Unit 1

AR8703
SPECIFICATION, ESTIMATION
AND VALUATION
By,
Ar.SHAKTHI K., M.ARCH
UNIT I SPECIFICATION AND SPECIFICATION
WRITING
 SYLABBUS Necessity of specification, importance of specification, - How to write specification, - Types
of Specification, -Principles of Specification writing, - Important aspects of the design of specification
 – Sources of information – Classification of Specification
 . Brief Specification for1st class, 2nd class, 3rd class building. Detailed specification for earthwork
excavation, plain
cement concrete, reinforced
 concrete, first class and second class brickwork, damp proof course, ceramic tiles/marble flooring and
 dado, woodwork for doors, windows frames and shutters, cement plastering, painting & weathering
 course in terrace
SPECIFICATION - Definition
 Specification deals with the methods of execution, qualities of materials, nature of labour to be
employed, proportion in which materials are to be mixed, measurements of work done, etc.
 The information regarding the quality of materials and workmanship is conveyed in a separate
contract document which is known as the specifications for the work.
 It is intended that the combination of the drawings and specifications will completely define the
structure, physically as well as technically.
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 OBJECTIVES OF SPECIFICATION
 1. To define the quality of materials and workmanship, so that the contractor will be able to put
correct rates for the different items of work.
 2. It will serve as a guide to the contractor as well as the supervising staff during execution.
 3. To state the information which the engineer wants to convey so as to fulfill the needs of his
design. The specifications describe and limit the responsibilities of the owner and contractor.
NECESSITY OF SPECIFICATION
 i. The cost of a unit quantity of work is governed by its specifications.
 ii. Specification of a work is required to describe the quality and quantity of different materials
required for a construction work and is one of the essential contract documents.
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NECESSITY OF SPECIFICATION
 iii. This also specifies the workmanship and the method of doing the work. Thus specification of a
work serves as a guide to a supervising staff of a contractor as well as to the owner to execute
the work to their satisfaction.
 iv. A work is carried out according to its specification and the contractor is paid for the same. Any
change in specification changes the tendered rate.
 v. As the rate of work is based on the specification, a contractor can calculate the rates of various
items of works in tender with his procurement rates of materials and labour. Thus tender rate
without specification of works is baseless, incomplete and invalid.
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 NECESSITY OF SPECIFICATION
 Specification is necessary to specify the equipment, tools and plants to be engaged for a work
and thus enables to procure them beforehand.
 vii. The necessity of specification is to verify and check the strength of materials for a work
involved in a project.
 viii. Specification is an essential contract document and is required for Arbitration or court cases.
 IMPORTANCE OF SPECIFICATION
 The drawings and specifications contract form two important contract documents.
 The provisions in the specifications are given more legal strength. In case of discrepancy
between drawings and specifications, the provisions of the specifications shall govern.
 The specifications serve as the best guide to the contractor and his sub-contractors, material
suppliers and architect's or owner's site supervisors. It also serves as a useful legal document in
case of disputes between the owner and the contractor.
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 HOW TO WRITE SPECIFICATION

 While writing specification the following principles shall be adopted.
 (a) Description of materials: The quality and size of materials required to do an item of work shall be fully
described for checking up at site according to the bindings provided in the specification. The proportion
of mixing or treatment of materials if required before use shall be clearly described.
 (b) Workmanship: Complete description of workmanship, the method of mixing to the proportion, the
method of laying, preparation of base or surface, compaction, finishing and curing, etc, specifically
applicable to the item of work shall be clearly stated in different clauses.
 (c) Tools and plants: The tools and plants to be engaged to carry out a work shall be described. The
method of operation and by whom to be supplied shall be stated.
 (d) Protection of new work: The method of protection of new works against damage or the method of
curing if required, the test of completed work if necessary shall be described in separate clauses.
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 HOW TO WRITE SPECIFICATION

 While writing specification the following principles shall be adopted.
 ((e) Expression: While writing a specification endeavor shall be made to express the requirements of the
specification clearly and in concise from avoiding repetition and unusual words. The style of tense shall
remain throughout. The sentence shall be short, simple and concise.
 (f) Clauses of the specifications: As far as possible, the clauses shall be arranged in the order in which
work shall be carried out. While framing clauses for quality of materials, workmanship, tools and plants,
etc practical possibilities shall be realized. Abbreviations which are familiar can be used.
 Specification depend upon the site conditions, the nature of work and the purpose for which the work is
carried out. It is only through practice we will acquire the necessary skill to write well phrased clauses.
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 TYPES OF SPECIFICATIONS
 Are broadly divided into two categories:
 1) General specifications
 2) Detailed specifications.
 1. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
 The quantity surveyor write down the brief description of every item, which are known as general
or brief specifications. These do not form part of contract document and is useful to the person
preparing the estimate of the work.
 2. DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS
 It forms a part of the contract document and they are divided into three groups as follows:
 i) General Provisions
 ii) Technical Provisions
 iii) Standard Specifications

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 2. DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS
 General Provisions
 Also known as conditions of contract and they apply to the work as a whole and the conditions
governing the contract are written.
 Technical Provisions
 Describe the technical requirements of each type of construction and also provide for the
inspection and tests during construction.
 (a) Specifications for materials and workmanship
 (b) Specifications for performance
 (c) Specifications for proprietary commodities
 For Specification of materials, the following properties such as physical properties, chemical
composition, electrical, thermal and acoustical properties, appearance, protection required during
transportation, handling, etc, are required. .
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 Technical Provisions
 For Specification of materials, the following properties such as physical properties, chemical
composition, electrical, thermal and acoustical properties, appearance, protection required during
transportation, handling, etc, are required. .
 For Workmanship, the results desired should be specified, description of construction method for
each item, instruction regarding the protection of the finished goods are important.
 For Specification of performance, they are written for equipment and machinery such as pumps,
motors, etc. The principal features to be included are: General description, Design, Provision for
special equipment, Guarantee.
 For Specifications of Proprietary commodities, specifications include commercial products,

standardized or patented. (Name of a particular brand or firm)
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 Standard Specifications
It is possible to standardize the specifications for most of the items occurring in works of similar
nature. Each office develops its own standard specifications.
 Following points to be noted:
 i. Reference made to the standard specifications is really suitable to the particular work.
 ii. The blank spaces left, has to be suitably filled up.
 iii. Suitable additions, alterations, improvements or corrections should be noted so as to be

included for the next job.
 iv. For construction works in India P.W.D Handbook is treated as standard specifications.
 v. It should be periodically revised and its edition with date of issue, title, etc should invariably be
mentioned.
 vi. Every city has got its own building codes to suit the requirements of the locality, possible to
prescribe the specifications by law.
 vii. Advantages are many fold. Results in simplified field control, manufacturing cost reduced,
products improved due to research.
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 PRINCIPLES OF SPECIFICATION WRITING
1. Subject Matter: should relate to the information required.
 2. Grammar: All sentences shall comply with the rules of the grammar.
 3. Abbreviations: only well-known in the building industry to be used.
 4. Development of style: to present clear picture of facts.
 5. Selection of words: suitable words with desired meaning should be used
 6. Accuracy: information should be complete and correct.
 7. Conflicting requirements: no conflicts of any type result.
 8. Practical limits and commercial: sizes keep in view the practical limitations of materials and
workmanship.
 9. Clearness: Clear as far as possible - what the contractor shall or shall not do.
 10. Fairness: Be fair- not be framed so as to throw all the risks on the shoulders of the contractor.
 11. Brevity: Sentences should be short, simple and concise.

