Professional Cookery Manual Sinhala Part 1

Professional
Cookery Skills
w;afmd;
Contact Person
Farheen Khurrum - Contract Representative

Scope Global
Level 5, 12 Pirie Street, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
Tel: +61 8 7082 1431
Farheen.Khurrum@scopeglobal.com
Copyright
Copyright of this document remains the property Scope Global Pty Ltd. The contents of this document
may not be reproduced in whole or part without the prior express consent of a duly authorised
representative from Scope Global Pty Ltd, excepting for the internal use of the client. This document
may only be used for the purposes of examination and evaluation with a view to entering into a contract
with Scope Global Pty Ltd, for the purposes of carrying out the work, which is the subject matter of this
agreement.
No other use whatsoever is to be made of this document or any recommendations, information, matter
or thing, without the express permission of Scope Global Pty Ltd.
Version V1.0 (September 2021)

PROFESSIONAL COOKERY SKILLS MANUAL
Acknowledgements
The Skills for Inclusive Growth (S4IG) program is an initiative of the Australian Government in
collaboration with the State Ministry of Skills Development, Vocational Education, Research &
Innovations . S4IG is working with the skills development system to re -position skills development and
strengthen training approaches to support employers across the tourism value chain with job ready
skills that result with improved employment outcomes and income levels for graduates. Better skills
across the workforce improves workplace quality which is a key contributor towards increased revenue
for enterprises, especially those that depend on visitors purchasing products and services. A world class
tourism industry has to provide world class products and services. A well functioning tourism sector
(the visitor economy) can significantly contribute towards inclusive growth across Sri Lanka generating
improved revenues and better jobs for Sri Lankans.
This Professional Cookery Skills Workbook & Manual in Tourism and Hospitality has been designed
for enterprises, training providers and trainees engaged in food preparation and cooking. The training
package uplifts the skills of professional cooking to international standards whilst promoting Sri
Lankan cuisine and styles. This Professional Cookery Skills Workbook and Manual is an initiative of
the S4IG Program coming out of the successful ‘ Supreme Chef’ television competition which placed
a spotlight on cooking as a career and the benefits of this occupation in promoting Sri Lanka’s unique
and authentic ingredients and food specialties. The workbook is a user friendly tool to guide trainees
through to completion of the Governments NVQ Level 4 requirements. The Workbook and Manual also
supports employers to deliver quality services and products and links their occupational and workplace
requirements. This strengthens the role of training providers and ensures that future training will be
relevant to kitchens across the industry.
S4IG is proud to be able to support the tourism industry and support implementation of Government
tourism, employment and skills development policies. Modules are developed based on the NVQ Level
4 Professional Cookery National Competency Standards (NCS) and satisfy government requirements for
quality. The workbook and manual are industry recognized giving added value and surety of quality to
employers and trainees looking to improve cooking skills and the performance of enterprises across the
tourism and hospitality value chain. S4IG has started working with the Vocational Training Centers and
Training Providers to implement this upgraded training to support the industry with better professional
cooking services. S4IG is firmly committed to the principle of Better Skills, Better Jobs, Better Business
and Better Futures through tourism.
II
S4IG acknowledges the tremendous support extended by TVEC Officials towards accreditation of this
program. The development of this training package has been driven and supported by the Chefs’
Guild of Sri Lanka who provide industry expertise and leadership in professional cooking in Sri Lanka.
S4IG looks forward to partnering with the Chefs Guild to support widespread implementation of these
training resources across workplaces in Sri Lanka and with selected training providers. This cooperation
will enable the Chef Guild to work with training providers to train those interested in future employment
as well as upskill the existing workforce across the industry. On behalf of the S4IG program I further
extend our sincere gratitude to all those who worked tirelessly to prepare this training package and
learning resources. This product delivers world class skills for the tourism and hospitality industry
ensuring professional cooking and food preparation services are available for visitors nationwide.
David Ablett
Team Leader
Skills for Inclusive Growth (S4IG)
III
Vocational Training Authority
To Future Chefs of Sri Lanka,
I write to you with confidence that this course will provide you with all the
tools, skills and expertise to embark on a professional career in cookery.
The Vocational Training Authority (VTA) fully embraces this course and
is excited by the impact it will have on the quality of the training we can
deliver for Professional Cookery. It is our vision that youth throughout
Sri Lanka should have access to the best training available. I believe that
this course satisfies this vision, offering trainees in Sri Lanka international
standard material, backed up with international standard training.
The Manual and Workbook are presented in a simple and attractive fashion but the content is detailed
and comprehensive. It is the kind of material to which any course should aspire.
The materials and course have been expertly developed by the Chefs Guild of Lanka (CGL). CGL will also
take responsibility for the training of trainers and manage the roll out of training throughout the country
in support of VTA. We very much appreciate this collaboration and hope, in time, it can be developed
further. Working with the best in the industry to produce high quality trainees is a model we are
determined to make succeed for the good of the youth in the country.
I am thankful to Skills for Inclusive Growth, a project of the Australian Government, for their vision and
commitment to creating these materials and their close co-operation with CGL.
To you, Professional Chef in waiting, I wish this course to be a stepping-stone to a successful and
prosperous career in hospitality. A career I sincerely hope you develop in Sri Lanka before taking on the
world.
Best of luck!
Eranga Basnayake
Chairman
Vocational Training Authority of Sri Lanka
IV
National Apprentice and Industrial Training Authority
Dear Apprentice,
I am writing to confirm that the National Apprentice and Industrial Training

Authority fully endorses this training package.
In reading these materials I am reminded of the immortal words of Leonardo

da Vinci “Learning never exhausts the mind.” I am humbled by how much a
professional chef needs to learn to be able to embark on a career in cookery.
At the same time, I am excited by how practice and experimentation in
culinary arts can result in such a variety of high quality outcomes.
Immense credit should be extended to the Chefs Guild of Lanka who have put in considerable time, effort
and expertise to develop these fantastic materials. It is of importance and significance that this package
should be produced, and implementation supported by the industry in which trainees will be employed.
In truth, only industry can know what is needed to succeed in it; only industry can know which knowledge
and skills are essential to those who wish to begin a career in it; and only industry can keep abreast of
changes or adaptations that may be required to keep a training package relevant. Therefore we embrace
this relationship with the Chefs Guild of Lanka and look forward to their continued guidance in making the
course a success.
I would like to extend my thanks to Australian Aid and their skills development programme in Sri Lanka,
Skills for Inclusive Growth, for facilitating the development of these materials and overall training package.
I am happy that an international bilateral relationship such as this has encouraged the flowering of a much
needed partnership between the public and private sector.
Most of all, I would like to encourage the apprentice who undertakes this training to not be intimidated by
the amount of information it seems you must take in to complete this course. In your efforts to become a
professional chef you will become energised, not exhausted. The world will become your oyster.
Yours sincerely,
Tharanga Naleen Gamlath
Chairman
National Apprentice and Industrial Training Authority (NAITA)
V
National Youth Services Council
To our young trainees,
The mission of The National Youth Services Council (NYSC) is to empower

the youth of Sri Lanka to face life’s challenges by making use of local and
global opportunities.
I am happy to say that this new training material in Professional Cookery

NVQ Level 4 will empower the trainees who use it and provide them with
excellent opportunities to peruse a career locally and globally.
At NYSC we are fortunate to have excellent kitchen training facilities at our

main campus in Maharagama and in other centres around the country. Our fantastic staff have produced
some great young chefs through our training programmes. Now, with a detailed, colourful, and easy to
follow training package designed by the Chef’s Guild of Lanka we can be sure to raise standards even
higher and guarantee a uniformity in the quality of training given.
It is a source of great satisfaction when I travel around the country and see NYSC alumni working in
top class hotels and restaurants. However, the truth is that we need to attract more young people into
this profession if the country is to satisfy the expected rise in numbers of tourists from over the world
coming to Sri Lanka. We also need to provide them with an international standard menu with the quality
and variety they would expect from other top international tourist destinations. This course and the
accompanying training of trainers that the Chef’s Guild will manage is a great way to achieve this vision.
Quality training will attract a higher number of quality trainees, quality trainees will improve the quality
of our top hotels and restaurants, quality hotels and restaurants will attract more tourists.
The National Youth Services Council is delighted and honoured to be among the first to use these
materials. We will utilise them to their full and our young trainees will benefit immensely.
Yours faithfully,
Damith Wickramasinghe
Director General/Chairman
National Youth Services Council
VI
Chefs guild of lanka
Gerard Mendis Madhawa Weerabaddhana

CGL Chairman Course Development and
Training Coordinator
To Whom It May Concern,
The Chef’s Guild of Lanka (CGL) is proud to endorse these training materials for the NVQ Level 4 Course
in Professional Cookery.
One of the ambitions of the CGL is to help lift the consistency of cookery training throughout Sri Lanka.
To do this, training materials must meet a high standard of quality. Thus, these materials were developed
with the full oversight of CGL’s training experts. With an ongoing feedback and editing process firmly in
place, we can attest that these materials fulfil the standards elevated by the CGL to meet international
training standards.
Over the duration of 6 months the trainees will undertake rigorous theory and practical training which
covers basic industry knowledge, 40 sessions of practical menu production training in Continental, Ethnic
and Sri Lankan cuisine and intensive sessions in Functional English Language training.
The course materials offer the trainee a user-friendly and practical tool for learning (the Workbook),
the required basic knowledge (the Manual), a path to on-the-job training and a path to on-the-job
evaluation. The course materials have been translated into Sinhala and Tamil, to allow all trainees full
access to the information and knowledge inside these books.
These materials contain all the information necessary to successfully complete the National Competency
Standard, designed by TVEC. As such, the training course and course materials can be utilised to the
maximum to support trainees when they undergo job placement to join our industry.
VII
As these materials and this course offers the trainee hours of practical input that goes above and beyond
that required of the National Curriculum Standard, we are elevating the standard of cookery training
and thus fulfilling our ambition of improving the skills of trainees that work in professional kitchens
island wide. If completed successfully, this course will produce trainees who are not only fit for industry
but have the knowledge and skills to forge a successful career in professional kitchens in Sri Lanka and
beyond.
We recommend that these materials and this course be adopted by training institutions, hotels, guest
houses and homestays around the country to move towards a national standard of excellence in basic
cookery training.
We are committed to improving the contents of the materials and the course over time and we look
forward to incorporating feedback we hope to receive from users of the materials (trainers and trainees
alike), and any emerging theory and practical training concepts.
We hope trainees and trainers can enjoy using these materials.
We hope these training materials will boost the trainees’ confidence in cooking as well as their passion
for cooking.
Gerard Mendis Madhawa Weerabaddhana

