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    Euclidean Space Rn

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    Rohit Mandal
    The document discusses the extension of differential calculus to functions defined on Euclidean space Rn, covering cases where functions map from R to Rn, Rn to R, and Rn to Rm. It introduces parametric curves, providing examples such as lines, circular helices, and tori, and defines a regular parametric curve as one that is continuously differentiable with a non-zero derivative. Additionally, it outlines the differentiability of a continuous path from an interval in R to Rn.

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    Euclidean Space Rn

    Uploaded by

    Rohit Mandal
    1 views3 pages
    The document discusses the extension of differential calculus to functions defined on Euclidean space Rn, covering cases where functions map from R to Rn, Rn to R, and Rn to Rm. It introduces parametric curves, providing examples such as lines, circular helices, and tori, and defines a regular parametric curve as one that is continuously differentiable with a non-zero derivative. Additionally, it outlines the differentiability of a continuous path from an interval in R to Rn.

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    The document discusses the extension of differential calculus to functions defined on Euclidean space Rn, covering cases where functions map from R to Rn, Rn to R, and Rn to Rm. It introduces parametric curves, providing examples such as lines, circular helices, and tori, and defines a regular parametric curve as one that is continuously differentiable with a non-zero derivative. Additionally, it outlines the differentiability of a continuous path from an interval in R to Rn.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1 views3 pages

    Euclidean Space Rn

    Uploaded by

    Rohit Mandal
    The document discusses the extension of differential calculus to functions defined on Euclidean space Rn, covering cases where functions map from R to Rn, Rn to R, and Rn to Rm. It introduces parametric curves, providing examples such as lines, circular helices, and tori, and defines a regular parametric curve as one that is continuously differentiable with a non-zero derivative. Additionally, it outlines the differentiability of a continuous path from an interval in R to Rn.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Euclidean Space Rn

    Rohit
    August 25, 2023

    1 Partial Derivatives and Differentiability


    Extend differential calculus to the function
    Case I f : A ⊂ R → Rn
    Case II f : A ⊂ Rn → R
    Case III f : A ⊂ Rn → R m

    1.1 Parametric Curves


    Parametric curves are defined on R which is a continuous function

    Γ : [a, b] ⊂ R → Rn
    The curve Γ = γ([a, b]) is parametrized by γ(t) where t ∈ [a, b].
    Examples:
    • γ : R → Rn given by γ(t) = a + bt parametrizes a line in Rn passing
    though a in direction of b.

    • γ : [0, 2π] → R3 given by γ(t) = (cos t, sin t, t) parametrizes a circular


    helix.
    • γ : [0, 2π] → R3 given by γ(t) = (cos(t)(R+r cos u), sin(t)(R+r cos u), r sin u)
    parametrizes a torus whose major and minor radius is R and r respectively
    (note that R and r are not parameters.)

    1
    Note: a parametric curve Γ is regular parametric curve or regular
    curve if it is continuously differentiable and |γ ′ (t)| > 0 ∀ t ∈ I.
    γ ′ (t) = (γ1′ (t), γ2′ (t), · · · , γn′ (t))
    √
    |γ ′ (t)| = γ1′2 (t), γ2′2 (t), · · · , γn′2 (t)

    2
    1.2 Differentiability of γ : R → Rn
    Let suppose γ be a continuous path from (a, b) ⊂ R to Rn
    i.e. γ : (a, b) ⊂ R → Rn and t0 ∈ (a, b)
    if
    γ ′ (t0 ) = dγ
    dt (t0 ) = lim γ(t)−γ(t0 )
    t−t0
    t→t0

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