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 IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF THE DESIGN OF SPECIFICATION
 It should be designed rather than simply written or copied.
 1. Changes: The designer of a specification should be given an opportunity to observe the field
application of his specification. Such a procedure will help in increasing the knowledge of the
designer and he may utilize the knowledge, if found necessary, to change, to expand, to improve,
to modify or to strengthen his specification for future works.
 2. Clearness: The design of a specification should be such that it brings the limit of
misunderstandings and misinterpretations to a minimum. Such a design will naturally minimize
the chances of disputes.
 3. Co-operation: Specifications motive of co-operation between the engineer and the contractor.
The Engineer, with the help of a well-designed specification, can assist, encourage and guide the
contractor to achieve the desired end product. The Contractor, with the help of a well- designed
specification, can combine labor and materials to get the desired end product. Thus, a well-
designed specification would prove useful to both - the owner and the contractor.
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 It should be designed rather than simply written or copied.
 1. Changes: The designer of a specification should be given an opportunity to observe the field
application of his specification. Such a procedure will help in increasing the knowledge of the
designer and he may utilize the knowledge, if found necessary, to change, to expand, to improve,
to modify or to strengthen his specification for future works.
 2. Clearness: The design of a specification should be such that it brings the limit of
misunderstandings and misinterpretations to a minimum. Such a design will naturally minimize
the chances of disputes.
 3. Co-operation: Specifications motive of co-operation between the engineer and the contractor.
The Engineer, with the help of a well-designed specification, can assist, encourage and guide the
contractor to achieve the desired end product. The Contractor, with the help of a well- designed
specification, can combine labor and materials to get the desired end product. Thus, a well-
designed specification would prove useful to both - the owner and the contractor.
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 4. Cost: The initial cost of a well-designed specification may prove to be more. But it forms a
small fraction of the cost incurred in extra claims, delays, disputes and bad workmanship due to
poorly designed specifications.
 5. Designer: The specifications should be designed by competent persons, possessing wide

experience and high ability. If not, it results into copying of paragraphs from the existing
specification.
 6. Flexibility: The specifications should not be rigid. But they should be dynamic in nature and
should be adaptable to new inventions, to new ideas and to new methods of construction.
 7. Product control: A well-designed specification aims at product control by the available

equipment of the contractor. The advantages of product control are: Fewer samples for testing,
reduced costs, early completion and uniform work.
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SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Main sources of information can be gathered or obtained as follows:
 1. Contract Drawings: Drawing prepared in the initial stages contain useful details.
 2. Previous specification: Specification of the executed or under execution jobs.
 3. Requirement of owner: Owner's requirement
 4. Site investigation: Specification include the fullest information for the existing site conditions -
extent of site clearance work, soil conditions, etc.
 5. Standard specifications: Reference can be made to the relevant standard specifications.
 6. Trade Catalogue: Reference can be made to the catalogues.

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 CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIFICATION
 I. Open specifications
 II. Restricted specifications
 III. Closed specifications.
 I. OPEN SPECIFICATIONS
 It gives the physical and chemical properties of the materials, the tests it must comply.
 It is used for public works and lays down minimum standards which can easily be fulfilled by
several manufacturers.
 Advantages:
 a) Suitable for basic materials- cement, steel, sand, etc.
 b) Provide an atmosphere for a true competitive market- Result into a lower cost.
 Disadvantages:
 a) Checking and Testing may prove to be time consuming.
 b) It may result into losing a firm control over the quality of the products.
 c) It effects on the design of the architect.
 d) Those specifications are lengthy in nature and hence architect to spend his valuable time in
framing the same
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 CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIFICATION
 II. RESTRICTED SPECIFICATIONS
 The material is described the choice of the contractor is limited to two or more manufacturers or
distributors.
 It promotes competition among the manufacturers to get their product included in the approved
list and maintain quality at reasonable price.
 III. CLOSED SPECIFICATIONS
 The material or product is designated by a trade name mentioning catalogue number,
manufacturer and sometimes a particular distributor. It results in avoiding the competition and
increasing the cost. The material chosen has stood the best of time and has proved the
adoptability in respect of quality and price both.
 Advantages:
 a) Architect can complete the drawing before the tenders are invited.
 b) Owner has a choice of the material he prefers and enjoy the special features of a particular
product.
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SPECIFICATIONWRITING
BRIEF SPECIFICATION FOR 1st CLASS, 2nd CLASS, 3rd CLASS BUILDING
 1. BRIEF/GENERAL SPECIFICATION OF A FIRST CLASS BUILDING:
 (a) Foundation and plinth: Brickwork in foundation and plinth shall be of first class brick in cement or lime
mortar over cement or lime concrete.
 (b) Filling: Foundation trenches and plinth shall be filled up with local sand.
 (c) Damp proof course: D.P.C shall be 2.5cm thick cement concrete or 2 cm thick cement mortar with
5% puddle by weight of cement or other standard water-proofing material.
 (d) Superstructure: Superstructure shall be of first class brickwork in cement mortar.
 (e) Roofing: The roof shall be 10 cm average thick lime terracing over it.
 (f) Flooring: Mosaic flooring shall be provided in all floors including staircase.
 (g) Finishing: Inside and outside shall be 12mm thick cement plastered. The inside of drawing, dining
and bedooms shall be distempered and remaining portions whie-washed three coats. The outside shall
be two coats decorative waterproof cement coating. Wall surface of lavatory shall be covered with
glazed tiles upto the top level of door.
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 1. BRIEF/GENERAL SPECIFICATION OF A FIRST CLASS BUILDING:
 (h) Doors and Windows: Doors and windows frames shall be of seasoned teak wood and shutters of
3cm thick teak wood panelling. Brass fittings shall be provided. Doors and windows shall be varnished
with French polish.
 (i) Miscellaneous: Rain water pipes shall be of Asbestos cement or cast-iron, finished with paint. All
sanitary, water supply and electrical fittings shall be of first class materials.
 3cm thick teak wood panelling. Brass fittings shall be provided. Doors and windows shall be varnished
with French polish.
 (i) Miscellaneous: Rain water pipes shall be of Asbestos cement or cast-iron, finished with paint. All
sanitary, water supply and electrical fittings shall be of first class materials.
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2. BRIEF/GENERAL SPECIFICATION OF A SECOND CLASS BUILDING:
 (a) Foundation and plinth: Brickwork in foundation and plinth shall be of first class brick with lime
mortar over lime concrete.
 (b) Filling: Foundation trenches and plinth shall be filled up with earth.
 (c) Damp proof course: D.P.C shall be 2 cm thick cement concrete with 5% pudlo by weight of
cement or other standard water-proofing material.
 (d) Superstructure: Superstructure shall be of second class brickwork in mud mortar.
 (e) Roofing: The roof shall be flat terraced roof or R.B roof.
 (f) Flooring: The flooring shall be 2.5 cm cement concrete over 7.5cm lime concrete.
 (g) Finishing: The inside walls shall be plastered with lime or cement mortar, ouside walls shall be
pointed or plastered with lime or cement mortar. Inside shall be white washed three coats and
outside colour - washed two coats over one coat of white-wash.
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2. BRIEF/GENERAL SPECIFICATION OF A SECOND CLASS BUILDING:
 (h) Doors and Windows: Doors and windows frames shall be of seasoned teak wood and shutters
of 4.5cm shisham or deodar wood panelled. They shall be fiited with iron fittings. Doors and
windows shall be painted withtwo coats.
 (i) Miscellaneous: Rain water pipes shall be of cast-iron. Electrification, sanitary and water supply
fittings shall be of class B-type.
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2. BRIEF/GENERAL SPECIFICATION OF A THIRD CLASS BUILDING:
 (a) Foundation and plinth: Foundation and plinth shall be 2nd class brickwork in lime mortar over
lime concrete.
 (b) Damp proof course: Damp proof course shall be 2cm thick cement mortar 1:2 mixed with
standard water proofing compound.
 (c) Superstructure: Superstructure shall be of second class brickwork in mud mortar. Doors and
windows opening shall be provided with arches of 2nd class brickwork in lime mortar or with
wooden planks.
 (d) Roofing: Roofing shall be of mud over tile or bricks or planks over wooden beam or of tile or
G.I. sheet or A.C. sheet sloping roof.
 (e) Flooring: Flooring shall be of brick-on-edge floor over well rammed earth.
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2. BRIEF/GENERAL SPECIFICATION OF A THIRD CLASS BUILDING:
 (f) Finishing: Inside and outside walls shall be plastered with lime mortar and white wash three
coats.
 (g) Doors and windows: Chaukhat shall be of salwood and shutters of chir mango or other
country wood. Doors and windows shall be painted two coat with ordinary paint over one coat of
priming.
 .
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 1. SPECIFICATIONS FOR EARTHWORK EXCAVATION:

 TYPICAL DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS:
 Starting of work – Workmanship – Excavated Material – Protection to existing services –
Measurement – what the rate includes.
 Starting of work: The excavation for the foundation trenches shall be carried out in all sorts of
soils as per plan and lining approved at site.
 Workmanship: The sides of the foundation trenches shall be truly vertical and bottom shall be
uniformly leveled.
 Excavated Material: The excavated material shall be stacked away from the sides of the trenches
of the excavation by at least 2 metres. The excavated material shall be filled in the plinth in layers
of 30 cm and well-watered. The surplus excavated materials shall be spread out uniformly upto a
lead of 100 metres.
 Protection to existing services: All the existing services such as water pipes, sewers, electric
cables, etc which are met with in foundation trenches shall be carefully supported and protected
by the contractor as per instructions of the Engineer.
 Measurement: The excavation shall be measured as per exact length and width of the lowest
step of footings according to drawing or the engineer’s instructions. The depth of the trenches
shall be measured vertically from the average ground level taken at site before starting the work.
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 TYPICAL DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS:

 2. SPECIFICATIONS FOR PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE (P.C.C):
 Materials Specifications
 Aggregate shall be of invert materials and should be clean, dense, hard, sound, durable, non-
absorbent and capable of developing good bond with mortar.
 Coarse aggregate shall be of hard broken stone of granite or similar stone, free from dust, dirt
and other foreign matters. The stone ballast shall be of 20mm size and smaller. All the coarse
material should be retained in a 5mm square mesh and should be well graded such that the voids
do not exceed 42%.
 Fine aggregate shall be of coarse sand consisting of hard, sharp and angular grains and shall
pass through a screen of 5mm square mesh. Sand shall be of standard specifications, clean and
free from dust, dirt and organic matter. Sea sand shall not be used.
 Cement shall be fresh Portland cement of standard ISI specifications and shall have the required
tensile and compressive stresses and fineness.
 Water shall be clean and free from alkaline and acid matters and suitable for drinking purposes.
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 Proportion Specifications
 1:2:4 (cement : sand : stone ballast) by volume when specified. Minimum compressive strength of
concrete of 1:2:4 proportion shall be 140 kg/cm2 in 7 days.
 Hand mixing: Mixing shall be done on masonry platform or sheet iron tray.
 Machine mixing : Stone ballast, sand and cement shall be put into cement concrete mixer to have
the required proportions.
 Slump: Regular slump test should be carried out to control the addition of water and to maintain
the required consistency. A slump of 7.5cm to 10cm may be allowed for building work.
 Formwork: Formwork centering and shuttering shall be provided as required as per the standard
specification before laying concrete to confine to support or to keep the concrete in position. The
inner surface of shuttering shall be oiled to prevent concrete sticking to it.
 Laying Technique: Concrete shall be laid gently (not thrown) in layers not exceeding 15cm and
compacted by pinning with rods and tamping with wooden tampers or with mechanical vibrating
machine until a dense concrete is obtained.
 Curing Method: After about two hours of laying of concrete, when the concrete has begun to
harden, it shall be kept damp by covering with wet gunny bags or wet sand for 24 hours.
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 3. SPECIFICATIONS FOR REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE (R.C.C):

 Proportion – cement - fine aggregate – coarse aggregate – water – reinforcement – centering –
mixing – laying and curing – finishing of exposed surfaces.
 Proportion: The proportion of cement concrete shall be (1:2:4) one part of cement, two parts of
sand and four parts of aggregates by volume.
 Cement: The cement to be used in this work shall comply with the standard requirements.
 Fine Aggregate: The sand to be used shall be clean and coarse shall be free from any organic or
vegetable matter. The sand shall be washed if there is any trace of earth in it.
 Coarse Aggregate: The coarse aggregate shall consist of 67% of black trap metal (known as
kapachi) varying in size from 20mm to 40mm and 33% of black trap metal (known as grit) varying
in size from 20mm to 6mm. The coarse aggregate shall be clean free from impurities such as
earth, coal dust and organic materials.
 Water: The water to be used in concrete work shall be clean and fresh.
 Reinforcement: Reinforcement bars shall comply with the standard requirements specified by the
engineer and care should be taken while packing concrete around them.
 Centering: The centering for the concrete work shall be sufficiently strong and rigid and in good
condition so as to get a smooth finish. The material for formwork shall be timber or steel plates or
plywood planks or any other material as approved by the Engineer.The props shall be of timber
bullies and the spacing of it shall be not less than 120cm centre to centre.
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 3. SPECIFICATIONS FOR REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE (R.C.C):