CGL Chairman Course Development and
Training Coordinator
VIII
wka;¾.;h
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
LETTERS OF ENDORSEMENT
1 jk fldgi - ikSmdrlaIdj 03
2 jk fldgi - wdydr iqrlaIs;;dj 37
3 jk fldgi - wmøjH l<ukdlrKh 75
4 jk fldgi - uq¿;ekaf.hs wdh;ksl jHqyhk 83
5 jk fldgi - ld, l<uKdlrKh 107
6 jk fldgi - uq¿;ekaf.hs WmlrK" fuj,ï iy WmlrK y÷kajd§u 117
7 jk fldgi - wdydr oekqu yd mqyqKqj 151
8 jk fldgi - wdydr msiSfï l%u 257
9 jk fldgi - Mise en Place 279
Resource Credits 300
1
01 jk fldgi

ikSmdrlaIdj
01 jk fldgi | ikS m drla I dj
ikSmdrlaIdj
wd.ka;=l i;aldrh iy wdydr mßyrKh lsÍfï l¾udka;h ;=< fiajlfhl= f,i Tfí j.lSï fudkjdo hkak
fuu fldgfia§ úfYaIfhka wdrlaIdj"fi!LHh iy ikSmdrlaIdj iïnkaOfhka Tn bf.k .kq we;'
mqoa.,sl ikSmdrlaIdj" fi!LHh iy wdrlaIdj jeo.;a jkafka wehso hkak m<uqj Tn f;areï .; hq;=h'
jeo.;au fya;= fol kï(
1' fiajl j.lSu
jHdmdrsl uq¿;ekaf.fhys jev lrk úg fm!oa.,sl yd uyck fi!LHh yd ikSmdrlaIdj ms<snoj ie,ls,su;a
úh hq;=h' fuhg fya;=j Tfí fi!LHh yd wdrlaIdj muKla fkdj" Tfí i.hkaf.a îu fiajlhskaf.a& iy
Tfí .kqfokqlrejkaf.a wdrlaIdj ms<snoj o b;d jeo.;a f,i j.lSula mej;Suhs'
mqoa.,sl iy fmdÿ ikSmdrlaIdj jeo.;a jkafka wehs@
fndfyda wh ;u YÍrh ;=, ydkslr nelaàßhd fyda ydkslr wxY= /f.k hk w;r fuu nelaàßhd fyda ydkslr
wxY= wdydrhg tl;= úh yelsh' Tfí uqLh" kdih" ysiflia fyda Tfí we÷ï iam¾Y lsÍfuka nelaàßhd me;sÍ
wdidokh úh yel'
wdidokh$wmú;% ùu hkq l=ulao@
wdidokh$wmú;% ùu hkq ydkslr nelaàßhd fyda wxY= me;sÍuhs'
wdidokh me;srSu hkq l=ulao@
wdidokh me;srSu isÿjkafka nelaàßhd ^fyda ffjria& fyda ridhksl $ úI øjH úúO jia;+ka wdydr" jev lrk
mDIaGhka" WmlrK fyda w;a j,g wdidokh jQ úg th tla u;=msglska ;j;a u;=msglg me;srSu u.sks¡ wdidokh
me;srSu´kEu fõ,djl fyda ia:dkhl isÿúh yels w;r tu.ska frda." wdydr úIùu" wikSm yd nrm;, ;=jd,
isÿúh yelsh'
my; j.=j n,kak(
wdidokh ùfï wdldrh WodyrK isÿúh yels foa
Microbiological nelaàßhd" ffjria" È,Sr iy mqia' laIqøÔù me;srSu frda.j,g fya;= úh

(laIqøÔj úoHd;aul) yel
Physical (fN!;sl) je,s" .,a" ysiflia" ùÿre len,s" ,S fN!;sl wmú;%;djh ;=jd, ùug
len,s" mia fya;= úh yel'
Chemical (ridhksl) m<sfndaOkdYl" j,a kdYl" ÿïfld<" ridhksl wdid;añl;djh wikSm $

inka" detergent úI ùug fya;= úh yel'
4
wdydr wdidokh b;d meyeÈ,sj fmfkk wdldrj,ska iy Tn fkdolsk wdldrj,ska isÿúh yelsh' th isÿúh
yelsh(
wdydr yeisrùug fmr Tn hful= iuÕ w;g w; fok úg'

wdydr yeisrùug fmr Tn n,af,l= fyda n<f,l= iqr;,a lrk úg'
lemQKq weÕs,a,lska wuq wdydr iam¾Y lrk úg'
fïi msi oeóug wmsßisÿ frÈ Ndú;d lrk úg'
fjrf<a isg fNdack.dr m%foaYj,g je,s yuk úg'
wuq uia yd m<;=re lemSug Tn tlu msyshla Ndú;d lrk úg'
wdydr yeisrùug fmr Tfí wf;a lsúiqï hdu fyda leiai we;s úg'
wdydr yeisrùug fmr Tfí uqyqK fyda ysiflia iam¾Y lrk úg'
wdidokh j<lajd .ekSu i|yd wjYH mQ¾fjdamdhka ^w;a fia§u" msßisÿ yd ksjerÈ WmlrK Ndú;d lsÍu" m%foaY
ms<sfj,g yd ikSmdrlaIl f,i ;nd .ekSu& i|yd Tfí yeisÍu yd p,kh .ek ie,ls,su;a jkak'
^wdidokh - wdydr iqrlaIs;;dj iy msßisÿ lsÍfï wxY ms<sn| f;dr;=re o n,kak&
2' ÿ¾j, ikSmdrlaIl l%shdldrlïj, n,mEu

Tn fiajlfhl= f,i fyda Tfí fiajdfhdaclhska fyda Tfí iu fiajlhska ikSmdrlaIdj iy wdrlaIdj ms<sn|
Wiia m%ñ;shla wkq.ukh fkdlf<a kï l=ula isÿfõo@
wdydr úIùu ûrKh" ÿla fõokd" krl kduh&

wdydr úIùu iy mdßfNda.sl meñ‚,s ,eîu
m<sfndaO wdidok
krla ùu ksid wdydr kdia;s ùu
mßY%h jid oeóu $ l%shdj,sh ;ykï lsÍu
Widú l%shdud¾.fhka ovqjug ,laùu
frda.S jQ fyda fldamhg m;a mdßfNda.slhska úiska .egqïldrS l%shdud¾. j,g t,îu
ksIamdok ke;sùu ^msßisÿ lsÍfï§ $ mÍlaId lsÍfï§&
wmsßisÿ lsÍu ^wdidokh msßisÿ lsÍug yd bj;a lsÍug ld,h&
wvq ,dNh
wjidk jYfhka - Tfí /lshdj wysñ ùu" wdh;khg l%shd;aul ùug n,m;%h wysñ ùu" Tfí iu
fiajlhskaf.a /lshd wysñùu" m%cdj wysñ ùu'
fïjd b;d nrm;, m%;súmdl fõ' fuu RKd;aul n,mEï j,lajk wdldrh foi n,uq'
my; oelafjkafka Tn b;d by< fi!LH iy ikSmdrlaIdj iy wdrlaIdjla iy;sl lsrSug ie,ls<su;a úh hq;=
wxY myhs' fuu m%ñ;Ska idlaId;a lr .kafka flfiao hkak ms<sn|jo Tn fidhd n,kq we;'
A. Tfíu ikSmdrlaIdj" fi!LHh iy wdrlaIdj .ek ie,ls,su;a jkak'

B. uq¿;ekaf.hs ikSmdrlaIdj
C. Tnf.a fiajd ia:dkh wdrlaIs; lsÍug Woõ lrkak' ^fiajd ia:dk ikSmdrlaIdj&
D. WmlrK iy fuj,ï ikSmdrlaIdj
E. wdydr ikSmdrlaIdj
5
A: Tfí fi!LHdrlaIdj" fi!LHh yd wdrlaIdj .ek ie,ls,su;a jkak'

wdidokh ùfï wjodku ;=rka lsÍu fyda wju lsÍu i|yd ksfrda.S mqoa.,hka jqjo fyd| fm!oa.,sl
ikSmdrlaId mshjr wkq.ukh l< hq;=h' fm!oa.,sl ikSmdrlaIdj fukau fyd| fmkqula mj;ajd .ekSu Tfí
j.lSuls' fuh uq¿;ekaf.hs yd fiajd ia:dkj, ikSmdrlaIdj mj;ajd .ekSug WmldÍ fõ'
fm!oa.,sl ikSmdrlaIdj
my; oelafjkafka mqoa.,sl ikSmdrlaIdj mj;ajd .ekSug we;s úúO l%u iy tajd jeo.;a jkafka ukao hkak
oelafjk j.=jls'
mqoa.,sl ikSmdrlaIdj mj;ajd .kafka flfiao@ fuh isoq lsÍu m%fhdackj;a jkafka wehs@
iEu Èklu iakdkh lrkak' YÍr .kaOh j<lajhs" ksfrda.S fmkqula mj;ajd .kak'
fldKavh fidaokak' oq.kaOh yd Wl=Kka fndaùu j<lajhs'
/jq, lmkak' flia wdydr j,g jeàu j<lajhs'
Tfí ysiflia mSrkak' .ejqKq ysiflia bj;a lrhs'
Tfí uqyqfKka bj;ajk fia È.= flia ne| ysiflia wdydrhg jeàu j<lajhs'
;nkak'
kshfmd;= flá yd msßisÿj ;nd .kak' kshfmd;= hg wmsßisÿ ùu yd nelaàßhd tl;= ùu

j<lajhs'
ksh wdf,amk iy lD;su kshfmd;= bj;a lrkak ksh wdf,amk fyda lD;su kshfmd;= wdydrhg jeàu
j<lajhs'
ier iqjoe;s iqj| ú,jqka .e,aùfuka j<lskak' wdydr wuq;= iqj|ska hq;= ùu j<lajhs'
´kEu lemqula fyda újD; ;=jd,hla wdjrKh ;=jd,h wdidokh ùu j<lajk w;r jvd;a nrm;,
l< hq;=h $ jeish hq;=h' frda. j,g ;=vq fkdfohs' tfiau nelaàßhd me;sÍu
j<lajhs'
lrdnq" uqÿ" ud," j<¨ jeks wdNrK bj;a ue‚la .,a" f,day iy w,afmfk;s jeks oE wdydrhg
lrkak' jeàu j<lajhs'
Tnf.a Trf,daiqj bj;a lrkak' Trf,daiqj ke;sùu fyda Trf,daiqj wdydrhg jeàu
j<lajhs'
jev lsÍug msßisÿ we÷ï w¢kak' fyd| fmkqula mj;ajd .; yels w;r wdidokh ùu
j<lajhs'
6
msßisÿ ks, we÷ula w¢kak' fyd| m%;srEmhla mj;ajd .; yels w;r wdydr
wdidokh ùu j<lajhs'
uq¿;ekaf.hs wdjrK m<¢kak' wk;=re j<lajhs'
Tfí w;a fidaokak' wdidokh j<lajhs'
Tfí o;a uÈkak' oq.o yeóu j<lajk w;r fyd| m%;srEmhla iy fyd|
fi!LHhla mj;ajd .ekSug WmldÍ fõ'
w;a - fia§u
jeros w;a fia§u wdydr wdidokhg m%Odk;u fya;=jla jk w;r Salmonella, E. coli iy Norovirus jeks
udrdka;sl nelaàßhd me;sÍug fukau Adenovirus iy w;a-mdo-uqL frda. jeks Nhdkl Yajik wdidok j,go
fya;= fõ' we;a; jYfhkau" CDCS ^frda. md,k yd je<elaùfï uOHia:dk& weia;fïka;= lr we;af;a f,dj mqrd
iEu jirlu jhi wjqreÿ 5 g wvq <uqka ñ,shk 2'2 lg jeä msßila mdpkh iy kqiqÿiq wdydr ms<sfh, lsÍu
ksid we;sjk Yajik wdidokj,ska ñh hk njhs'
w;a msßisÿj fmkqk;a" tajdg ydkslr úIîc yd nelaàßhd r|jd .; yels neúka wdydr iuÕ jev lsÍfï§
ksjerÈ w;a fia§u w;sYhskau jeo.;a fõ'
Tfí w;a fidaod .kafka flfiao iy l=ukúg oehs oek .kak'

my; wjia:dj,oS w;a fiaÈh hq;=h(
jev wdrïN lsÍug fmr

wdydr yeisrùug fmr ´kEu fõ,djl oS
fia§fï ldurhg .sh miq
wmøjH $ li< yeisrùfuka miq
ÿï mdkfhka miq
uqo,a yeisrùfuka miq
i;=ka yeisrùfuka miq
wuq uia yeisrùfuka miq
WmøjldÍ ridhksl øjH yeisrùfuka miq
úfõlhla .;a miq
Tfí uqyqK" kdih" ysiflia iam¾Y lsÍfuka miq - lsúiqï hdfuka fyda leiafika miqj
;=jd,hla fyda lemqula msßisÿ lsÍfuka miq
msg; isàfuka miqj
wmsßisÿ fros yeisrùfuka miq
7
w;a fiaÈh hq;= wdldrh(
1) jvd;a WKqiqï $ WKq j;=frka w;a f;;a lrkak

