15. PROBABILITY Question 1. Two dice are numbered 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 1,2,2,3,3,4 respectively. They are thrown And the sum of numbers on them is noted, Find the probability of getting i) Sum 7 ii) sum is perfect square Question 2, A jar contains $4 marbles each of which is blue green or white. The probability of selecting a blue marble at random from the jar is 1/3 and probability of selecting a green marble at random is 4/9. How many white marbles are there in the jar? Question 3. A die is thrown twice. Find the probability that |) 5 may not come either time ii) Same number may not come on the die thrown two times. Question 4. Two customers Shy am and Ekta are visiting a particular shop in the same week (Tuesday to Saturday). Each is equally likely to visit the shop on any day as on another day. What is probability that both will visit the shop on i) same day _ii) consecutive day Question 5. Apurva throws two dice once and computes the product of numbers appearing on the dice. Pahe throws one die and squares the number appearing on the dice. Who has a better chance of getting the number 36? Question 6. Arjun draws card from 2 well shuffled deck of playing cards. Find the probability of getting i) a jack of red suit ii) Adiamond card ili) Sor 9 of club Question 7. Two dice are thrown at the same time what is the probability that the sum of two numbers appearing on the top will be as follows. Complete the table Sumontwo ]2 |3 |4 |5 6 7 |s |9 [2 ii [iz dice Probability | 1/36 5/36 1/36 A student argues that there are 11 possible outcomes therefore each of them has a probability 1/11. Do you agree with this argument? Question 8. A bag contains x numbers of black marbles and some white marbles and a number of white marbles are 2 more than half of the biack marbles. If total numbers of marbles are 14 find the probability of a black and also a white marble. (Hint: x + (x/2) +2 =1) Question 9, 17 cards numbered 1, 2, 3y.n.16,17 are put in a box and mixed thoroughly. One person draws a card from the box. find the probability that the number in the card isi) an odd number ii) a prime number iii} divisible by 3 Question 10. A box contains cards bearing numbers from 6 to 70, If one card is drawn at random from the box, find the probability that it bears i) an odd number less than 30. ii) a composite number between 50 and 70. Question 11, In a musical game, the person playing music has been advised to stop playing the music at any time within 2 minutes after she starts playing. What is the probability that the music will stop within the first half- minute after starting?Question 12, A jar contains 24 marbles, some are green and others are blue. if a marble is drawn at random from the jar, the probability that it is green is 2/3. Find the number of blue balls in the jer. Question 13 If 65% of the population have black eyes, 25% have brown eyes and the remaining have blue eyes. What is the probability that a person selected at random has i) Blue eyes ii) Brown or black eyes iii) Blue or black eyes. Question 14. A child’s game has 8 triangles of which 3 are blue and rest are red, and 10 squares of which 6 are blue and rest are red. One piece is last at random. Find the probability that it is ai) triangle ii) square ill) triangle of red colour Question 15.Red queens and black jacks are removed from a pack of 52 playing cards. A card is drawn at random from the remaining cards, after reshuffling them. Find the probability that the drawn card isi) a king fi) of red colour iii)afacecard iv) aqueen Question 16. A piggy bank contains hundred 50 p coins, fifty 1-rupee coins, twenty 2-rupee coins and ten 5- rupee coins. If it is equally likely that one of the coins will fall out when the bank is turned upside down, find the probability that the coin which fell i) will be of value more than 1 rupee ii) will be of value less than 5 rupees. Question 17, Cards marked with numbers 2 to 201 are placed in a box and mixed thoroughly. One card is drawn from this box. Find the probability that the number on the card is: i) 2 prime number less than 20 ii) a number which is @ perfect square, Question 18. A box contains § red marbles, 8 white and 4 green marbles. One marble is taken out of the box at random. What is the probability that the marble taken out will be i) a red marble ii) not green? Question 19. A bag contains 12 balls, out of which x are white. i) if one ball is drawn at random, find the probability that it is a white ball. ii) if 6 more white balls are put in the bag, the probability of drawing a White ball is double than that in (i) find x. Question 20, An integer is chosen at random from the first two hundred digits. What is the probability that the integer chosen is divisible by 6 or 8? ANSWERS ‘Answer 1. When these dice are thrown then total possible outcomes are i) Sum of number = 7 favourable outcomes are (3,4) (4,3) , (4,3) ,(5,2) (5,2) , (6,1) i Probability that sum of numbers is 7 = 6/36 Le. % ii) Sum is a perfect square i.e. sum is 4 or 9 favourable outcomes are (1,3) ,(1,3) ,(2,2) (2,2),(5,4) (6,3) (6,3) =7P (sum isa perfect square) = 7/36 Answer 2 let number of blue marbles =B and number of green marble: Probability of getting blue marble = b/S4 (total number of marbles = 54) 8/S4= 1/3 on solving this we get b= 18 Similarly, probability of getting green marble = g/ 54 According to question (g/54) = 4/9 on solving this we get g = 24 Since total marbles are 54 hence number of white marbles = $4-(24+18) =12 Answer 3. Total possible outcome = 36 Favourable outcome that 5 will not come either time will be (1,1) (1,2)(1,3) times Probability that 5 will not come either time =25/36 ii) Probability of getting same number on both cards (1, 1) (2, 2) (3, 3) (4, 4) (5,5) (6,6) ie. =6/36 So, probability of not getting