 The bullies shall be supproted at the base by 40mm thick wooden plate of area not less than 0.10
sq.m. Necessary wedges to be provided before and during the casting of concrete. The
arrangement of formwork shall be in such that it can be removed in parts without damaging the
adjoining forms. The surface of the formwork shall be oiled before placing of concrete
 Mixing: The mixing of concrete shall be done in a mechanical mixer or by hand operations
depending on the quantity of the concrete. The mixing drum shall be turned for 1.5 minutes after
all the ingredients are added and the drum shall be completely emptied every time. The concrete
from the drum shall be placed in a water-tight platform.
 Laying and Curing: Before starting laying of concrete in position, the centering shall be well-
watered. The concrete shall be laid in forms and tapped in such a way that no honeycomb
surface appears on removal of the forms. All edges and corners of the concrte surface shall
remain unbroken, sharp and straight in line. The cement concrete shall be kept well-watered for
atleast 20 days.
 Finishing of Exposed surfaces: All exposed surfaces of the concrete shall be finished with 12mm
thick cement plaster of sagol finish and three coats of white or colour wash shall be applied on
these exposed surfaces of concrete.
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 4. SPECIFICATIONS FOR BRICKWORK FIRST (I) CLASS IN c:m (1:6):

 Properties of bricks - soaking in water - mortar - workmanship - measurement - scaffolding- Use.
 Properties: The brick shall be table-moulded, well-burnt in approved kiln, copper-coloured, free
from cracks and with sharp and square edges. The bricks shall be uniform in shape and shall be
of standard size and shall give clear ringing sound when struck with each other. The bricks shall
not absorb water more than 1/5th of their weight after one hour of soaking in water. Bricks shall
have crushing strength of 10.5 N/mm2.
Soking in water: The bricks shall be well-soked in water for atleast 12 hours before their use,
preferably in a water tank provided at site of work.
 Mortar: The proportion of mortar shall be one portion of cement and six parts of sand by volume.
The cement shall be of standard quality. The sand shall be clean and coarse. The cement mortar
shall be prepared in required quantity shall be consumed within half an hour after mixing. The
mortar mixing shall be done on a water-tight platform.
 Workmanship: The broken bricks shall not be used except as closers. All corners shall be truly in
plumb and sides shall be in line and level. The mortar joints in bonding shall not exceed 10mm in
thickness. Selected best shaped bricks shall be used for face work. Bricks shall be laid with frogs
uppermost except in the topcourse where frogs shall be placed downward . The brickwork shall
not be carried out more than 1m height at a time. All joints shall be raked and faces of wall shall
be cleaned at the end of each day's work. The work shall be well-watred for atleast 15 days. All
brickwork shall be carried out in such a way that no portion is raised unduly above another.
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 4. SPECIFICATIONS FOR BRICKWORK FIRST (I) CLASS IN c:m (1:6):
 Measurement: The length and height shall be measured as on at site. The thickness of walls shall
be paid for as 1 brick or 1 1/2, 2 bricks or so on.
 Scaffolding: To facilitate the construction necessary and suitable scaffolding shall be provided.
The rate for brickwork includes the necessary scaffolding also.
 Use: They are used for the exterior wall brick works, short columns and arches.
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 5. SPECIFICATIONS FOR BRICKWORK SECOND (II) CLASS IN c:m (1:6):
 Properties of bricks which are to be ground-moulded and burnt in kiln- soaking in water - mortar -
workmanship, mortar joints not to exceed 12mm in thickness - measurement - scaffolding- Use.
 ***(Similar to I class brickwork, specifications vary a little)
 Specifications:
 (1) Slightly uneven faces and edges with tolerance in dimensions +-8%
 (2) Uniform colored but may be slightly over burnt.
 (3) High crushing strength, not less than 7 N/mm2
 (4) Hand moulded
 (5) Efflorescence- Little
 (6) Water absorption less than 20%.
 USE: They are used for internal walls and compound walls.
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 6. SPECIFICATIONS FOR BRICKWORK THIRD (III) CLASS IN c:m (1:6):

 Properties of bricks which are to be ground-moulded and burnt in clamps - soaking in water -
mortar - workmanship, mortar joints not to exceed 12mm in thickness - measurement -
scaffolding- Use.
 Specifications:
 (1) May be distorted with blunt edges.
 (2) Over burnt or under burnt and non uniform color.
 (3) High crushing strength, not less than 3.5N/mm2
 (4) Hand moulded
 (5) Efflorescence- Large
 (6) Water absorption less than 25%.
 USES: They are used for flooring, paving, small brick foundations and brick bat lime
concrete(B.B.L.C.).
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 7. SPECIFICATIONS FOR DAMP PROOF COURSE (D.P.C):
 Proportion - Coarse aggregate - Fine Aggregate - Cement - water-proofing compound - mixing -

preparation of base - laying - curing.
 Proportion: The proportion of damp proof course of cement concrete shall be (1:2:4) i.e., one part
of cement, two parts of sand and four parts of coarse aggregates or (1:11/2:3). The thickness of
d.p.c shall be 25mm to 40mm.
 Coarse aggregate: The coarse aggregate shall be clean, hard, dense and free from impurities
such as earth, coal, dust and other organic materials. The size shall vary from 12mm to 6mm.
 Fine aggregate: The fine aggregate i.e., sand to be used shall be clean and coarse of average
5mm size and shall be free from any organic or vegetable matter.
 Cement: The cement to be used shall be fresh and shall comply with the standard requirements.
 Water-proofing compound: The water-proofing compound to be used shall be of standard

specifications. The water to be used shall be clean and fresh.
WRITING
 Proportion - Coarse aggregate - Fine Aggregate - Cement - water-proofing compound - mixing -

preparation of base - laying - curing.
 Mixing: The mixing of all the materials in their required volume shall be carried out on a clean and
solid platform. Dry coarse aggregates shall be stacked evenly on the platform. Sand and cement
in their required proprtion shall be mixed dry till of uniform colour and then this mixture shall be
spread over the stacke coarse aggregate. The materials shall be turned over once without adding
water and shall be turned over for atleast three times after adding required quantity of water
gradually and slowly to give a uniform concrete. Water-proofing compound in proportion as
specified shall then be added and mixed with concrete to make it water-poof.
WRITING

WRITING
 Preparation of base: The base where d.p.c is to be laid shall be constructed with bricks on edge
or with frogs of the bricks down. The top of the plinth bed over which d.p.c is to be placed shall be
thoroughly cleaned with a steel brush, washed and wetted before laying d.p.c.
 Laying: D.p.c shall be laid to the full width of the plinth or superstructure as mentioned in the
drawing or tender. It shall be laid to the specific thickness over the plinth wall flush with the floor
surface and shall not be carried across the doorways or such other openings. It shall be properly
consolidated by tamping and levelled horizontally as well as vertically. Laying of d.p.c shall be
completed on the same day. The joints shall be given at the openings. The concrete surface shall
be roughened and chequered when air dry to impart proper bondage with bickwork above.
 Curing: The work shall be kept well-watered for atleast 7 days after laying, if there is no
commencement of further brickwork. In no case, brickwork shall be commenced unless the fresh
work has been flooded with water for atleast 48 hours.
WRITING
 8. SPECIFICATIONS FOR TILING (VITRIFIED/CERAMIC):
 Tiles: The tile material for Glazed/Non-glazed Vitrified Porcelain(Granite Viglacera-Vietnam,