or 2) inka oukak ^jvd;a iqÿiq jkafka Èhr inkah&nd¾ inka Ndú;h u.ska nelaàßhd r|jd ;nd .; yels neúka
nd¾ inka Ndú;h j<lajd .ekSug fyda iSud lsÍug W;aidy lrkak' Tng nd¾ inka Ndú;d lsÍug wjYH
kï" th iajhx c,dmjykh i|yd bv i,ik nydüla ;=< .nvd lr we;s nj;a" th ksrka;rfhka msßisÿ
lrk nj;a iy;sl lr.kak'
3) ;;amr 20 - ;;amr 30 la Tfí w;a bosrsmi" w;a msgqmi iy tla tla weÕs,s w;r w;=,a,kak
4) Tfí w;af,ys ueo iSÍfuka kshfmd;= msßisÿ lrkak'
5) Tfí udmgeÕs,s iy ue‚la lgqj w;=,a,kak'
6) Iskala tl foig w; fhduq lrñka WKqiqï $ WKq j;=frka w;a fydoska fidaokak'
7) lvodis fyda je,ñfgka ;Ügq lr gema tl jikak' wm wmsßisÿ oE;ska gema Ndú;d lrk úg nelaàßhd fnda
ùug fya;=fõ" tneúka gema tl jid oeóug lvodis ;=jdhla Ndú;d lsÍug W;aidy lrkak'
8) w;a úh<sug ;=jdhla Ndú;d lrkak' Tfí oE;a kej; wmú;% jk neúka f;; ;=jdhla fyda Tfí tam%kh
Ndú;d fkdlrkak' fodr újD; lsÍug lvodis ;=jdhla Ndú;d lrkak' w;a fia§fuka miq fodr f,dla j,g
w; fkd;nkak'
Wet hands with water. Apply enough soap to cover all Rub hands palm to palm.
hand surfaces.
Right palm over left hand with Palm to palm with fingers Backs of fingers to opposing
interlaced fingers and vice versa. interlaced. palms with fingers interlocked.
Rotational rubbing of left thumb Rotational rubbing, backwards Rinse hands with water.
clasped in right palm and vice and forwards with clasped
versa. fingers of right hand in left palm
and vice versa.
Dry thoroughly with a single-use Use paper towel to turn off …and your hands are safe.
paper towel. faucet.
8
w;a fiaÿï ia:dkj, my; foa ;sìh hq;=h(
WKqiqï yd isis,a c,h" m%;snelaàÍh inka" fi!LHdrlaIs; f,i w;a úh<Sfï l%uh" wmøjH nyd¨ï'
fiajd fhdaclhkaf.a ld¾hNdrh
msßisÿ c,h" inka iy úh<Sfï myiqlï we;=¿ ishü wdydr mßyrKh lrkakkag w;a fia§fï myiqlï
iemhSug wdydr jHdmdr $ wdh;k wjYH fõ' fuu w;a fiaÿï uOHia:dk Ndú;d lrkqfha w;a" w;a iy uqyqK
fia§u i|yd ñi wdydr ms<sfh, lsÍu i|yd fkdjk nj Tjqka iy;sl l< hq;=h'
/lshd ia:dkfha yeisÍï
uq¿;ekaf.fhys wmf.a yeisÍu wdydr wmú;% ùfï fya;=jla úh yels w;r" Tn is;Sulska f;drj lrk iuyr
foaj,a nrm;, ydkslr úh yelsh'
fiajd ia:dkh jgd .uka lrk úg my; foa lrkak(
i,do" msiQ uia fyda m<;=re jeks wdydr wkqNj lsÍug iQodkï ùfï oS wkjYH iïnkaO;d meje;aùfuka
j<lskak' wdydr wdidokh ùfï wjodku ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq lrk nj fuhska ikd: lr we;'
leiai fyda lsúiqï hdu Tfí w;aj,g isoq lf,a kï" iEu úgu Tfí oE;a fyd¢ka fia§u iy w;ajeiqï udre
lrkak'
wdydr ms<sfh< lsÍfï§ lsis úfgl;a Tfí uqyqK" ysiflia" wdNrK fyda we÷ï iam¾Y fkdlrkak'
Tfí weÕs,sj,ska wdydr f.k hk Ndck j, we;s wdydr j, ri n,kak tmd'
ÿï fndkak tmd' Tng ÿï mdkh lsÍug wjYH kï" wdydr ms<sfh, lrk iEu m%foaYhlskau bj;aj th isoq
lrk njg j. n,d .kak" bkamiq Tfí w;a iy uqyqK fyd¢ka fia§u isoq lrkak'
frÈ fyda lvodis ;=jdhla Ndú;fhka Tfí uqyqfKka oyäh msi oukak" bkamiq Tfí w;a fyd¢ka fidaokak'
wdydr ms<sfh< lsÍfï§ pqxka.ï iemSfuka j<lskak'
uq¿;ekaf.fhys tla m%foaYhl isg ;j;a m%foaYhlg .uka lrk úg tam%kh iy w;ajeiqï jeks wdrlaIs;
we÷ï udre lrkak'
jevfmd<j,a w;r .uka lsÍu iïnkaOfhka we;s Tfí wdh;kfha m%;sm;a;s ms<snoj ieuúgu oekqj;a jkak'
fyd¢ka wdydr .ekSfuka" fyd¢ka ksod.ekSfuka" msßisÿj isàu" w;a fyd¢ka fia§u frda.dndO j<lajd .ekSug
WmldÍ fõ'
Tn wikSm ù fyda ;=jd, ù we;akï l=ula l< hq;= oehs oek .ekSfuka jvd;a nrm;, wikSm fyda ;=jd,
j<lajd .; yelsh'
uq¿;ekaf.fhys Nhdkl l%shdldrlï j<lajd .ekSfuka ;=jd, j<lajd .; yelsh'
yÈis wjia:djl§ l=ula l< hq;= oehs oek .ekSfuka mqoa.,sl fi!LHhg yd wdrlaIdjg we;s wjodku j<lajd
.; yelsh'
jeo.;a oekaùï" ix{d" fmdaiag¾" fi!LHh" ikSmdrlaIdj iy wdrlaIdj ms<sn| f;dr;=re lshùfuka mqoa.,
fi!LHhg yd wdrlaIdjg we;s wjodku j<lajd .; yelsh'
uq¿;ekaf.h iy tys we;s iEu fohlau ksjerÈj Ndú;d lsÍfuka mqoa.,sl fi!LHhg yd wdrlaIdjg we;s
wjodku wju lr .; yelsh ^ridhksl øjH msßisÿ lsÍu" levqKq WmlrK" úÿ,s plug ponts ish,a,u
wjodkï&'
9
we÷ï
wmsßisÿ we÷ï hkq uq¿;ekaf.fhys wdidokhg m%Odk;u fya;=jla jk w;r tu.ska nelaàßhd tla ia:dkhl isg
;j;a ia:dkhlg f.k hd yelsh'
nelaàßhd me;sÍu je<elaùu i|yd ishü we÷ï fidaokq ,eîu yd ksjerÈj .nvd lsÍu jeo.;ah' we÷ï
me<÷ï o laIqøÔù wdidokfhka f;drj msßisÿúh hq;=h" thska woyia jkafka weÕ¨ï u; we;s laIqøÔùkaf.a
m%udKh wdrlaIs; uÜgulg wvq lr we;s njhs' iEu úgu fyd| ;;a;ajfha msßisÿ lsÍfï ksIamdok Ndú;d
lrkak' wmú;% úh yels m%Njhkaf.ka wE;aj msßisÿ we÷ï úh<s ia:dkhl .nvd lsÍug j. n,d .kak'
w;ajeiqï iy ysiajeiï jeks fndfyda wdrlaIs; whs;u ks¾udKh lr we;af;a tla jrla muKla jk w;r tajd
Ndú;fhka miq neyer l< hq;= w;r kej; Ndú;d fkdl< hq;=h' È.= flia iEu úgu msgqmig ne| ;sìh hq;=
w;r ysiflia wdjrKhg fkÜ tlla Ndú;d lsÍu jvd;a iqÿiqh' iaj¾KdNrK o wju jYfhka me,osh hq;=h'
Tfí uq¿;ekaf.hs ks, we÷u w¢kak
Tfí uq¿;ekaf.hs ks, we÷u wdidokh je<elaúh yels ;j;a l%uhls' Tn iQmfõÈfhl= $ bjqï msyqïlrefjl=
ùug mqyqKq jk úg mjd Tn ks, we÷ula we¢h hq;=h' fuu ks, we÷ï m%dfhda.sl jákdlula we;s w;r
uq¿;ekaf.fhys Èkm;d iQmfõ§ka uqyqK fok wmyiq;d wju lsÍu i|yd úfYaIfhka ks¾udKh lrk ,oaols'
TOQUE
100 fold initially

