Q.1. Why are industries located in or near the cities?

Industries located in or near the cities because:

(1) Industries need good transportation facilities, abundant labour, and many other things which
can be fulfilled by the people and services of the cities.

(2) Industries also provide employment to the people living in those cities. The residents of the
region develop better and refined lifestyles which trigger further urbanisation.

Q.2. What is the main cause for the cement industry being strategically locate plants in
Gujarat?

Most of the cement industries have their outlets and plants located on the western coast of the
country near Gujarat because:

(1) They are closer to the coastlines and thus easily transported to other countries.

(2) Most of the export of cement takes place from the western coast as it is because the western
countries import cement for infrastructural development in their countries. The eastern countries
mostly export food and agricultural materials.

Q.3. “The textile industry is the only industry in the country which is self-reliant and
complete in the value chain.” Explain the statement.

The textile industry is the only industry in the country which is self-reliant and complete in the
value chain because:

(1) It contributes significantly to industrial production (around 14%).

(2) It generates employment for about 35 million people.

(3) It earns foreign exchange of about 24.6%.

(4) It contributes about 4% towards GDP.

Q.4. Describe three methods of treatment of industrial effluents.

The treatment of industrial effluents can be carried out in the following ways:

(1) The primary treatment is carried out by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding,
flocculation and sedimentation.

(2) The secondary treatment is carried out by biological process.

(3) The tertiary treatment is done by biological, chemical and physical processes. This also
involves recycling of waste water.
Q.5. How does the textile industry occupy a unique position in Indian economy? Explain
giving any three points.

Textile industry occupies a unique position in Indian economy because:

(1) The industry provides a living to farmers, cotton ball pluckers and workers engaged

in ginning, spinning, weaving, dying, designing, packaging, tailoring, and sewing.

(2) The handspun khadi employs native weavers in the cottage industry.

(3) India exports yarn to Japan and cotton goods to USA, UK, Russia, France, East European
countries, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka and African countries.

(4) We have a large share in the world trade of cotton yarn, accounting for one-fourth of the total
trade.

Q.6. Rita see a power providing corporation in India which has ISO certification for EMS
14001. Can you name the power providing cooperation? Can you enlist some proactive
approach that they have taken for preserving the natural environment and resources like
where it is setting up the power plants? Substantiate your answer with any two reasons.

The power providing corporation in India that Rita saw has ISO certification for EMS 14001 is
NTPC. The corporation has a proactive approach for preserving the natural environment and
resources like water, oil and gas and fuels in places where it is setting up power plants. This has
been possible through:

(1) Making the most use of the available tools while implementing cutting-edge methodologies.

(2) Increasing ash use to reduce waste production.

(3) Creating green spaces to promote ecological harmony and resolving the issue of specific
machinery for afforestation.

(4) Controlling environmental contamination by managing liquid waste, ash ponds, and ash
water recycling systems.

(5) Online database management, ecological evaluations, and monitoring for all of its power
plants.

Q.7. It is important for us to develop the weaving industry rather than export huge
amounts of yarn. Evaluate the reason why weaving industry should be developed.

Developing the weaving industry instead of solely exporting yarn can bring several advantages.
The reasons are:
(1) Weaving adds value to the raw material (yarn) by transforming it into finished textile
products.

(2) Provide employment opportunities to the local population.

(3) Allow for economic diversification, reducing dependence on a single export commodity and
providing stability to the economy.

(4) Developing the weaving industry necessitates investments in technology and machinery,
which can lead to technology transfer and adoption of advanced manufacturing practices.

(5) Enables a country to export finished textile goods rather than just raw materials.

Q.8. “The development process of India has experienced transformation due to the
significant influence of Information Technology (I.T.) and Electronic Industry.” Explain the
statement with examples.

(1) Products in the electronics sector range widely, from cell phones to televisions, and India's
development in these products and services has been significantly shaped by the Information
Technology (IT) and electronics industry.

(2) India's economy has changed and its GDP has increased dramatically as a result of the
country's emergence as a major global center for IT, especially in cities like Bangalore,
Hyderabad, and Pune.

(3) The IT industry has boosted India's reputation as a leading global technology destination and
directly or indirectly generated millions of jobs. This growth was further accelerated by the
"Make in India" initiative, which attracted foreign investments in the electronic sector and
promoted domestic manufacturing.

(5) The rapidly expanding Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sector in this industry has made
it a significant source of foreign exchange earnings over the past two or three years.

(6) India's competitiveness in the international market has increased as a result of the growth of
the information technology and electronics industry.

Q.9. “Agriculture and industry move hand in hand.” Support the statement with examples.

The agro-industries give a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity:

(1) These industries supply irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC
pipes, machines and tools, etc. to the farmers which helps them grow more food.

(2) Industries help in transporting the goods produced to the markets. They also consume these
products themselves.
(3) Manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture. They reduce the heavy dependence
of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.

Q.10. Mention any two factors that have contributed to a healthy growth of the automobile
industry in India. Name two centres where the industry is located.

Two factors that have contributed to a healthy growth of the automobile industry in India are:

(1) The introduction of new and contemporary models stimulated the demand for vehicles in the
market.

(2) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has brought in new technology.

(3) Globalisation has led to a heavy rise in demand of these vehicles since products from around
the world can be ordered at one click.