Portebello- Brazil or equivalent make) /Glazed/Non-glazed Ceramic tiles (Somany, Kajaria or
equivalentmake), shall confirm to IS:777 (respective IS standards) or Equivalent approved by the
Engineer. The tiles shall be of approved colour, size and shape or as shown in the drawings and
shall be laid to the pattern approved by the Engineer. The tiles shall be of uniform colour, true to
size and shape and free from cracks, twists, uneven edges, crazing and other defects.The size
and thickness of the tiles shall be as specified. The contractor shall submit samples of tile for
selection and approval by the Engineer In-charge and all tiles delivered to the site shall conform
to the approved samples with regard to size, quality, texture and colour.
 Mixing: Mixing shall be done as per specification for mortar mixing of brick masonry work
 Preparation of Surface and installation: Wall surfaces shall be brushed cleaned and wetted. Prior
to installing any tile, the Contractor shall inspect surface and conditions in areas to receive tile
work and shall notify the Engineer of any serious defects or conditions that will interfere with or
prevent a satisfactory tile installation and shall coordinate with other traders of work.
WRITING
 8. SPECIFICATIONS FOR TILING (VITRIFIED/CERAMIC):
 Approximately 12 mm thick level and plumb, scratch coat of cement mortar 1:4 or as specified by
site engineer shall be applied. The scratch coat shall be moist cured for at least 24 hours before
application of floating coat.
 Before applying floating coat the scratch coat shall be thoroughly wetted. The floating coat,
plastic mix of neat cement of approximately 3 mm thickness shall be applied even with screeds to
true plane. .
 Floating coat shall be applied over areas no larger than can be covered with tile while the mortar
is still plastic (half set).
 Glazed tile shall be soaked, completely immersed in clean water at least 30 minutes and drained.
Individual tile that exhibits drying along edges shall be allowed to remain on the backs of tile at
the time of setting.
 Tiles shall be installed by applying a skin coat of a plastic mix of neat cement to backs of tile and
firmly pressing tile into the floating coat to true plane and position. White cement shall be used for
the skin coat where white joints are required.
WRITING
 During the process of setting tiles, continuous horizontal and vertical cuts every 40cm to 60 cm
shall be made through the floating coat while plastic, using the point of a trowel turned edge wise,
Care shall be taken to prevent cutting into the scratch coat.
 Where full size tile cannot be laid, it shall be cut (sawn) to required size and edges rubbed
smooth to ensure a true and straight joint.
 All tile work finishing shall be adequately protected from damage during the progress of
construction and any damage shall be repaired to the satisfaction of the Engineer at the
Contractor's expense.
 Joints in Tile Work: Joints in tile work shall be accurately aligned with horizontal joints level and
vertical joints plumb. Joints shall be maintained uniformly wide by aligning spacer lugs on tile
edges if tiles are so manufactured or by use of wetted strings.
WRITING
 Tile Layout: Tiles shall be laid out in such a way that no tile less than half size occurs. Where tile
must be cut at edges or penetrated the cut edges shall be carefully filed and neatly ground.
Chipped, cracked or broken tile shall not be used and all defective work shall be replaced and
repaired to the satisfaction of the Engineer at the Contractor's expense.
 Grouting the Tile Joints: After tiles have been set firm and strings removed, the tiles shall be
dampened and joints grouted full with a plastic mix of neat cement by trowel, brush or finger
application. Unless otherwise directed, grout shall be white cement. During grouting all excess
grout shall be cleaned off the tile surface with damp cloth sponges.
 The finished floor surface shall be true to required levels. All tile work finishing shall be
adequately protected from damage during the progress of construction till completion and any
damage shall be repaired to the satisfaction of the Engineer at the Contractor's expense.
 Upon completion prior to final inspection and acceptance, the Contractor shall clean all tile work.
Acids or agents liable to damage the work shall be avoided. If tile surface show mass scratches,
crack or other imperfections, which cannot be removed by cleaning; the Contractor shall remove
the defective material and replace with new material at no additional expense. Sample of
workmanship and tile grout proposed (silicone) shall be approved prior to execution of work
 Measurement : The measurement shall be in square meters of the work done including the
setting mortar. The rate shall be for the material and labour, all complete.
WRITING
 9. SPECIFICATIONS FOR MARBLE FLOORING AND DADOO:

 Marble stone: Marble shall be of good quality having smooth, hard surface, regular in shape, size
and of uniform thickness, of good appearance, and of sharp and square edges. It shall be free
from cracks and other defects. Marble stone of uniform size with more than 45cm and the
minimum length of 1200mm to fit in the counter and floor, may be from Godavari Marble factory
(polished of minimum size 600mmx600mm) or Rajasthani (Indian) Marble equivalent conforming
to IS 1130 – latest Revision or BS specification or as approved by the engineer.
 No small marble will be allowed except in the thin wall or skirting or the edges or unless specified
by engineer. The marble must be backed with the nylon grip net. The marble shall be of minimum
thickness of 20mm. The colour shall be as per the instruction of engineer or drawings. Sample of
marble stone to be used shall be submitted to the Project manager and his approval should be
taken before the bulk purchase. All the marble stone supplied shall conform to the approved
sample in all respect.
 Proportion: Base Course: 1 part cement; 2 parts sand and mixing shall be done as per
specification for mortar mixing of brick masonry work.
 Dressing: Each marble stone slab shall be machine cut to required size and shape as specified in
the drawing and as instructed by engineer. All angles and edges of the marble slabs shall be true
and square and free from chippings and the surface shall be true and plane. The thickness of the
stone shall be as specified in the drawing. No tolerance shall be allowed for thickness.
 Marble stone: Marble shall be of good quality having smooth, hard surface, regular in shape, size
For flooring, the marble slabs shall be machine cut with good finish at edges and corners.
WRITING
 9. SPECIFICATIONS FOR MARBLE FLOORING AND DADOO:
 The contractor shall ensure that no chisel marks are visible on the surface of the stone before
fixing. Marbles with chisel marks or broken edges shall be rejected.
 Laying: The base shall be made rough and watered and given a cement wash and then the
mortar shall be laid in 20 mm thick layers as per instruction of Engineer. After laying mortar, it
should be levelled with wooden floats. Proper slope for draining wash water shall be provided as
per instruction of the Engineer. And over this, marble stone should be laid; the joints should not
be more than 3 mm. The joints should be painted with white cement slurry.
 Curing: After about two hours of laying, the surface shall be covered with wet bags and kept wet
and left undisturbed for two days.
 Finish: Finally, when the surface is absolutely dry, oxalic acid powder shall be rubbed well on the
surface with grinding machine with water, and this operation shall be repeated until the surface
becomes perfectly smooth and glossy. The surface shall be rubbed with wax to give a glazing
surface. White cement or colour cement shall be used in joint to have the required colour as per
specified or as per instruction of Engineer. Care shall be taken that the floor is not left slippery
and that ordinary wax is not used under any circumstances.
 If required by the Engineer, the grinding and polishing shall be done by grinding machine in 3
operations, first grinding with machine fitted with coarse Carborundum stone, second grinding
with medium grade Carborundum stone and final grinding with fine grade Carborundum stone.
 Measurement: Measurement shall be in square meter of exact length and breadth (length and
height in dado) of the floor. Rate shall include materials, mixing, laying, curing, finishing, grinding,
polishing and labour etc., all complete.
WRITING
 10. SPECIFICATIONS FOR WOOD WORK – DOORS, WINDOWS, FRAMES AND SHUTTERS:
 All wood work shall be planed neatly and truly finished to the exact dimensions. All joints shall be
neat and tight, truly and accurately fitted. Wall plates, purlins and rafter shall be painted 2 coats.
 All beams shall be bedded on (1:2:4) RCC beds of 10cm x 7.5cm x 4.5cm dimension with a
minimum of 15cm bearing or as specified in the drawing. All portion of timber in contact with
masonry shall have 6mm gap sides. All beams shall rest on bearing.
 Measurement of wood work shall be in volumes for the finished work, including fixing, sawing,
planning, joining, nails, screws etc. Wooden blocks/joints wherever specified may be measured in
number.
 DOOR AND WINDOWS
 A. Wooden frames: The contractor is to clear out and destroy or remove all cut and shavings and
other wood waste from all parts of the building and the site generally, as the work progress and at
the conclusion of the work.
 Carpentry: All carpentry shall be executed with workmanship of the best quality.Scantling and
boarding shall be accurately sawn and shall be of uniform width and thickness throughout. All
carpenter’s work shall be left with sawn surface except where particularly specified to be wrought.
 All carpenter’s work shall be accurately set out in strict accordance with the drawings and shall
be framed together and securely fixed in best possible manner with properly made joints. All
necessary brads, sheet metal screws, etc. shall be provided as directed and approved.
WRITING
WRITING
 Sizes of Doors
 The common width-height relations used: Width = 0.4 – 0.6 Height
 Height = (width +1.2)m
 General sizes used:
 a) Residential- External door – 1.0 x 2.0 to 1.1 x 2.0 m / Internal door - 0.9 x 2.0 to 1.0 x 2.0 m
 Bath & WC – 0.7 X 2.0 to 0.8 x 2.0 m / Garages for cars – 2.25 x 2.25 m to 2.40 x 2.25 m
 b) Public 1.2 x 2.0 m or 1.2 x 2.1 m or 1.2 x 2.25 m
 Designation of doors
 The size of an opening is indicated
 by number of modules
 where each module is of 100 mm.
 e.g. 10 DS 20 OR 10 DT 20
 Size of opening = 1000 x 2000 mm
D – Door opening
 S – Single shutter
 T – Double shutter
WRITING
 Joinery: All joints shall be accurately set out on boards to full size for the information and
guidance of the artisans before commencing the respective works, with all joints, iron work and
other works connected therewith fully delineated. Such setting out must be submitted to the
Engineer In-charge and approved before such respective works are commenced.
 All jointer’s work shall be cut out and framed together as soon after the commencement of the
building as is practicable, but is not to be wedged up or glued until the building is ready for fixing
same. Any portions that warp, wind or develop shakes or other defects within six months after
completion of the works shall be removed and new fixed in their place on contractor’s own
expense.
 All work shall be properly mortises, tenons, house, shouldered, dovetailed, notched, wedged,
pinned, braided, etc., as directed and to the satisfaction of the consultants and all properly glued
up with the best quality approved glue.
 Joints in joinery must be as specified or detailed, and so designed and secured as to resist or
compensate for any stresses to which they may be subjected. All nails, springs, etc. are to be
punched and puttied. Loose joints are to be made where provision must be made for shrinkage,
glued joints where shrinkage need not be considered and where sealed joints are required. Glue
for load-bearing joints or where conditions may be damp must be damp must be of the resin type.
For non-load-bearing joints or conditions may be guaranteed casein or organic glues may be
used. All exposed surfaces of joinery work shall be wrought and all arise “eased-off” by plaining
and sand papering to an approved finish suitable to the specified treatment.
WRITING
 Dimensions: Joinery shall hold up to the specified sizes and as measure.
 Fixing Joinery: All beads, fillets and small members shall be fixed with round or oval brads on
nails well punched in and stopped. All large members shall be fixed with brass screws, the heads
let in and palette to match the grain.
 Unless otherwise specified, plugs of external work shall be of hardwood; plugs for internal work
may be of softwood. Holes for plugging must be made with a proper drilling tool and the holes
completely filled with the plugging material.
 Unless otherwise specified all skirting, window, grounds and backings for same, fillets etc., shall
be plugged at intervals not exceeding 600mm.
 Bedding Joinery: All door and window frames, sills, wooden bars etc., which are fixed to
brickwork, concrete by means of grounds, lugs, etc., shall be bedded solid in mortar as previously
described and pointed with a recessed joint 6mm deep to the approval of the Engineer In-charge.
 Plywood, Block boards, Chipboards and MDF board, shall be bonded with synthetic resin of
“interior” type and sheet metal screws unless otherwise stated for the doors. Where stated to be
“exterior” type, they shall be weatherproof.
 All exposed edges of block board and chipboard shall be lipped with hardwood as described
below.Samples of all such materials and their source of manufacture must be approved by the
Engineer In-charge before used in the works.
WRITING
 Inspection and Testing : The Engineer In-charge shall be given facilities for inspection of all works in
progress whether in workshop or on site. All timber as it arrives on the site and not approved by
them must be removed forthwith, failing which the Employer, with the advise of the Engineer In-
charge, may arrange for the removal of the rejects and impose of them as they may consider
advisable at the contractor’s expenses.
 The contractor is to allow for testing or prototypes of special construction units and the Engineer In-
charge shall be at liberty to select any samples they may require for the purpose of testing i.e. for
moisture content, or identification of species, strength, etc.
 Where timbers need to be extended into a wall, they shall be thoroughly “Brush Treated” with a
wood preservative approved by the Engineer In-charge, and as much clear air space maintained
around the timber where it adjoins the wall as possible.
 Measurement: Measurement of works will be made in m³ of works as specified.
 Payment: Payment for work will be made on the basis of contract unit price indicated in the BOQ.
The payment will be full and final compensation for all material, labour, and equipment to complete
the works as specified.
WRITING
 B. Panelled shutters: The window shutters may be fully panelled, fully glazed, partly glazed and
partly panelled, battened or Venetian as specified. Styles and panels shall be neatly planed and
truly finished to exact dimensions. Styles and rails shall be framed properly and accurately with
mortise and tenon joints and fixed with bamboo pins as per drawing. Glue shall be applied at al
joints before clamping and fixing with bamboo pins. Panels shall be of one piece without any