signified status.
Today it is worn COAT
for protective
purposes. Double-breasted
to cover up spills
and heavy cotton to
insulate from heat.
APRON
Added protection
from spills and PANTS
hazards.
Loose and
checkered pattern
or black pants
distract from
spills and allows
movement in the
kitchen.
SHOES
Slip-resistant black
leather shoes
prevent falls.
10
iQmfõ§ wdrlaIdj
ks, we÷fï fudaia;r ksrAudKh i|yd jvd;a jeo.;au moku jkafka wdrlaIdjhs' WKqiqï øj iy wdydr fukau
jdIam iQmfõoshdf.a isrerg jeoS ;=jd, ùu je<elaùu i|yd tam%Kh we;=¿j iEu we÷ï fldgilau ks¾udKh
lr we;' th celÜgqjla jeks b;d >klñka hqla; yd ,sys,ah'
iQmfõoshdf.a celÜgqfõ fnd;a;ï mjd idudkHfhka ma,diaála fyda f,day yer fjk;a øjHhlska idohs' ma,diaála
Èhù hd yels w;r f,day b;d blau‚ka WKqiqï úh yelsh-tneúka celÜgqjg .skakla we;s jqjfyd;a th ksjd
.ekSu ÿIalrh'
f;;a ìïj, ,siaid hdfï wjodku wju lsÍu i|yd ,siaik iq,q fkdjk im;a;= wjYH fõ'
iqjmyiq wdydr msiSu
bjqï msyqï hkafkka woyia lrkafka mqoa.,hd WKqiqï WmlrK yd .sksoe,a iuÕ lghq;= lrk njhs" iuyr úg
WIaKld,fha§ jdhqiólrK Ndú;h wêl úh yel' ks, we÷u >k øjH j,ska idod we;s kuq;a th wmyiq ke;"
tneúka hï jdhq ixirKhla ta ;=, mj;S'
Tn oel we;s iuyr uq¿;ekaf.fhys iQmfõÈka m<osk b;d Wi f;dmamsh ndysr uq¿;ekaf.hs ;dmh iy YÍr
WKqiqu hk foflysu ;dmh iQmfõ§kaf.a ysfika by<g yd thska wE;a ùug bv i,ihs' ;jo iQmfõ§kaf.a flá
wdldrfha f;dmamso mj;S'fïjdfhys ysia ln,g by<ska ysoeila we;' slip fkdjk im;a;= j, fyd| wdOdrlhla
iy boxi weÕs,s we;s w;r uq¿;ekaf.hs meh lsysmhla jevl,;a tu.ska iQmfõoshdf.a mdo ßoSu j,lhs'
wdydr ikSmdrlaIdj
ks, we÷u mdßfNda.slhd iy wdydr wdrlaId lrhs¦ fjk;a jpk j,ska lsjfyd;a" th fyd| wdydr
ikSmdrlaIdjla $ wdrlaIdjla i|yd odhl fõ' Tn olsk fndfyda iQmfõoSkaf.a fn,a, jgd m,¢k Scarf tlla
jeks fros lene,a, u.ska Tjqkaf.a f;dmamsfhys we;s ysiflia iy tys we;s oyäh ìkaÿ wdydr j,g jeàu
j,lhs' th idudkHfhka lmq fros j,ska ilid we;s w;r oyäh ìkaÿ Wrd .ekSug WmldÍ fõ'
fndfyda iQmfõ§kaf.a ks, we÷fï iqÿ meyeh mjd iqjmyiqj iy ikSmdrlaIdj i|yd WmldÍ fõ' iqÿ meyeh
u.ska iQmfõ§kaf.a YÍrfhka wE;aj ;dmh mrdj¾;kh lrk w;r th uq¿;ekaf.hg msßisÿ fmkqula ,nd fohs'
we;a; jYfhkau" iqÿ meyeh wdydr ye,S hduloS iqoqiq fkdfõ" kuq;a ks, we÷ug ye,S we;s wdydr meyeos,sj
fmfkk neúka msßisÿ lsÍu myiqh' wjkay,a iQmfõ§kaf.a ks, we÷ï i|yd úúO j¾K Ndú;d lsÍu idudkH
fohla ù we;" kuq;a iqÿ meyeh idudkH wdldrhu f,i mj;S'
fydag,a ld¾h uKav,hg nj
mqyqKq iQmfõ§ka m%cdjg wh;a njg yeÕSula ks, we÷fuka ks¾udKh lrhs' isiqjl= úiska WKqiqï uq,q;ekaf.hl
isg MEKq lsysmhla lmk úg Tyq — uKav,h˜ iy —wh;a˜ nj u;lhg fkdtk w;r" tu ks, we÷u wfkla whg
ix{d lrkafka mqyqKqjkakka o ld¾h uKav,fha fldgila nj;a Tjqka wfkla ish,a,ka iuÕ tu uq¿;ekaf.
fhys isák nj;ah' mqyqKqjkakkag Tjqka ,nk mqyqKqj lS¾;su;a jD;a;shlg uÕ fmkajk nj th u;la lr fohs'
11
uq¿;ekaf.hs ks, we÷fï fldgia(
1) iQmfõ§ lndh fyda iQmfõ§ celÜgqj
idudkH iQmfõ§ lndhla m%xY niska VEST BLANC f,io ye¢kafõ' th iqÿ lmq frÈ j,ska idod we;'
th iQmfõ§ ks, we÷fï jeo.;au fldgils' iQmfõ§hdf.a lndfhys m%Odk ld¾hh jkafka wdydr
msiSfïoS ;dmfhka iQmfõ§ka wdrlaId lsÍuhs' lndh iEu úgu oaú;aj Wrud j,ska hqla; jk w;r tuÕska
iQmfõ§kag ms,siaiqï ;=jd, yd ;=jd, j<lajd .; yelsh'
2) iQmfõ§ l,siu
iQmfõ§ l,siu wjia:dj wkqj l¿ fyda fldgq iys; r;= úh yel' l,siï ks¾udKh lr we;af;a ls,sá
nj fmksu ieÕùu i|yd h' fïjd o >k lmq frÈ j,ska idod we;s w;r" iQmfõoshd ;dmfhka wdrlaId
lrhs'
3) iQmfõ§ ysiajeiau / iQmfõ§ ldka;djkaf.a ysia jeiqu
iQmfõ§ ks, we÷fï jeo.;au fldgia j,ska tlla' fuu f;dmamsfhys m%Odk wruqK jkafka wdydrj,
ysiflia jeàu je<elaùuhs' uq¿;ekaf.fhys jev lrk w;r;=r ckkh jk oyäh wjfYdaIKh lr
.ekSu i|yd o th ks¾udKh lr we;' iQmfõÈfhl= f,i fiajh lrk mqoa.,hdg fjkila tla lsÍug
o th m<|S isà'
4) iQmfõ§ Scarf
idudkHfhka iQmfõ§hdf.a f., m%foaYh jgd iQmfõ§ scarf me<| isák w;r idudkHfhka bÈßmi .eg
.id we;' fïjd idïm%odhslj ks¾udKh lr we;af;a Tfí fn,a, jgd we;s oyäh wjfYdaIKh lr
.ekSu i|yd h' fuu scarf j, we;s úúO j¾Khka u.ska ixúOdkfha iQmfõ§kaf.a uÜgu oelaùug o
fhdod .kS'
5) tam%kh
th idudkHfhka >k lmq frÈ j,ska idod we;s w;r th iQmfõ§hdf.a bK m%foaYh jgd me<| isà' ;dmh
yd WKqiqï øj j,ska iQmfõoshdg Wmßu wdrlaIdjla ,nd §u i|yd tam%kh oKysig my< ;rï os. úh
hq;=h' th Tnf.a ks, we÷u wmsßisÿ ùu j<lajhs'
6) im;a;=
uq¿;ekaf.hs jD;a;slhskag uq¿;ekaf.fhys jev lrk w;r;=r im;a;= me<£u wksjd¾h fõ' tajd l¿
iy ,siaik iq¿ fkdúh hq;=h' tu.ska Tfí mdohg jefgk WKqiqï øj fyda jia;+ka u.ska mdoh ;=jd, ùu
j<lajhs'
12
7) uq¿;ekaf.hs ¥ú,s msiakd
fïjd ks, we÷fï fldgila f,i fkdie,flk kuq;a iQmfõÈfhl=g ksis f,i jev lsÍug tajd b;d jeo.;a
fõ' fïjd iQmfõ§ka úiska Ndú;d lrk >k lmq frÈ j,ska idod we;s - m%Odk jYfhka WmlrK" fïi"
WmlrK" wdydr øjH wdÈh msioeóu i|yd fhdod .kS'
mqoa.,sl fi!LHh
Tn wikSm úh yels hehs Tn iel lrkafka kï fyda oefkkafka kï Tn lsis úfgl;a wka whg wdydr
ms<sfh< fkdl< hq;=h' fuysoS wdidokh ùug jeä bvla we;s neúka wdydr yiqrejkakka wikSmj isák úg
wdydr iuÕ jev lsÍu ;ykï fõ'iuyr ffjria nelaàßhd j,g wdydr yryd iïfma%IKh l< yels w;r
§¾> ld,hla ;siafia wdydr u; /os fkdkeiS mej;sh yelsh' wikSm úh yels ´kEu wdydr yiqrejkafkl=
jydu wdydr iuÕ jev lsÍu keje;aùu t;rï jeo.;a jkafka tneúks'
WK ikaksmd;h" fld,rdj" fix.ud,h" laIh frda.h iy wdudY wdka;%h jeks wdydr iuÕ jev lsÍfuka Tn
bj;aúh hq;= frda.dndO j,g we;=<;a fõ' mdpkh" jukh" nfâ lelal=u" W.=f¾ wudrej fyda WK jeks frda.
,laIK we;s úg Tn wdydr iuÕ jev fkdl< hq;=h'
Tn wikSm ù we;s njg Tn iel lrkafka kï" Tn jydu Tfí wëlaIl fj; oekqï § jydu wdydr iuÕ
jev lsÍu k;r l< hq;=h' Tn wikSm ùu ksid /lshdj w;miq jqjfyd;a$hdug fkdyels jqjfyd;a" Tng
wdrlaIs;j kej; /lshdjg hd yels úg th ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd ffjoHjrfhl=f.ka ffjoH iy;slhla
wjYH úh yelsh'
Tng wdydr iuÕ jev lsÍu kj;sh oeñh hq;af;a frda.dndO j,oS muKla fkdfõ' lemSu";=jd, ùu" fyda
YÍrfhys f.ä j,ska mSvd ú¢k ´kEu wdydr yiqrejkafkl= msßisÿ" fyd| ;;a;ajfha we÷ï yd fj¿ï má
Ndú;fhka Tjqkaf.a ;=jd, wdjrKh lr we;s nj iy;sl l< hq;= w;r tajd ksrka;rfhka udre lrk njg
iy;sl úh hq;=h' weia" lka fyda kdifhka ;=jd,h wdidokh ùfï fyda msgjk ;;ajhka jydu jd¾;d l< hq;=
w;r" tjeks wjia:dj, wdydr yiqrejkakd fiajd ia:dkfha ´kEu wdydr mßyrKh lrk ia:dkhlska wE;aj
isáh hq;=h'
mqoa.,sl fi!LHh i|yd msßlaiqï ,ehsia;=jla ;nd .kak(
Tn wikSm jQ úg /lshdjg fkdhkak' Tfí l<ukdlreg th

okajkak'
;jÿrg;a wikSm ùu j<lajhs'
Tn jev lsÍfï§ b;d wikSm ù we;akï" úfYaIfhka nfâ fõokdj
i.hka yd wuq;a;ka fj; úIîc
fyda WK" fix.ud,h" mdpkh" jukh fyda W.=f¾ wudrej - Tn th
me;sÍu j<lajhs'
Tfí wëlaIl fyda l<ukdlre fj; jd¾;d lr jydu f.or hkak'
wdydr wdidokh ùu j<lajhs'
Tng fmfkk wdldrfhka wdidokh jQ ifï ;=jd, $ újD; ;=jd,
^f.ä" lemqï wdÈh& fyda lka" weia" kdifhka neyer ù we;akï Tn
th Tfí wëlaIl fyda l<ukdlre fj; jd¾;d lr jydu f.or
hkak'
ÿï mdkhfhys ksr; fkdjkak "

wikSm j,g ;=vq Èh yels
fl< .eiSu" iemSu fyda wdydr .ekSu"
nelaàßhd me;sÍu j<lajhs'
wkdrlaIs; wdydr u;g lsúiqï heùu fyda leiai we;sùu'
13
mqoa.,sl wdrlaIdj
ksis f,i ixúOdkh jQ fiajd ia:dkhl" wju jQ udkisl fyda YdÍßl wd;;shlska hq;=j Tfí hq;=lï bgq lsÍug
Tng yels úh hq;=h' jHdmdrsl uq¿;ekaf.hl jev lsÍu is;a.kakdiq¿ kuq;a th o fjfyi uykais ù jev
lsÍuls' isÿúh yels wk;=re" wjodkï iy isÿúh yels wk;=re ms<sn|j oekqj;a ùu jeo.;ah'
úh yels wjia:d iy tajdfha m%;súmdl(
isÿùu iajhx úmdl fydag,hg we;sjk m%;súmdl
jev lsÍug fkdyels ùu ta Y%uh ke;sùu wdodhï wysñùug

fiajd ia:dkfha oS ;=jd, ùu
fya;=fjka wdodhu wysñ ùu fya;= fõ
Y%uh ke;sùu wdodhï wysñùug

wikSm /lshdj wysñ ùu
fya;= fõ
jev lsÍug fkdyels ùu" Y%uh ke;sùu wdodhï wysñùug

udkisl wd;;sh
/lshdj wysñ ùu fya;= fõ
wdrlaIs;j fyda fyd¢ka jev Y%uh ke;sùu wdodhï wysñùug

kskao fkdue;slu
lsÍug fkdyels ùu fya;= fõ
fiajd ia:dk j, wk;=re i|yd ksYaÑ; WodyrK fukak(
;;a;ajh fuu ;;ajhka ;=< isÿúh yelafla l=ulao@
f;,a iys; fyda f;;a ìula jefgk" levqKq wiaÓ
msßisÿ lsÍfï ridhksl øjH ñY% lsÍu ridhksl úI ùu
/lshd ia:dkfhkaa ysßyer lsÍu jev lsÍug fm<Uùu ke;s ùu
nr fïi fyda .Dy NdKav f.khdu jeàu";=jd, ùu
wdl%uKYS,S wuq;a;ka /lshdjg meñŒug we;s ìh
Yd,dfõ nE.a ;eîu jeàu
jev fuj,ï bj;a lsÍu ;=jd, ùug fya;= fõ
mä fm< by<g yd my<g f.k hdu jeàu" YÍrhg ;=jd, ùu
levqKq ùÿre lemqï yd wdidok
levqKq light fixture úÿ,s ier jeoSu
WKqiqï f;,a iuÕ msiSu ms<siaiqï" .skak
14
uq¿;ekaf.hs fuj,ï ljqkagrfha ;eîu YÍrhg ;=jd, ùu
läuqäfha t<j¿ lemSu w; lemsu
wjysr l< mäfm< jeàu" ysig fyda YÍrhg ;=jd, ùu
jerÈ plug point úÿ,s ier jeoSu
wjysr jQ yÈis msgùu yÈis wjia:d j,oS yÈis urKfhka fírsug

