This report presents the simulation of a series RLC circuit excited by an AC source, detailing its transient behavior and characteristics. Using MATLAB Simulink, the study analyzes current, voltage, and power responses, highlighting the importance of initial conditions and time constants. The findings emphasize the significance of understanding transient behavior for effective design and troubleshooting in electrical systems.
This report presents the simulation of a series RLC circuit excited by an AC source, detailing its transient behavior and characteristics. Using MATLAB Simulink, the study analyzes current, voltage, and power responses, highlighting the importance of initial conditions and time constants. The findings emphasize the significance of understanding transient behavior for effective design and troubleshooting in electrical systems.
This report presents the simulation of a series RLC circuit excited by an AC source, detailing its transient behavior and characteristics. Using MATLAB Simulink, the study analyzes current, voltage, and power responses, highlighting the importance of initial conditions and time constants. The findings emphasize the significance of understanding transient behavior for effective design and troubleshooting in electrical systems.
This report presents the simulation of a series RLC circuit excited by an AC source, detailing its transient behavior and characteristics. Using MATLAB Simulink, the study analyzes current, voltage, and power responses, highlighting the importance of initial conditions and time constants. The findings emphasize the significance of understanding transient behavior for effective design and troubleshooting in electrical systems.
BY: VEL MURUGAN.A 22BEE124 INTRODUCTION: This report outlines the process and results of simulating a series RLC circuit excited by an alternating current (AC) source. The series RLC circuit comprises a resistor (R), an inductor (L), and a capacitor (C) connected in series. The purpose of this simulation is to observe the behavior of the circuit in response to an AC source, including the voltage and current characteristics across each component. Understanding the transient behaviour of RLC circuits under AC excitation is crucial for various applications in electronics, including filters, oscillators, and power distribution systems.
SOFTWARE USED: MATLAB SIMULINK.
RLC CIRCUIT:
The series RLC circuit comprises a resistor (R), an inductor (L), and a capacitor (C) connected in series Resistor (R): Provides resistance to the flow of current. Inductor (L): Stores energy in the form of a magnetic field. Capacitor (C): Stores energy in the form of an electric field.
Mathematical Model: The behaviour of the Series RLC circuit is governed by Kirchhoff's voltage law and the equations governing the behaviour of passive circuit elements. The key differential equation describing the circuit's behaviour is the second-order linear ordinary differential equation (ODE)
given by:
𝐿𝑑2𝑖𝑑𝑡2+𝑅𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑡+1𝐶𝑖=𝑉𝑖𝑛Ldt2d2i+Rdtdi+C1i=Vin
where:
Page | 1 L is the inductance (H), R is the resistance (Ω), C is the capacitance (F), i is the current through the circuit (A), Vin is the input voltage.
COMPONENTS(BLOCKS) USED: COMPONENTS RANGE STEP - CONTROLLED VOLTAGE - CURRENT MEASUREMENT - VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT - RESISTOR 24𝛺 INDUCTOR 2H CAPACITOR 42𝜇𝐹 SCOPE -
TRANSIENT STATE: The transient response of the Series RLC circuit refers to the behavior of the circuit immediately following a change in input voltage or when the circuit is first energized. The response involves the interplay of the energy storage elements (inductor and capacitor) and the resistive element.
INITIAL CONDITIONS: The initial conditions, such as initial current and voltage across the capacitor, significantly impact the transient response.
Page | 2 TIME CONSTANTS: The time constants of the circuit components (τ = L/R for the inductor and RC for the capacitor) dictate the rate at which energy is transferred and dissipated in the circuit.
TRANSIENT OSCILLATIONS: In underdamped conditions, the circuit exhibits transient oscillations, characterized by damped sinusoidal waveforms. These oscillations decay over time until the circuit reaches steady-state.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Page | 3 SIMULATION RESULTS:
Simulation Results: Current vs. Time: The current waveform shows an initial transient response, which settles to a steady-state response after approximately 0.025 seconds. The steady-state current is approximately 0.38 A, with a phase shift of -75 degrees with respect to the voltage source.
Page | 4 Voltage vs. Time: The voltage waveform shows the AC excitation, with a frequency of 50 Hz and an amplitude of 10 V.
Power vs. Time:
The power waveform shows an initial transient response, which settles to a steady-state response after approximately 0.025 seconds. The steady-state power is approximately 3.8 W, with a phase shift of -75 degrees with respect to the voltage source.
Transient Analysis: Natural Response: The natural response is characterized by a damped sinusoidal waveform, with a damping ratio of approximately 0.2. The natural frequency is approximately 0.45 Hz.
Forced Response: The forced response is characterized by a sinusoidal waveform, with a frequency of 50 Hz and an amplitude of approximately 0.38 A.
CONCLUSION: Understanding the transient behavior of Series RLC circuits under AC excitation is essential for designing and troubleshooting electrical systems. By analyzing the transient response, engineers can predict how the circuit will behave during startup, sudden changes in input, or under fault conditions, enabling them to design appropriate protection and control systems.