joints and shall be housed with 12.5mm insertion into rails and styles.
 Panels shall be of thickness as specified in the drawing. All rails above 100mm in width shall
have double tenon. No tenon shall exceed 6mm the thickness of the member. In case of swing
door, swing door hung in lace shall not be rebated together. It shall be fitted with vision panels.
 Measurement: Measurement of works will be made in m2 of works as specified.
The payment will be full and final compensation for all material, labour, and equipment to
complete the works as specified..
WRITING
 C.Glazed, Ply,Teak, GI sheet and Wiremesh shutters
 Shutter or frame shall be as described in Panelled doors.
 Putty: Putty for glazing in wood frames shall be composed of pure linseed oil and whiting powder
free from grittiness.
 Wooden beads: All wooden beads shall be from hard wood fitted against the glass. Wooden
beads shall be bedded against the rebate and secured by 12.5mm glass nails fixed at 75mm
apart. The rebate depth shall be 12.5mm Wooden beads shall not project beyond the rebate. All
glass panes shall have edge-clearance, when fitted of 1.5mm all round. Beads shall be painted
with approved paint before fixing glass pane.
 Hinges/ handles/bolts/screwes: The window shutters shall have minimum of two-piece 100mm
steel hinges with steel screws, one aluminium handle and two pieces of 150mm tower bolts of
super brand or equivalent with steel screws.
 The timber louvers shall be 12 mm. thick of the size and fixing as shown in the Drawing. Vertical
slats if required shall be provided as per instruction of the Engineer.
WRITING
 Construction Procedure: The window shutters may be fully panelled, fully glazed, partly glazed
and partly panelled, battened or Venetian as specified. Styles and panels shall be neatly planed
and truly finished to exact dimensions.
 Styles and rails shall be framed properly and accurately with mortise and tenon joints and fixed
with bamboo pins as per drawing. Glue shall be applied at all joints before clamping and fixing
with bamboo pins. Panels shall be of one piece without any joints and shall be housed with
12.5mm insertion into rails and styles.
 Rebates of metal frames receiving glass shall be prepared and treated with primer for putty prior
to glazing and putty shall be primed ten days after glazing (See Painting).
 Glass louvers shall have ground edges and be fixed in accordance with the instruction of the
louver frame manufacturer.
WRITING
 Mirrors shall be 4mm silvered plate glass or Swan brand with polished edges, and shall be drilled
for and fixed with four chromium plated screws with detachable dome heads.
 On completion remove all broken, scratched or cracked panes and replace with new to the
satisfaction of the Engineer In-charge.
 D. Solid core shutters
 Wooden solid core of lightwood with 4mm Teak plywood in both sides glued and lipped with
mould salwood of sample approved by project engineer. The tolerances for the overall size are +-
3mm +-1mm in thickness. Where described as “External Quality” flushes doors are to be finished
with weatherproof
 plywood as before described and the Engineer Incharge must approve sample doors before the
doors are completed.
 The door shutters are polished with clear chapra polish and painted with two coats of touch wood
polish.The doors shall be sticked with moulding of approved design in the shape as shown in the
drawing.
WRITING
 The Door shutters shall have minimum of three pieces of 150mm brass hinges with brass screws,
one IPSA Mortise lock of heavy duty or equivalent, two pieces of 150mm brass tower bolts of
good quality with brass screws, 75 mm doorstopper.
 Construction Procedure: The window shutters may be fully panelled, fully glazed, partly
glazedand partly panelled, battened or Venetian as specified. Styles and panels shall be neatly
planed and truly finished to exact dimensions.
 Styles and rails shall be framed properly and accurately with mortise and tenon joints and fixed
with bamboo pins as per drawing. Glue shall be applied at all joints before clamping and fixing
with bamboo pins. Panels shall be of one piece without any joints and shall be housed with
12.5mm insertion into rails and styles.
WRITING
 Measurement: Measurement of works will be made in m2 of works as specified.
The payment will be full and final compensation for all material, labour, and equipment to
complete the works as specified.
 NB:These specifications may be adopted for other type of shutters viz plywood, teak, GI sheet
flush doors etc as well. For such items replace glass with relevant material as specified.
WRITING
 11. SPECIFICATIONS FOR CEMENT PLASTERING:
 Preliminary - procedure for first coat - procedure for second coat - measurement
 The work of sand faced cement plater shall be carried out after masonry joints are raked out to a
depth of 20mm and the walls are well-watrered.
 The first coat for sand faced cement plaster shall be of cement mortar of proportion 1:4 i.e., one
part of cement to four parts of clean, coarse and angular river sand by volume. The mortar of one
cement bag shall be prepared at a time and it shall be prepared on a water-tight platform or in a
steel trough. The mortar shall be consumed in 30 minutes after adding water. The first coat of
plaster shall be uniformly applied in the best workmanship manner after watering the surface of
walls in advance and putting dots
 and preparing screeds for maintaining uniform thickness of plastered surface. The thickness of
first coat shall be nowhere less than 12mm. The fist coat shall be well-watered atleast for 7 days.
The first coat shall be provided with zigzag lines such that the first coat adheres well with the
second coat.
WRITING
 11. SPECIFICATIONS FOR CEMENT PLASTERING:
 The second coat of sand faced cement plater shall be carried out in c:m of proportion 1:1 and
shall be of thickness 8mm. The second coat shall be applied on the first coat atkeast after 7 days
of completion of first coat. The second coat shall give uniform grey colour to the whole structure.
The sand to be used in the mortar for the second coat shall be perfectly screened so that sand of
uniform size shall appear on the surface. The sponge shall be used in the second coat and it
shall be applied when the second coat is wet and it shall be so worked that the density of sand
grains appearing on the surface shall be equal and uniform. After completion of the second coat,
the surface shall be kept well-watered atleast for 15 days.
 The payment shall be made for superficial area covered. The measurements and deductions are
made accordingly.
WRITING
 11. SPECIFICATIONS FOR WHITE WASHING IN THREE COATS:
 Walls tobe cleaned - lime and gum - workmanship - cleaning - measurement.
 The walls to be whitewashed shall be cleaned before the work is started.
 The fresh white lime shall be slaked at site of work and shall be mixed thoroughly with sufficient
quantity of water in a tub and shall then be screened through a clean cloth. The clean gum or rice
dissolved in hot water shall me mixed with lime in required quantities.
 The whitewash shall be applied with jute brush and the brush shall be so worked that a surface
with uniform colour is obtained. Three coats shall be applied, each after the previous coat has
completely dried.
 The stains of whitewash on the floor or other surface shall be removed.
 The payments shall be made on superficial contents and openings shall be deducted once only to
compensate for tops, bottoms and sides of the openings.
WRITING
 12. SPECIFICATIONS FOR PAINTING IN THREE COATS:
 Cleaning - paint- coats - workmanship - measurement.
 The surface to be painted shall be cleaned and made smooth by rubbung sand-papers of different
grades. In case of steel work, the dust and scales shall be thoroughly removed. All broken edges,
cracks, loose plaster and wavy surface shall be brought up by plaster work and all the holes and
undulations shall be filled up with plaster of paris and rubbed smooth.
 The paint to be used shall be of approved tint and make. The pure turpentine shall be used as a thinning
agent.
 A priming coat shall first be applied and then all cracks, holes, etc shall be filled with putty or with a
mixture of glue and plaster of paris. The second coat of paint shall then be applied and after it has dried,
the final coat of paint shall be applied.
 The paint shall be applied in the best workmanship manner. The brushes to be used shall be of the best
quality and they shall be worked in such a way that a surface of uniform shade is obtained without any
hair marks, drops of paint, etc. At the end of the day's work, the brushes shall be cleaned by turpentine
and shall be kept dry.
WRITING
 12. SPECIFICATIONS FOR PAINTING IN THREE COATS:
 The painting shall be paid in superficial contents. The doors and windows shall be measured flat on two
sides and no extra measurement shall be taken for mouldings, etc. The gaps of grillwork shall be
measured on one side only for painting both sides of the grillwork. The half of the glazed part shall be
deducted from the measurements of flat area. The louvers and venetians shall be treated as one and a
half times of the corresponding flat area.
WRITING
 13. SPECIFICATIONS FOR WEATHERING COURSE IN TERRACE:
 When it is intended to carry out the waterproofing of a newly built reinforced concrete roof, it is best to
provide the water proofing layer directly on the structural slab. The insulation and the finishing layer can
then follow. To obtain a sound waterproofing layer:
 I. Clean the surface of loose particles, dust, cement laitance, etc. preferably done using a electric hand
blower.
 II. Moisten the R.C. slab and on the wetted surface, apply three coats of Polyalk-wp and cement slurry in
the ratio 1:1.25 by weight for the first coat and 1:1.5 by weight for subsequent coats at 24 hours interval
between thecoats. The slurry should be uniform in consistency and suitable for brush application.
 III. Cure the first two coats with damp gunny bags after 48 hours of the application of the above slurry.
 IV. Apply the third coat of Polyalk-wp and while this coat is still wet and tacky lay the mortar for providing
brick bat coba. This has to be a wet on wet application.
V. Provide insulation layer (brick bat coba) and finishing layer over the coating as per requirement.
 VI. Admix anti-shrinkage compound Sunplex(330gms) per bag of cement for the mortar mixing.
WRITING
 Tiles for laying on the open terrace. Can withstand the effect of rain and sun to protect and
weather proof your home.
  Highly Durable
  Can withstand Rough Weather
Protects the Building
  Better Thermal Insulation than Concrete
  Keeps the House Cool & Saves Electricity for Cooling
  Most Economical and Eco-Friendly