fkdyelsh
jeämqr jev lsÍu f;fyÜgqj" wd;;sh" fm<Uùu ke;sùu
Nhdkl ;;ajhka yd wk;=re j<lajd .kafka flfiao
1& YÍrfha myiqfjka ;=jd, úh yels m%foaY .ek ie,ls,su;a jkak - Wrysia" msgqmig" ue‚la lgqj" j<¨lr"
oKysi" mdo iy weÕs,s ^Tijd $ /f.k hdu& k<," w;a iy weÕs,s ^ms<siaiqï yd lemSï&
2& ksjerÈ tijqï l%u Ndú;d lrkak

nr NdKav tiùu fyda /f.k hdu ÿIalr yd Nhdkl h' th msgqmi" by< w;a md iy oKysfia ;=jd, j,g
fya;= úh yel' fuu ;=jd, iqj ùug fndfyda ld,hla .;fõ' whs;uhla Tijk úg lreKdlr tjeks ;=jd,
j<lajd .ekSug wod, l%shd mámdáh wkq.ukh lrkak'
PLAN THE LIFT

When planning the lift ask yourself the following questions:
Can I do it by myself or do I need help/a team/ a trolley?

Can I break a large load into smaller loads?
Where am I taking this load? Which path should I take?
Can I move the load by trolley to the destination before lifting?
GET INTO POSITION

Do not bend your back. Keep your back straight. Bend your knees.
Do not start from a sitting position/Start in a good posture.
Get a good hold of the load.
LIFT AND CARRY

Turn your feet and not your back when turning direction.
Keep load at waist level so you can see where you are going.
PUT THE LOAD DOWN

Do not bend your back. Keep your back strainght. BEnd your knees.
15
3& fyd¢ka lEu lkak iy ksod.kak'

Tn wêl f,i fjfyig m;aj isà kï fyda jeämqr fjfyi uykais ù jev lrkafka kï ;=jd,hla fyda
wikSmhla we;sùfï bvlv jeäh' wdydr .ekSfuka je<lS isàu wikSm yd f;fyÜgqjg fya;= úh yel'
4& wdrlaIs; we÷ï w¢kak îQmfõ§kaf.a ks, we÷u n,kak&'
5& Tfí mqoa.,sl NdKav locker tll fyda ld¾h uKav, ldurfha wdrlaIs; ia:dkhl ;nkak' fuh mdvq
ùu fyda fidrlï ùu j<lajhs' fydag,h ms<sfj,g ;nd .ekSug;a" Yd,djla fyda fodrla wjysr lsÍfuka
wd.ka;=lhdg wk;=rla jk whs;u bj;a lsÍug;a th WmldÍ fõ'
6& Tn u;aøjH fyda u;ameka mdkh lr we;akï /lshdjg fkdhkak'
7& Wmøj ms<sn| oekqj;aNdjh fyda wdrlaIdj iy ikSmdrlaIdj ms<sn| oekqj;aNdjh f.dvkxjk ´kEu
wdldrhl mqyqKqjla lrkak' Tnu oekqj;a lrkak'
8& Tng yels kï m%:udOdr .ek bf.k .kak'
9& u;=msgla msßisÿ lsÍug Tng wjYH foa yßhgu oek .kak - ksjerÈ msßisÿ lsÍfï ldrl" ksjerÈ wdrlaIl
we÷ï" ksjerÈ msßisÿ lsÍfï fuj,ï'
10& Tn úiskau hula lsÍug W;aidy lsÍug fmr wdrlaIs; mßirhla ;=< mqyqKq jkak'
11& wjYH úgl Wmldr b,a,d isákak'
12& Tfí fiajd mßirh iy Tn Ndú;d lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk WmlrK .ek bf.k .kak' Tng b.ekaùug
flfkl= ,nd .kak'
13& ydkshg m;a WmlrK Tn ÿgqjfyd;a l=ula l< hq;= oehs oek .kak' úÿ,s WmlrKj, .eg¨jla Tn
ÿgqjfyd;a jd¾;d l< hq;af;a ldgoehs oek .kak'
14& úÿ,s WmlrK Ndú;d lsÍfï§ m%fõYï jkak'

úÿ,s WmlrK"úÿ,sh" jerÈ f,i yeisrjQ úg iy WKq j;=r u.ska w;a j,g $ ue‚la lgqjg nrm;,
ms,siaiqï jeks ;=jd, isÿúh yelsh'
´kEu úÿ,s WmlrKhla l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ tajdfha w;afmd;a m%fõYfuka lshjkak'
m%fõYfuka yd ksjerÈj úÿ,s WmlrK Ndú;d lrkafka flfiaoehs bf.k .ekSug Tng Woõ lsÍug fcHIaG
ld¾h uKav,fhka b,a,d isákak'
15& Tn fiajd ia:dkhl isÿùulg $ wk;=rlg iïnkaO jqjfyd;a Tfí fydag,fha l%shd mámdá $ fm%dfgdaflda,h
wkq.ukh lrkak' wod< mqoa.,hska jydu oekqï § isoaêh $ wk;=r wkd.; úu¾Ykh i|yd igyka lr we;s
njg iy;sl jkak'
16
isÿúh yels YdÍßl isÿùï yereKq úg Tfí wdrlaIdjg yd fi!LHhg n,mdk udkisl Wmøj ms<sn|jo Tn
oekqj;a úh hq;=h'
udkisl Wmøj ms<sn| WodyrK iy tajd j<lajd .kafka flfiao(
udkisl Wmøj úhyels wjodkï j<lajd .kafka flfiao
wdl%uKYS,S YdÍßl ;=jd, ùfï wjodku' ikaiqka jkak'

wd.ka;=lhka
jydu wëlaIl fyda l<ukdlre fj;
jd¾;d lrkak'
i.hka w;r udkisl wd;;sfha wjodku' ksyvj ÿla fkdjkak'

ysßyerhg ,laùu'
wëlaIl fyda l<ukdlre fj; jd¾;d
lrkak'
,sx.sl w;rjrh udkisl wd;;sh $ lïmkh yd jev ksyvj ÿla fkdjkak'

ld¾hlaIu;dj ke;sùfï wjodku'
Tfí whs;Ska oek.kak'
wëlaIl fyda l<ukdlreg fyda Tng

Woõ l< yels ixúOdkhlg jd¾;d
lrkak'
wêl jev lsÍfuka YdÍßl ;=jd,ùï yd udkisl wd;;sh ks;sm;d úfõl .kak'
f;fyÜgqj iy $ lïmkh we;sùfï wjodku
wd;;sh' iy tu ksid jev ld¾hlaIu;dj Tnf.a l<ukdlre iuÕ ld¾higyk
ke;sùu' ms<snoj idlÉPd lrkak'
Tfí i.hkaf.a iy Tfí wdh;kfha wuq;a;kaf.a fi!LHh yd wdrlaIdj i,ld n,kak'
uyck wdrlaIdj hkq l=ulao@
th fydag,fha isák Tfí i.hkaf.a iy Tfí wuq;a;kaf.a wdrlaIdjhs'
uyck wdrlaIdj iy;sl lrkafka flfiao@
mqoa.,sl wdrlaIl Wmfoia wkq.ukh lsÍfuka ^by; n,kak& $ ksjdi kS;s $ ixia:dms; l%shd mámdá'
Wmøj fudkjdo iy tajdhska we;súh yels wjodku f;areï .ekSfuka'
Tng fm!oa.,slj lghq;= l< yels wjodkï fudkjdoehs ;lafiare lsÍfuka'
isÿúh yels wk;=re" wk;=re fyda wdikak wk;=re jd¾;d lsÍfï jeo.;alu wjfndaO lr .ekSfuka" hful=g
ydkshla fyda foam, ydks ùu je<elaùu jd¾;d lsÍu WmldÍ fõ'
Tfí fydag,fha isÿúh yels wk;=re jd¾;d lsÍug Tng wjYH ljqrekaoehs oek .ekSu'
Wmøj l%udkql+,j úi|d .; yels jk mßÈ úh yels Wmøj igyka lsÍu'
17
úhyels Wmøjhla .ek wka whg wk;=re weÕùu'

wdrlaIl WmlrK fidhd.; yelafla fldfykaoehs oek .ekSfuka( .sks ksjk WmlrK" m%:udOdr fmÜá"
ä*hsì%f,agrhka hkdÈh'
Tfí jgmsgdj .ek oekqj;a ùfuka'
.sks wdrlaIdj ms<sn| bf.kSfuka iy .sks wNHdij, fh§fuka'
Wmøj oekqj;a lsÍu iy wjodkï l<ukdlrKh
Wmøjhla hkq l=ulao@
tc. Wmøjhla hkq ldhsl fyda udkisl ;;ajhla fyda wk;=rla" yÈis wk;=re wdÈh we;sùfï yelshdj ks¾udKh
lrk ;;ajhls'
Wmøj oekqj;a lsÍu hkq l=ulao@
Wmøj ms<sn| oekqj;aNdjh hkq Tfí jgmsgdj ms<sn|j oekqj;a ùug Tnj mqyqKq lsÍfï l%uhls' n,kak" ijka
fokak" Tn jgd isÿjk foa ie,ls,a,g .kak'
wjodkï l<ukdlrKh hkq l=ulao@
fuh wk;=reodhl wk;=re njg m;aùu je<elaùug WmldÍ jk moaO;shls'
fN!;sl Wmøj ms<sn| WodyrK iy tajd iuÕ lghq;= lrkafka flfiao(
fN!;sl Wmøj úhyels wjodkï j<lajd .kafka flfiao
l=Kq n÷klg úis ishü .sks Wmøjhka .skakl ldurj, iy fmdÿ ia:dkj, w¿
l< oefjk is.rÜ ;¾ckh u;= lrhs' ´kEu .skakloS n÷ka ;nd .kak'
tlla ÿï wdYajdi lsÍfuka fyda ms,siaiqï
;=jd, ùfuka fyda urKhg fya;= msúiqï iy msgùï ms<sn| ksrka;r
wjysr l< msúiqu $ úh yel' ´kEu .skakla foam, j,g mÍlaId lr wjysr;d bj;a lrkak'
msgùu nrm;, ydkshla isÿ l< yelsh'
ishü fmdÿ ia:dk meyeÈ,sj yd
l%shd fkdlrk .sks msßisÿj ;nd .kak'
ksjk WmlrKhla
fydag,fha ishü m%foaYj, plug
wk;=re weÕùfï point mÍlaId lrkak'
ix{d fyda .sks ksjk
WmlrK fkdue;slu .sks wdrlaIK fmdaiag¾ $ ix{d"
.sks ksjk WmlrK iy wk;=re
lïì $ flan,hla weÕùfï ix{d mj;ajd.ksñka tajd
ksis f,i kv;a;= lrkak' fuu whs;u
jerÈ plug point fydag,fha wod< ia:dkj, ;nd .kak'
tlla
ishü úÿ,s WmlrK" jh¾ iy
fodaI iys; úÿ,s flan,a mÍlaId lr kv;a;= lrkak'
WmlrKhla
18
WKqiqï msisk f;,a f;,a iuÕ msiSfï§ m%fõYï jkak'
ksjd oud ke;s .Eia $ ishü .Eia Wÿka fyda úÿ,s WmlrK
úÿ,s Wÿkla' Ndú;fha fkdue;s úg l%shd úrys; lr
we;aoehs mÍlaId lrkak'
idudkH .sks ksùfï wNHdi lrkak'
.sks wdrlaIdj .ek bf.k .kak'
wod< mqoa.,hskag ´kEu Wmøjhla

jd¾;d lrkak'
m<sfndaOlhka uÿrejka fvx.= fyda uef,aßhdj jeks m<sfndaOlhkaf.a fndaùfï i,l=Kq