same number on both cards = 1-(1/5) = 5/6 Answer 4 Total number of days from Tuesday to Saturday = 5 Hence total number of ways both can reach shop = 25, Possible combinations to reach shop are (Tuesday, Tuesday] (Wednesday, Wednesday)(Thursday, Thursday) (Friday, Friday) (Saturday, Saturday) Probability of reaching on same day = 5/25 ii) Number of combinations of consecutive days (Tuesday, Wednesday) (Wednesday, Thursday) (Wednesday, Tuesday) (Wednesday, Thursday) hence we will get 8 combination Probability of reaching on consecutive days= 8/25 Answer 5. Apoorva throws two dice so total outcome = 36 Number of outcomes for getting 36 n(E] = 1 (6x6) So, probability of getting 36 for Apoorva = 1/36 Pihu throws one dice so total number of outcomes for pihu = 6 Number of outcomes for getting square of number 36 n(E] = 1 (square of 6 = 36) So probability for getting square of number is 36 = 1/6 Hence Pihu has better chance to get number 36‘Answer 6. |) Number of jacks of red suit in the deck = 2 Total number of cards = 52 so probability of getting king = 2/2 ii) Number of diamond card in the deck = 13, So, probability of getting a diamond card= 13/52 ill) Probability for § or 9 of club = 2/52 Answer 7. Total possible outcome =36 Probability for getting 3 = 2/36 Probability for getting sum 4 = 3/36 Probability for gettingS = 4/36 Probability for getting sum 6 5/36 Probability for getting sum 7 6/36 Probability for getting sum 8 5/36 Probability for getting sum 9 4/36 Probability for getting sum 10 3/36 Probability for getting sum 11 2/36 Probability for getting sum 12 1/36 No, I do not agree with the argument as the result shows above. Answer 8. X+(x/2)+2=14 (3x/2) = 14-2 x=8 Probability of getting a black marble = 8/14 Probability of getting a white marble= 3/7 Answer § Total number of cards =17 i) Odd numbered cards = 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17 Possible outcomes = 9 so, probability of getting odd numbered card= 9/17 ii) Prime numbered cards= 2,3,5,7,11,13,17 = 7 cards So, probability of getting prime numbered card = 7/17 ili) Number divisible by 3 = 3,6,9,12,15 i.e, 5 Hence probability of getting card with number divisible by 3 = 5/17 ‘Answer 10: i) cards with an odd number less than 30 are —7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29 Total number of outcomes = 65 (from 6 to 70) Total favourable outcome = 12 So, probability of a card with odd number = 12/65 ii) Cards with composite number between 50 and 70 are. 51,52,54,55,56,57,58,60,62,63,64, 65,66,68,69 (i.e,, 15 cards) Total number of cards = 65 So, probability of getting a composite number = 15/65 l.e., 3/13 Ce ee — Let E be event that the music is stopped within the first half minute The outcome favourable to E are on the number line from 0 to % The distance from 0 to 2 is 2 while distance from Oto 4 is % Since all events are equally likely so total distance =2 and Distance favourable to the event is % P(E) = (4/2 PLE} a Answer 12. Let number of green balls be x so number of blue balls will be = 24-x Probability of getting green ball = x/24 According to question x/24= 2/3 K=16 Hence number of blue balls = 24-16 = 8 ‘Answer 13. Let total number of eyes be = 100 No. of black eyes = 65, no. of brown eyes = 25 Remaining are blue eyes = 100- (65+25) = 10 Probability of getting blue eyes = 10/100 ie., 1/10 Probability of getting brown or black eyes = 90/100 i.e., 9/10 Probability of getting blue or brown eyes = 75/100 i.e., %‘Answer 14, Total number of pieces = 8+ 10 =18 i) No. of triangles = 8 hence probability of getting triangle =8/18 =4/9 ii) No, of squares = 10 hence P( square is lost) = 10/18 = 5/9 ili) no. of triangles of red colour = 8-3 =5 So, P (triangle of red colour is lost) = 5/18 ‘Answer 15. Number of cards removed = 2 red queens + 2 black jacks = 4 cards Total number of remaining cards = 52- 4 = 48 i) There are 4 kings in remaining cards Hence probability of getting a king = 4/48 i.e. 1/12 ii) after removing 2 red queens, 24 red cards are left hence Probability of getting red colour card = 24/48 ie. 1/2 lil) After removing 2 red queens and 2 black jacks 8 face cards are left hence Probability of getting a face card = 8/48 i.e. 1/6 iv) Only 2 black queens are left hence Probability of getting a queen = 2/48 i.e. 1/12 Answer 16. Favourable outcome for value more than 1 rupe Total number of coins = 180 Probability of falling a coin of value more than 1= 30/180 i) Favourable outcome for value less than 5 rupees = 170 Probability of falling a coin value less than 5 rupees = 170/180 i.e., 17/18 Answer 17 i) those numbers from 2 to 201 which are perfect square are 4,9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, i.e. 9 cards marked with numbers perfect Square Favourable outcome =9 Total outcome = 100 so probability of getting 2 perfect square number = 9/100 Prime numbers less than 20 are 2,3,5,7,11,13,17 and 19/.e., 8 cardsFavourable outcome = 8 and total outcome = 100 ‘So, probability of getting card with prime number = 8/100 i.e., 2/25 Answer 18. Total number of outcomes = 5+8+4 = 17 Number of red marbles = § Probability of getting red marble = 5/17 li) Probability of getting green marble = 4/17 Probability of getting not green marble = 1.(4/17) 1.e., 13/17 Answer 19 Total balls = 12 |, let white balls be x Probability of getting white ball = x/12 IF 6 more balls are put into bag now total ball White balls are = 64x ii) Probability of getting white balls = (x+6)/18 ‘According to question (x+6}/18 = 2(x/12) on solving this we get x =3 Answer 20. Multiple of 6 first 200 integers: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48.... 198 Multiple of 8 first 200 integers: 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56. 200 Number of multiple of 6 or 8= 50 Probability of getting integer multiple of 6 or 8= 50/200 = 1/4