WRITING
 Additional Description
 Made of dense machine-processed clay, the Weathering Course Tiles protects the concrete roof slab
from the effects of rain and sun all round the year, for years. Not water proofing the terrace can cause
rain water to damage the roof slab and the ceiling, leading to costly repairs later on.The terrace clay tiles
can be painted with exterior sealer followed by light grey or any light colored exterior paint to further
reduce heat absorption from sunlight. Cool your roof to reduce heat indoors by reducing sunlight
absorption. Clay tiles for terrace have the best durability and are available in sizes of 9x9 and 12x12.

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AR8703

 i. The cost of a unit quantity of work is governed by its specifications.

 HOW TO WRITE SPECIFICATION

 HOW TO WRITE SPECIFICATION

 Are broadly divided into two categories:

 ii) Technical Provisions

 iii) Standard Specifications

 (a) Specifications for materials and workmanship

 (b) Specifications for performance

 (c) Specifications for proprietary commodities

 For Specifications of Proprietary commodities, specifications include commercial products,

 Following points to be noted:

 ii. The blank spaces left, has to be suitably filled up.

 iii. Suitable additions, alterations, improvements or corrections should be noted so as to be

1. Subject Matter: should relate to the information required.

 3. Abbreviations: only well-known in the building industry to be used.

 4. Development of style: to present clear picture of facts.

 5. Selection of words: suitable words with desired meaning should be used

 6. Accuracy: information should be complete and correct.

 7. Conflicting requirements: no conflicts of any type result.

 11. Brevity: Sentences should be short, simple and concise.

 IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF THE DESIGN OF SPECIFICATION

 It should be designed rather than simply written or copied.

 IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF THE DESIGN OF SPECIFICATION

 It should be designed rather than simply written or copied.

 IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF THE DESIGN OF SPECIFICATION

 5. Designer: The specifications should be designed by competent persons, possessing wide

 7. Product control: A well-designed specification aims at product control by the available

Main sources of information can be gathered or obtained as follows:

 2. Previous specification: Specification of the executed or under execution jobs.

 3. Requirement of owner: Owner's requirement

 5. Standard specifications: Reference can be made to the relevant standard specifications.

 6. Trade Catalogue: Reference can be made to the catalogues.

 (d) Superstructure: Superstructure shall be of first class brickwork in cement mortar.

 (d) Superstructure: Superstructure shall be of second class brickwork in mud mortar.

 1. SPECIFICATIONS FOR EARTHWORK EXCAVATION:

 TYPICAL DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS:

 3. SPECIFICATIONS FOR REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE (R.C.C):

 3. SPECIFICATIONS FOR REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE (R.C.C):

 4. SPECIFICATIONS FOR BRICKWORK FIRST (I) CLASS IN c:m (1:6):

 4. SPECIFICATIONS FOR BRICKWORK FIRST (I) CLASS IN c:m (1:6):

 5. SPECIFICATIONS FOR BRICKWORK SECOND (II) CLASS IN c:m (1:6):

 ***(Similar to I class brickwork, specifications vary a little)

 (2) Uniform colored but may be slightly over burnt.

 (3) High crushing strength, not less than 7 N/mm2

 (4) Hand moulded

 (5) Efflorescence- Little

 (6) Water absorption less than 20%.

 6. SPECIFICATIONS FOR BRICKWORK THIRD (III) CLASS IN c:m (1:6):

 (1) May be distorted with blunt edges.

 (2) Over burnt or under burnt and non uniform color.

 (3) High crushing strength, not less than 3.5N/mm2

 (4) Hand moulded

 (5) Efflorescence- Large

 (6) Water absorption less than 25%.

 7. SPECIFICATIONS FOR DAMP PROOF COURSE (D.P.C):

 Proportion - Coarse aggregate - Fine Aggregate - Cement - water-proofing compound - mixing -

 Water-proofing compound: The water-proofing compound to be used shall be of standard

 7. SPECIFICATIONS FOR DAMP PROOF COURSE (D.P.C):

 Proportion - Coarse aggregate - Fine Aggregate - Cement - water-proofing compound - mixing -