ûÿrejka" frda. m;=rjhs' we;aoehs ne,su i|yd ishü fmdÿ
lerfmd;a;ka" óhka& lerfmd;a;kaf.a u<my wdydr ia:dk iy wmøjH l<ukdlrK
wmú;% ùug fyda wid;añl;djkag m%foaY wëlaIKh lsÍu'
fya;= úh yel'
óhka iy óhkaf.a u<my o frda. lerfmd;a;ka iy óhka W.=,a i|yd
me;srSug fya;= jk w;r tajdfha ;sr" oe,a ñ,oS .kak'
meje;au wdydr wdidokh yd $ fyda
frda.dndOj,g fya;= úh yel' uÿre úl¾Il ^úÿ,s& wd.ka;=l
ldurj, ;nd .kak'
wdydr .nvd lrk m%foaYj,
wdydr .nvd m<sfndaOlhka fndaùu nrm;, f,i óhka fyda lDñ úI bisk Ndú;d
lrk m%foaYj, wdydr wmú;% ùu" wdydr ksIamdok fkdlrkak' fuh nrm;, f,i wdydr
m<sfndaOlhka fndaùu ke;sùu iy wdydr bj; oeñh hq;= wmú;% ùulg fukau úI wi, jev
neúka uqo,a wysñ ùu isoqfõ' fuh lrk ´kEu flfkl=f.a fi!LHhg
wdh;kfha wdodhug n,mdhs' wk;=rla o fya;= úh yelsh'
m<sfndaO wdidÈ; m%foaYj,g

wuq;a;kag fyda fjk;a ld¾h
uKav,hg hdug bv fkdfokak'
wod< mqoa.,hskag wjYH ´kEu

f;dr;=rla jd¾;d lrkak'
msßisÿ lsÍfï ñksiqkag ,siaid hdu" jeàu ksid wiaÓ ,siaik ìula .ek wk;=re weÕùug
WmlrK j,ska ì£u jeks ;=jd, isoqfõ i,l=Kla Ndú;d lrkak'
,siaik $ f;;a ìï
iy È.= úÿ,s flan,a' ìula uÈk fyda msßisÿ lrk njg
wk;=re weÕùug i,l=Kla Ndú;d
lrkak'
19
WKq j;=r wk;=re - WKq j;=r wk;=re j,ska nrm;, ish¿u c, ;dmk WmlrK fyd¢ka
ms<siaiqï we;s úh yel' kv;a;= lr Ndú;hg fmr fyd¢ka
l%shd úrys; c, mÍlaId l< hq;=h'
;dmlh" c,
fnodyßk WmlrK ldkaÿ jQ Èhr ,siaid jeàug fya;= ms<s.ekaùug fmr f;a iy fldams
fyda fla;,h' úh yel' Ndck ksjerÈj yeisrùug mqreÿ
jkak'
WKq l< îu ye,Su
úÿ,s WmlrK ksjerÈj Ndú;d
lrkafka flfiaoehs oek .kak'
ye,qKq jydu msßisÿ lrkak
levqKq ùÿre levqKq ùÿrej lemSï yd ;=jd, levqKq ùÿrejla jydu yd ksjerÈj
ùfï wjodkula we;s w;r tajdhska bj;a lr neyer lrkak'
iuyrla Ôú;hg ;¾ckhla úh
yelsh' ùÿre $ ydkshg m;a fyda levqKq
whs;u we;s ishü m%foaY wëlaIKh
$ mÍlaId lr jydu bj;a lrkak'
ydkshg m;a fyda ydkshg m;a whs;u lemSï yd ;=jd,
levqKq uq¿;ekaf. ùfï wjodku u;= lrhs' wod< mqoa.,hskag ´kEu Wmøjhla
hs WmlrK iy jd¾;d lrkak'
WmlrK
wmsßisÿ yd wjq,a tjeks m%foaY wk;=re j,ska fmdÿ ia:dk $ uy,a ks;sm;d
iy.; fmdÿ ia:dk wdidokhg fyda ;=jd, ùug fya;= ms<sfj,g" msßisÿ lr úIîcyrKh
úh yel' lrkak'
wmøjH $ l=Kq n÷ka msÍ b;sÍ hk wmøjH n÷ka ish¨ wmøjHh ksjerÈj yd jydu neyer
msgdr .e,Su $msÍ j¾.j, m<sfndaOlhkag yd i;=kaf.a lrkak'
b;sÍ hdu me;srSug fya;= fõ' fuu.ska wdydr
wmú;% ùu iy fydag,fha isák wmøjHh n÷ka j, mshka ;nd .kak'
mqoa.,hskag ;=jd, ùfï wjodkula
we;' wmøjH l<ukdlrK ld,igykla
^fhduqj( wmøjH l<ukdlrK ;nd .kak
wxYh&
WmøjldÍ msßisÿ úI ùu ^wdYajdi lsÍu& iy wdydr wdrlaIs; ia:dkhl .nvd lr ksjerÈ

lsÍfï ridhksl øjH wmú;% ùfï wjodku' wdldrfhka ;nkak'
ridhksl øjH ksjerÈj Ndú;d

lrkafka flfiao hkak ms<sn|
ksIamdolhskaf.a Wmfoia lshjkak'
wdrlaIs; we÷ï w¢kak iy ridhksl

øjH Ndú;d lrk úg m%foaYh fyd¢ka
jd;dY%h lrkak'
20
mqoa.,sl iy uyck wdrlaIdj i|yd uQ,sl jkafka l,n, fkdùu" fmdÿ ia:dkj, .uka fkdlsÍu iy úúO
wjia:djkays§ l=ula l< hq;= oehs oek .ekSuhs' olaI jkak'
Tnf.a m%foaYh i|yd we;s yÈis wxl iEu úgu myiqfjka ,nd .kak'
Tnf.a fiajd wjldYfha ishü m%foaY msßisÿj ;nd .kak'
B: uq¿;ekaf.hs ikSmdrlaIdj
uq¿;ekaf.hs ikSmdrlaIdj uÕska uq¿;ekaf.h iy Tfí jevfmd< ^Tfí m%Odk fiajd wjldYh& msßisÿj yd
ikSmdrlaIl f,i ;nd .kafka flfiaoehs fidhd n,hs'ta ioyd uQ,sl kS;s lsysmhla(
1. w;a fia§u - Tfí oE;a msßisÿj ;nd .ekSu uq¿;ekaf.hs ikSmdrlaIl kS;s ,ehsia;=fõ by<skau ;sfí' wmf.a
w;aj,ska nelaàßhd udre ùu myiqh" tneúka wdydr ms<sfh< lsÍu iy msiSug fmr Tfí oE;a fidaokak'
2. wdydr fyd¢ka Whkak - wdydr ksis f,i msisk njg iy;sl jkak' ndf.g msiskq ,enqjfyd;a ydkslr
nelaàßhd wdydr úIùulg ;=vq Èh yelsh' wdydrj, wNHka;r WIaK;ajh mÍlaId lsÍu i|yd wdydr
WIaK;ajudkhla Ndú;d lrkak'
3. ksjerÈ wdydr .nvd lsÍu - uq¿;ekaf.fhys jvd;a jeo.;a wdydr ikSmdrlaIl kS;sj,ska tlla jkafka
wdrlaIs; .nvd lsÍuhs' b;=re fyda újD; wdydr melÜ cling film j,ska wdjrKh lr fyda ma,diaála
Ndckhl uqød ;nd we;s njg j. n,d .kak' WKqiqï wdydr YS;lrKfha ;nkak tmd" h,amek.sh NdKav
Tfí YS;lrKfha ;nkak tmd
4. ljqkagrh uqÿk msi oukak - iEu Ndú;hlska miq uq¿;ekaf.hs ljqkagrh uqÿk msi oeóu myiqu ^yd
jvd;au w;HjYH& uQ,sl uq¿;ekaf.hs ikSmdrlaIl kS;s j,ska tlls'tneúka Tn ish¿u foaj,a msßisÿj yd
ms<sfj,g ;nd .ekakjd muKla fkdj" nelaàßhd me;sÍuo kj;ajkq we;' fyd| uq¿;ekaf.hs ikSmdrlaIdjla
mj;ajd .ekSu hkq tu ia:dk msßisÿ lsÍuls' msgdr .e,Su blaukska j<lajd .ekSu i|yd wu;r uq¿;ekaf.hs
wjfYdaIl lvodis fyda wu;r wjfYdaIl frÈ lene,a,la ;nd .kak'
5. ud¿" uia" ks¾udxY" lsß fyda mdka lemSu i|yd úúO mqjre Ndú;d lrkak ^úúO j¾K mqjre fï i|yd
WmldÍ fõ&" iy lsis úfgl;a wdydrhg .; yels wdydr wuq uia wi, ;nkak tmd'
6. Ndú;fhka miq Tfí lmk mqjrej msßisÿ lrkak - lmk mqjrejl b;sßj we;s wdydr len,s blaukska
nelaàßhd fnda lrkq we;" tneúka tajd me;sÍu keje;aùu i|yd Ndú;hg .;a jydu Tfí mqjrej msßisÿ
lsrSu w;HjYH fõ'
7. Tfí wmøjH n÷ka ks;ru ysia lrkak - Tfí wmøjH n÷k ks;sm;d fjkia lsÍu uq¿;ekaf.hs ikSmdrlaIdfõ
m%Odk wx.hls' n÷kl we;s mer‚ wdydr blaukska Èrdm;a jk w;r nelaàßhd iE§ug mgka .kS" tneúka
.kaOh we;sùu j<lajd .ekSu i|yd Èkm;d Tfí l=Kq bj;a lrkak'
8. l=Kq iy f;,a ksjerÈj msßisÿ lrkak - ksjerÈ detergent Ndú;fhka l=Kq iy f;,a fjku froaolska
msßisÿ lrkak' Tn fuf,i msßisÿ fkdlrkafka kï Tfí frÈ j,ska uq¿;ekaf.fhys wfkla iEu u;=msglgu
l=Kq iy f;,a udre úh yelsh' ta fjkqjg wjfYdaIl uq¿;ekaf.hs lvodis ;=jdhla Ndú;d lsÍug W;aidy
lrkak'
9. YS;lrKh msßisÿj ;nd .kak - ldkaÿ ùï yd Èrdm;a jk wdydr u.ska wfkl=;a wdydr øjH wmú;% l<
yelsh' Tfí YS;lrKh ks;sm;d msßisÿ lrkak" wdydr øjH ksjerÈj .nvd lrkak'
10. Èkm;d Tfí sink tl msßisÿ lrkak - Tfí sink tl oji mqrdu ks;sm;d Ndú;d lrhs" tu ksid th msßisÿj
;nd fkd.kafka kï th b;d blaukska nelaàßhd j,g wdjrKh fõ' ikSmdrlaIdj mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd sink
tl jgd we;s ldkaÿjQ c,h msi oukak'
21
B: fiajd ia:dk ikSmdrlaIdj iy wdrlaIdj

