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    Volume of Tor Us

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    bucminhnha
    1) The document describes two methods - the washer method and the shells method - for computing the volume of a torus. 2) Using the washer method, the torus is sliced horizontally, and the volume is computed as the sum of the volumes of cylindrical washers. 3) Using the shells method, the torus is sliced vertically into concentric cylindrical shells, and the volume is computed as the sum of the volumes of these shells. 4) Both methods yield the same result for the volume of a torus, demonstrating that the choice of slicing method does not affect the final volume calculation.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Volume of Tor Us

    Uploaded by

    bucminhnha
    20 views3 pages
    1) The document describes two methods - the washer method and the shells method - for computing the volume of a torus. 2) Using the washer method, the torus is sliced horizontally, and the volume is computed as the sum of the volumes of cylindrical washers. 3) Using the shells method, the torus is sliced vertically into concentric cylindrical shells, and the volume is computed as the sum of the volumes of these shells. 4) Both methods yield the same result for the volume of a torus, demonstrating that the choice of slicing method does not affect the final volume calculation.

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    1) The document describes two methods - the washer method and the shells method - for computing the volume of a torus. 2) Using the washer method, the torus is sliced horizontally, and the volume is computed as the sum of the volumes of cylindrical washers. 3) Using the shells method, the torus is sliced vertically into concentric cylindrical shells, and the volume is computed as the sum of the volumes of these shells. 4) Both methods yield the same result for the volume of a torus, demonstrating that the choice of slicing method does not affect the final volume calculation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views3 pages

    Volume of Tor Us

    Uploaded by

    bucminhnha
    1) The document describes two methods - the washer method and the shells method - for computing the volume of a torus. 2) Using the washer method, the torus is sliced horizontally, and the volume is computed as the sum of the volumes of cylindrical washers. 3) Using the shells method, the torus is sliced vertically into concentric cylindrical shells, and the volume is computed as the sum of the volumes of these shells. 4) Both methods yield the same result for the volume of a torus, demonstrating that the choice of slicing method does not affect the final volume calculation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 3

    Computing the volume of a torus.

    Washer Method For this method we need to slice the torus like one would slice a bagel.

    We consider the following image to determine the large and small radius of each washer that we created by the above slicing.

    x = r2 y2 R Large radius: R + Small radius: R Volume:


    r

    r2 y2 r2 y2

    V1 =
    r r

    (R +

    r2 y 2 )2 (R

    r2 y 2 )2 dy r2 y 2 + r2 y 2 ) dy

    =
    r r

    (R2 + 2R 4R
    r r

    r2 y 2 + r2 y 2 ) (R2 2R

    = = 4R

    r2 y 2 dy r2 y 2 dy

    Using trigonometric substitution (or the tables in the back of the book) we nd, = 4R y 2 r2 y2 + r2 y sin1 2 r r2
    r

    r r r r2 r2 + sin1 ) ( 2 2 r 2 2 2 r r = 4R ( sin1 1) ( sin1 (1)) 2 2 2 2 r r = 4R ( )( ) 2 2 2 2 = 4R ( = (2R)(r2 )

    r2 (r)2 +

    r2 r sin1 ) 2 r

    Shells Method This time, we slice in concentric rings.

    We are interested in the radius and the height of each cylindrical shell. y = r2 x2

    R Radius: x (R) = x + R Height: 2 r2 x2 Volume:


    r

    V2 = 2
    r

    (x + R)(2
    r

    r2 x2 ) dx
    r

    = 4
    r

    x r2 x2 dx +

    R
    r

    r2 x2 dx

    For the rst integral, we try the substitution u = r2 x2 , thus du = 2x dx. Modifying the limits we nd x = r u = 0 and x = r u = 0 thus, r 0 u 2 x2 dx = x r du = 0. r 0 2 The integral is zero because the upper and lower limits are the same. Note that the same substitution r does not work in the second integral r R r2 x2 dx since du = 2x dx and there is no x to match the x dx. However, we now have, V2 = 4
    r r

    r2 x2 dx

    which matches the fourth step in the computation of the volume when we used the washer method. Thus, V = (2R)(r2 ). Translated Axis In class we constructed a formula,
    R+r

    V3 = 2
    Rr

    r2 (X R)2 dX

    by considering the y-axis to pass through the center of the torus (the axis of rotation). If, to V3 , we apply the substitution u = X R, then du = dX, X = u + R, and
    r

    V3 = 2
    r

    (u + R)

    r2 u2 du

    which is exactly the integral we started with in V2 .

    Other Problems
    In these computations the method of integration was dictated to us. Since we had a particular method in mind we were forced to choose horizontal or vertical slices. Typically, however, we are presented with functions and the method used is at our discretion. In these cases it makes sense to rst choose an orientation for our slices vertical slices if the equations are easily solved for y, horizontal slices if the equations are easily solved for x. Only then should we decide which method to use based on whether our slices are parallel (shells) or perpendicular (washers) to the axis of rotation.

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