to experience shortage of electricity.

() State two examples of HEP stations found in Africa.

(21
(ii) Describe the processes involved in HEP production.
41
(iii) Explain why the potential to produce HEP is not fully exploited in Africa.
5]
(b) Morupule Power Station is a major source of electricity for Botswana; however the
burning of coal releases toxic gases.

(i)Describe the factors that influenced the location of Morupule Power Station.
141
(ii) Explain howthe burning of coal for the production of power may be dangerous to
the environment.
[4]
(c) Suggest how shortage of electricity may affect the economy of a country.
[6
Total: 25]

BEC 2018 0584/02/0/N/18

 Section C

Answer one question in this section

5 (a) Pandamatenga, Tuli Block and Barolong Farms are important commercial arable farming
areas in Botswana.

(i) Draw a sketch map of Botswana and locate one of the farming areas named above. [2)

(ii) State three crops that are grown on the farming area chosen in (a}i). 13)
(in) Explain how commercial arable farming has a negative impact on the environment. 6

(b) Fig. 3 shows a plan of a tea plantation.

Mature tea area

N
Workers' houses
Fuel plantation
Natural forest
E Factory with
firewood stacks

Teanursery
= Road

Nursery school
Welfare hall
with TV
Canteen with
tea room + bar

a General shop

Dam

River with bridge

Offices and
dispensary
Manager's house
Scale: 1:24 000

Fig. 3

(i) With the aid of Fig. 3, describe the features of a plantation.

14
(ii) Describe the benefits of plantation agriculture to people in countries where
plantations are found. 5
(c) Describe the advantages that Botswana has for plantation farming (5
[Total: 25]

OBEC 2018 0584/02/0/N/18 [Turn over

 6

6 (a) Coastal tourism is important for the economy of countries such as South Africa and Kenya

(i) Name and locate on a sketch map of either Kenya or South Africa, an area important
for coastal tourism.
31
(i) State three tourist attractions in the area chosen in (a)(i).
3
(ii) Explain how coastal tourism impacts on the economy of the country in which
it is found.

(6)Fig. 4 shows the projected Botswana government revenue from diamonds between
2017 and 2029

Projected government revenue from diamonds, 2017-2029 (P million, constant prices)

18000
16000

14000
12000
10000

D 8000

6000
4000
2000

TT T
Years
Source: Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Resources

Fig. 4

(i) State two uses of diamonds

(21
(i) Explain how the economy of Botswana could be affected by the projected
government revenue from diamonds between 2022 and 2029 shown on Fig. 4.
[6
(ii) Suggest ways in which the government might deal with the economic problems which
are likely to affect Botswana between 2022 and 2029.
5
[Total:25]1

BEC 2018 0584/02/0/N/18

 Section D

Answer one question in this section

(a) shows population pyramids of two countries X and Y

Country X
ale age groups
female
100
95-99
90- 94
85- 89
8 084
75 79
70-74
65 6 9
60 6 4
55 59
50 - 54

45 4 9
40 44
35 3 9
30 3 4
25 29
20 24
15 19
10-14

5-9
0-4

75 50 25 0 25 50 75 100 125
125 100

population (in thousands)

Country Y
age groups female
male 80+
75 -79
70-74
65 69
60 -64
55 59
50 54
45 49
40-44
35 -39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15 19
10-14
5-9
0 -4

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
population (in millions)
US Census Bureau, International Data Base

Fig 5

BEC 2018 0584/02/0/INI18

 (i) Which pyramid represents a developing country? 11
(i) Describe the population structure of the country represented by pyramid Y. 41
(tii) Suggest the challenges that the government of country X is likely to face in
the future [6)
(6) Botswana has demonstrated a strong national commitment to managing the HIV/AIDS
epidemic.
() State two ways by which HIVIAIDS is transmitted.
12
(in) Describe the measures that have been put in place to manage the HIVIAIDS
epidemic in Botswana. 6
(iii) Explain how the problem of HIVIAIDS impacts on the economic and social
development in Botswana. [6]
Total: 25]

BEC 2018 0584/02/0/N/ 18 Turn over

 10

8 (a) Fig. 6 shows a settlement pattern in Botswana in 1943

Public buildings A

A Government Camp
.

B Mission station
C Hospital
JBA O: ,F B
D Church N
E National school C
H
F Lentswe School
G Veterinary Office HI::

H Traders' stores
Blacksmiths' shops
J Native Recruiting
Corporation
K Tribal Kgotla
L Chiefs residence
Morêma section Kgosing section
M Tribal office
N Reservoirs Manamakgotle section Tshukudu section
o Cattle dip Mabodisa section Footpath
P Dam

Source: Botswana: Physical, Social and Economic Geography. Silitshena and Mcleod.
Longman Botswana 1989.

Fig.6
the problems that people who live in a settlement such as the one in
(i) Suggest
Fig. 6 may face. [5]
Outline factors that may influence change in the settlement pattern shown in Fig. 6.
(ii)

(b) One of the aims of Botswana's National Settlement Policy is to balance development
between rural and urban areas.

State three other aims of the National Settlement Policy

(i) 3
Describe the ways through which the government of Botswana is trying to
(ii) between rural and urban areas.
ensure a balance in development 5
Suggest why it might be difficult to implement the National Settlement Policy. [6]
(ii)
Total: 25]

BEC 2018 0584/02/0/N/18