p fiajd ia:dk ikSmdrlaIdj iy wdrlaIdj hkafkka woyia lrkafka uq¿;ekaf.fhys mq¿,a m%foaYhhs - thg
fia§fï wfkl=;a m%foaY" úh<s .nvd m%foaY" isis,a .nvd m%foaY" wmøjH neyer lrk m%foaY wdÈh we;=<;a fõ'
wdydr u.ska we;sjk frda. je<elaùu i|yd msßisÿ jev mßirhla mj;ajd .ekSu b;d jeo.;a fõ' wmsßisÿ
n mDIaGu; nelaàßhd j¾Okh úh yels w;r miqj wdydr wmú;% fõ' jev mDIagh msßisÿj fmfkk ksid th
an ikSmdrlaId iys; hehs woyia fkdflf¾'
fiajd ia:dkj, ikSmdrlaIdj iy wdrlaIdj ms<sn| by< m%ñ;shla mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd" Tng iy Tfí
wdh;khg meyeÈ,s ie,eiaula $ l%shd mámdáhla iy ld,igykla ;sìh hq;=h' tfia lsÍfuka Tng wmú;% ùfï
e
wjodku fnfyúka wvq lrkq we;'
.
msßisÿ lsÍfï l%shd mámdá iy Wmf,aLk
´kEu wdydr fiajd ilia lsÍfï m%foaYhl msßisÿ lsÍfï yd ikSmdrlaIl ie,eiaula jeo.;a fõ' ish¿u
mDIaghka ks;sm;d msßisÿ lr we;s nj iy;sl lrk w;r wmsßisÿ mDIaghlska nelaàßhd fyda fjk;a frda.ldrl
ens lemSfï mqjre fyda fuj,ï jeks msßisÿ WmlrK fj; udre lsÍfï wjodku wvq lrhs' ikSmdrlaIl ie,eiaug
o ixrpl folla we;(
1' wdrlaIs; WmlrK fyda iemhqï øjH Ndú;h iy .nvd lsÍu msßisÿ lsÍu yd ikSmdrlaIdj ms<sn| Wmfoia
iys; ,ehsia;=jla mej;Su
2' msßisÿ lsÍfï ld,igykla" tla tla whs;uh msßisÿ l< hq;= wdldrh" j.lsj hq;af;a ljqrekao iy th
fldmuK jdr .Kkla isÿ fõo hkak olajhs'
my; oelafjkafka ffoksl msßisÿ lsÍfï ld,igyklg WodyrKhls(
ffoksl msßisÿ lsÍfï ld,igyk' Èkh______________
whs;u jdr .Kk l%uh j.lSï uQ,sl wëlaIl
Upright fmr meh 2 ;=< 1' hka;%h jid oud ^plug tflka
Mixer Mixer Ndú;d bj;a lr& tys Ndck bj;a
fkdlf<a kï lrkak' msÕka fidaok hka;%h
Ndú;d lsÍug yryd hjkak'
fmr ld¾hh
wjika jQ jydu 2' msßisÿ WKqiqï c,h yd
Ndú;d l< jydu detergent j, fmd.jd .;a
msßisÿ froaolska ishü u;=msg
fidaokak'
Pastry cooks ________
3' ikSmdrlaIl ødjKhl
fmd.jd .;a ;j;a msßisÿ frÈ
lene,a,lska ish¨ mDIaghka
msi oukak ^j;=r 4'5 ,Sgrhlg
laf,daÍka ppm 100 fyda í,SÑx
ñ',s 28&'
4' kej; tla/ia lsÍug yd B<Õ

Ndú;hg fmr úh<Sug bv
fokak'
22
ffoksl msßisÿ lsÍfï ld,igyk' Èkh______________
Meat fmr meh 2 1' hka;%h jid oud ^ plug

Slicer ;=< ia,hsirh tflka bj;a lr& th ìxoqjg
Ndú;d fkdlf<a ilikak'
kï Ndú;d
lsÍug fmr 2' blade guard bj;a lrkak'
ld¾hh wjika msÕka fidaok hka;%h yryd
jQ jydu Ndú;d hjkak'
l< jydu
3' msßisÿ WKqiqï c,h yd
detergent j, fmd.jd .;a
msßisÿ frÈ lene,a,lska ish¨
u;=msg fyd¢ka fidaokak'
Garde manger ________

fmd.jd .;a ;j;a msßisÿ frÈ
lene,a,lska ish¨ mDIaghka
m%fõYfuka msi oukak
^j;=r4'5 ,Sgrhlg laf,daÍka
ppm 100 fyda í,SÑx ñ',s 28 &'
úh<s .nvd rd;%S fNdack 1' jrlg tla rdlalhl ne.ska

ix.%yfhka miq rdlal j,ska wdydr bj;a
i÷od' lrkak' rdlalh msßisÿ lrk
w;r;=r frda,sx rdlalh úh<s
.nvdjl .nvd lrkak'

fidaokak'
Grill Cook ________
;j;a msßisÿ frÈ lene,a,lska
ish¨ mDIaghka msi oukak
^j;=r ,Sgrhlg laf,daÍka 100
ppm fyda ñ,s ,Sg¾ 28 la&'
4' rdlalj, wdydr m%;sia:dmkh

lsÍug fmr úh<Sug bv
fokak'
23
Freezer wÕyrejdod 1' jrlg tla rdlalhl ne.ska

fj; <Õd rd;%S wdydrfhka rdlal j,ska wdydr bj;a
ùu miq lrkak' rdlalh msßisÿ lrk
w;r;=r frda,sx rdlalh isis,a
lrkak'

fidaokak' Garde Manger ________
3' ikSmdrlaIl ødjKfha

;j;a msßisÿ frÈ lene,a,lska
ish¨ u;=msg msi oukak
4' rdlalj, wdydr m%;sia:dmkh

lsÍug fmr úh<Sug bv
yrskak'
msÕka fia§fï l%shd mámdá
M,odhs msÕka fia§ula uÕska ishü WmlrK ikSmdrlaIl iy wjYH úfgl Ndú;hg iQodkï nj iy;sl
lrhs' wmsßisÿ msÕka Ndú;d lsÍu wdh;khg whym;a jk w;r mdßfNda.slhskaf.a wdrlaIdj ms<sn|j t;rï
ie,ls,a,la fkdolajk nj mdßfNda.slhskag tu.ska lshd mdkq we;' my; j.=fõ oelafjkafka w;ska iy
iajhxl%Shj fia§u i|yd jk ksis l%shd mámdáhhs'
msÕka we;s,a,Sug yd fia§ug fmr" wmøjH bj;a lsÍug wmyiq kï tajd fmr fmdÕjd .kak' Tn by< fyda wvq
WIaK;ajfha msÕka fidaok hka;%hla Ndú;d lrkafkao ke;fyd;a Tn w;ska msÕka fidaokafkao hkak u; mokïj
my; j.=fõ we;s l%shd mámdáh wkq.ukh lrkak'
fiaÿï mámdá j.=j(
wvq WIaK;ajfha msÕka fidaok

wê-WIaK;aj msÕka fidaok
mshjr w;ska hka;%h fyda ùÿre fidaok
hka;%h
hka;%h
fia§u detergent iy 45 ° C fia§fï pl%h wju jYfhka fia§fï pl%h wju jYfhka
^113 ° F& c,h Ndú;d 60 ° C ^140 ° F& g <Õd úh 60 ° C ^140 ° F& g <Õd úh
lrkak' hq;=h' hq;=h'
fia§u msßisÿ WKq j;=frka fia§u WKq j;=frka fia§u WKq fyda isis,a fia§fï pl%h
úIîckdYl.
úIîcyrKh ms<s.;a úIîckdYl fia§fï pl%h wju jYfhka wjidk fiaoSu laf,darSka
oshrhla iu. wju ;;amr 10 la 82°C (180°F) 50 ppm fyda whãka 12.5
jYfhka úkdä 2 la úIîcyrKh lrkak ppm ødjKhl oukak
úIîcyrKh lrkak
24
úh,Su úh,Sfï mqjre ikSmdrlaIl úh,Sfï mqjre ikSmdrlaIl úh,Sfï mqjre ikSmdrlaIl
yd c,h neihdu i|yd yd c,h neihdu i|yd yd c,h neihdu i|yd
nEjqï l< hq;=h' nEjqï l< hq;=h' nEjqï l< hq;=h'
;=jd úh<kak tmd' ;=jd úh<kak tmd' ;=jd úh<kak tmd'
msßisÿ lsÍu iy ikSmdrlaIdj i|yd wms úúO frÈ Ndú;d lrk nj Tn okafkyso@
;=jd úh<Sug jvd jd;fha úh<Su jvd;a iqÿiq nj Tn okafkyso @
fiajd iqrlaIs;;dj
wdrlaIdj yd iqrlaIs;Ndjh
mqoa.,sl iy uyck wdrlaIdj fmr msgqj, oS wdjrKh lr we;s kuq;a fiajd ia:dkhl we;súh yels wk;=re
fudkjdoehs iy Tfí wdrlaIdjg fyda mdßfNda.slhdf.a wdrlaIdjg ;¾ckhla jk Wmøj wju lr .kafka
flfiao hkak iudf,dapkh lsÍu jeo.;ah'
wdrlaIdj hkq Tn wdrlaIs; mßirhl jev lrk nj oek .ekSuhs' fiajlhdf.a" fiajd fhdaclhdf.a iy
.kqfokqlrejkaf.a ukfia iudodkh i|yd wdrlaIs; mßirhl jev lsÍug $ /£ isàug yelsùu b;d jeo.;a
fõ'
uyck wdrlaIdj mj;ajd .ekSu my; i|yka foa woyia l< yelsh(
A' b;sß ù we;s" ke;sjQ fyda fidrlï lr we;s mdßfNda.slhka i;= foa i|yd wdh;ksl l%shd mámdá ;sîu(
yels kï yer oud .sh$ ke;sjQ whs;u jydu wdmiq hjkak

ke;sjQ foa oeóug fjka l< fmÜáhla ;nd .kak
fidhd.;a whs;uh l=ulao iy fidhd.;af;a fld;eko iy ljodo hkak ms<sn| jd¾;djla ;nd .kak
B. fidrlï" jxpd fyda jxpksl yeisÍï j,lajd .ekSu i|yd l%ufõohka l%shd;aul lsÍu(
úfoaY .uka n,m;% jd¾;d" ye÷kqïm;a jd¾;d" ÿrl:k wxl"
wdrlaIs; f.ùï moaO;s" wdrlaIl fmÜá wdÈh Ndú;d lrkak'
C' mdßfNda.slhka i;= foa iuÕ .kqfokq lrkafka flfiaoehs oek .ekSu(
mßiaiñka yeiqrejkak ^ye,Su fyda weof.k hdfuka j<lskak &
hula iam¾Y lsÍug fmr iEu úgu wjir b,a,kak
D. wdh;khg iy bka msg;g wdrlaIs; m%jdykh iy;sl lsÍu'
E' wdrlaIl ks,OdÍka n|jd .ekSu'
25
mqoa.,sl wdrlaIdj mj;ajd .ekSu ioyd my; i|yka foa wod, úh yelsh(
a. ysßyer lsÍu hkafkka woyia lrkafka l=ulao hkak f;areï .ekSu'

b. ´kEu wdldrhl ysßyerhla jd¾;d lsÍu' ksyvj mSvd ú¢kak tmd'
c. Y%S ,xldfõ ,sx.sl ysßyer kS;s úfrdaë nj jgyd .ekSu'
d. ysßyer lsÍï iïnkaOfhka lghq;= lsÍu $ jd¾;d lsÍu i|yd l%ufõohla ;sîu ^fmd,sishg" Tfí
Èia;%slalfha iyldr lïlre flduidßia fj; jd¾;d lrkak&
e. Tfí whs;sjdislï oek .ekSu - Tng wjYH kï kS;s wdOdr ,nd .kak ^wjYH;d we;s ldka;djka iy iQßh
jeks iafõÉPd ixúOdkj,g kS;suh iydh ,nd .; yelsh&'
f. Tfí jákd NdKav wdrlaIs; ia:dkhl ;nd .ekSu'
g. /lshdjg iy msg;g wdrlaIs; m%jdykh iy;sl lsÍu'
h. wdrlaIs; fiajd mßirhla i|yd Tng whs;shla we;s nj oek .ekSu iy fuh iy;sl lsÍug l%u fhdackd
lsÍu'
m%:udOdr fmÜáh
i|yka l< mßÈ mqoa.,sl iy uyck wdrlaIdj mj;ajd .ekSug Wmldr lsÍu Tfí j.lSuls' fuu fldgfia
fmr msgqj, we;s f;dr;=re j,ska oelsh yels mßÈ fuh úúO wdldrj,ska l< yelsh' je<elaùfï l%uj,g
wu;rj wdrlaIdj" fi!LHh iy ikSmdrlaIdj ms<sn| jeäÿr bf.kSu w;HjYH fõ'
fuh l< yels tla l%uhla kï m%:udOdr mqyqKqj ,nd .ekSuhs' Tfí fydag,hg kdk ;gdlhla ;sfí kï
iuyr ld¾h uKav,hg Ôú;drlaIl mqyqKqjla ,nd §u jeo.;a fõ' iuyr ld¾h uKav,h .sks ksùfï
mqyqKqj ,eìh yelsh'
wju jYfhka m%:udOdr fmÜá Tfí wdh;kfha ;ndf.k ks;sm;d kv;a;= lsÍu w;HjYH fõ'
m%:udOdr fmÜáhl fj<k wdOdrl" f.daia" Y,H fÜma" frda,¾ fj¿ï má" tweezers" l;=r l=vd hq.,hla"
idhksl WIaK;ajudkhla" úIîc kdYl l%Sï $ Èhr" fvfgda,a" m%:udOdr fmd;la ;sìh hq;=h'
wd.ka;=lfhl=g fyda i.hl=g ;=jd, isÿù we;akï" Tfí fydag,a l%shd mámdáh wkq.ukh lrkak' ;;ajh
md,kh lsÍug Tn mqyqKq lr we;akï jydu th lrkak' fuys we;s m%Odk;u foh kï jD;a;Sh Wmldr
meñfKk f;la wd.ka;=lhd fyda i.hd yels blaukska wdrlaIs; iy iqjmyiq lsÍuhs' wk;=re iy ;=jd, jd¾;d
lsÍu iy wkd.; fhduq lsÍu i|yd jd¾;d l< hq;=h'
26
jeä úia;r ,nd .; yels ia:dkh
ikSmdrlaIdj" wdrlaIdj iy yÈis l%shd mámdá ms<sn| f;dr;=re Tng ´kEu m%Njhlska ,nd .; yelsh'
Tfí l<ukdlre
fcHIaG ld¾h uKav,h
i.hka
p¾hdO¾u moaO;sh $ l%shd mámdá fyda ud¾f.damfoaY
fmdaiag¾ $ m;%sld $ w;afmd;a
mqyqKq mdGud,d
wka;¾cd,h - lïlre fomd¾;fïka;=j ^Y%S ,xldj&" cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh ÎLO&" cd;sl jD;a;Sh
iqrlaIs;;d iy fi!LH wdh;kh i|yd fjí wvú
D: WmlrK iy WmlrK ikSmdrlaIdj

idudkH WmlrK kv;a;= lsÍu
fndfyda uq¿;ekaf.hs WmlrK msßisÿ lsÍu i|yd tajd .e,ùug wjYH flf¾' fuh wdrlaIs;j lrkafka
flfiao hkak ms<sn|j Tfí fiajdfhdaclhd fyda WmfoaYlhd úiska imhkq ,nk ksIamdolhdf.a Wmfoia iy
mqyqKqj fj; fhduq jkak' iuyr WmlrK ksis mßÈ msßisÿ lsÍug woyia flf¾' fuh Tfí ikSmdrlaIl
ie,eiau yd msßisÿ lsÍfï ld,igyfka y÷kd.; hq;=h'
ishü WmlrK mqreoaola f,i msßisÿ lr mÍlaId l< hq;=h' mer‚ WmlrKj, wmsßisÿ yd nelaàßhd /
oúh yels fldl= iy bß;e,Sï ;sìh yels w;r tu.ska fydoska msßisÿ lsÍug wmyiq úh yelsh' ls%hd mámdá
ls%hd;aul jk nj iy;sl lsÍu i|yd ksis msßisÿ lsÍfï ls%hd mámdá iEu úgu úêu;a iudf,dapkhla iuÕ
ia:dms; l< hq;=h' WmlrK m%;sia:dmkh lr fyda msßisÿ lsÍfï øjH fjkia lr" ls%hdj,sh kej; ilia lsÍug
isÿ úh yelsh' WmlrK msßisÿ lsÍfï§ /yeka rys; ,Kqjla fyda ,sys,a fldgia jeks wdrlaIs; .eg¿ Tn
ÿgqjfyd;a jydu Tfí wëlaIljrhdg okajkak'
ish¿u lïlrejkag iïu; ikSmdrlaIdj iy ikSmdrlaIl ms<sfj;a ms<sn|j yqremqreÿ ùu wdrlaIs; wdydr
mßyrKh lsÍfï m%;sM, i|yd w;HjYH fõ' rEm igyk 1 u.ska laIqø Ôùka iïfma%IKh lsÍfï pl% fmkajhs'
uQ,sl uQ,O¾uj,ska tlla kï wdidokh j<lajd .ekSfuka pl%h ì| oeóuhs" th fm!oa.,sl ikSmdrlaIl
ms<sfj;a wkq.ukh lsÍu iy;sl lsÍfuka ,nd .; yelsh'
Food
Handler
Food Environment
27
w;ajeiqï iuÕ msßisÿ lsÍu
bj; oeñh yels w;ajeiqï iy kej; Ndú;d l< yels w;ajeiqï we;
bj; oeñh yels w;ajeiqï ;ks Ndú;fhka miq ksjerÈj neyer l< hq;=h' flfia fj;;a" fuu.ska wmøjHh
úYd, m%udKhla ks¾udKh lrhs' kej; Ndú;d l< yels w;ajeiqï Ndú;hg fmr fyd¢ka fidaod úh<d .;
hq;=h'
úúO msßisÿ lsÍfï m%foaY ioyd tlu w;ajeiqï Ndú;d fkdlrkak' WodyrKhla f,i" msßisÿ lsÍfï
WmlrK i|yd Ndú;d lrk w;ajeiqï u;=msg msßisÿ lsÍu i|yd Ndú;d lrk w;ajeiqï fkdúh hq;=h'
fuh wdidokh j<lajhs'
fjk;a wruqKq i|yd wuqøjH iam¾Y l< w;ajeiqï Ndú;d fkdlrkak'
fjk;a wruqKq i|yd wmøjH $ li< iam¾Y l< w;ajeiqï Ndú;d fkdlrkak'
WmlrK iy fuj,ï msßisÿ lrkafka flfiao(
28
msßisÿ lsÍu i|yd my; i|yka oE we;=<;a fõ(
msßisÿ lsÍu hkq yqfola wmsßisÿ" ¥ú,s" wkjYH jia;+ka bj;a lsÍuhs' th ikSmdrlaIdj yd úIîc kdYl fhoSu
yd iudk fkdfõ' msßisÿ lsÍu hkq ikSmdrlaIdj iy ikSmdrlaIdj ms<sn| l¾udka; m%ñ;Ska mj;ajd .ekSu"
fmkqu iy bÈßm;a lsÍu mj;ajd .ekSu iy NdKav yd u;=msg ydkshg m;ajhdu je<elaùu h'
ikSmdrlaIdj i|yd my; i|yka oE we;=<;a fõ(
ikSmdrlaIdj o wjYH fõ' msßisÿ lsÍfuka l=Kq fyda f;,a bj;a lrkq we;" kuq;a tu.ska lsisÿ wdldrhlska
nelaàßhd fyda fjk;a frda. ldrl úkdY fkdlrhs' ikSmdrlaIKh u.ska muKla nelaàßhd úkdY lrk w;r
wdydr ieliSu i|yd tu m%foaYh wdrlaIs; nj iy;sl lrhs'
wdydr fiajd l¾udka;fha Ndú;d jk m%uqL ikSmdrlaIl øjH jkafka laf,daÍka ødjK ^í,SÉx&" quaternary
solutions (quats) iy whäka h' ksIamdÈ;h iuÕ tk ksIamdolhdf.a Wmfoia wkqj fuu øjH Ndú;d lrkak
iy iqÿiq mqoa.,sl wdrlaIl WmlrK Ndú;d lrñka øjHuh wdrlaIs; o;a; m;%sldfjka ^MSDS& tajd fidhd
.kak'
WmlrK msßisÿ lsÍu
wfmka iuyfrl=" l,a mj;sk wdydr øjH fyda u,lv iys; Ndck wmg ,ndoqka ksid tajd kej; ,ndoSug isÿ
jQ wdh;k fj; f.dia we;' wdydr ms<s.ekaùfï WmlrK .nvd lsÍu wmú;% ùu i|yd meyeÈ,s udj;la ;nk
wjia:d mjd ;sfí' tjeks wmsßisÿ WmlrK ,enqKfyd;a mdßfNda.slhdg flfia yef.kq we;aoehs is;d n,kak'
wdydr iy wmsßisÿ Ndck $ wdydr ieliSfï fuj,ï w;r wdidokhla isÿjqjfyd;a l=ula isÿfõoehs is;d
n,kak'
wdydr ieliSu" ilia lsÍu iy yeisrùfï m%foaY ydkslr nelaàßhd iy miqj wdidokhla i|yd mßmQ¾K
wNsckk N+ñhls'
tneúka wmf.a WmlrK msßisÿ lsÍu" ikSmdrlaIdj iy .nvd lsÍu ms<sn|j wm oeä wjOdkhla fhduq lsÍu
w;sYhska jeo.;a h¦ tajd f,day" ,S fyda ma,diaála fõjd' idudkHfhka inka yd scrubbing pad iuÕ fia§u
ieuúgu m%udKj;a fkdfõ' Tfí WmlrK ydkslr nelaàßhd j,ska f;drj ;nd .ekSfï§ Tn fkdi,ld yeßk
wu;r wxY lsysmhla fukak'
mQ¾j msßisÿ lsÍu
iuyr Ndck iy uq¿;ekaf.hs WmlrK ilid we;af;a scrubbing pad tllska myiqfjka bj;a l<
fkdyels m%foaYj, wdydr wmøjH isrjk wdldrhg h'tkï scoops" jl% l=vd Ndckh" colanders
(drainers) fmryka" .Ermamq" ì;a;r .eiSfï WmlrKh" blenders wdydr ilikh jeks fmr msßisÿ lsÍu
ÿIalr ld¾hhla úh yels kuq;a Tn fia§ug fmr my; i|yka oE lsÍfuka wdrïN lrkak'
wdydr wmøjH ,sys,a lsÍug fmr fmdÕjd .ekSu' fmdÕjd .ekSfuka miq b;sß ù we;s w;sßla; wmøjH
bj;a lrkak'
Tng nqreiq iy ;o me,a,ï w;=,a,k mEâ jeks ksjerÈ msßisÿ lsÍfï fuj,ï we;s njg iy;sl jkak'
Tfí Ndckh fjka l< yels fldgia we;s kï" fuu fldgia j,g Tfrd;a;= Èh yels foa ie,ls,a,g
.ekSug j. n,d .kak - iEu fldgilau c,fha .s,aúh fkdyels nj u;l ;nd .kak'
Tfí uq¿;ekaf.fhys Espresso hka;%hla (idkaø l¿ fldams idok hka;%h& fyda fmÍfï WmlrK jeks
úfYaI WmlrK ;sfí kï" úfYaI fldgia i|yd wjYH msßisÿ lsÍfï lÜg,h ñ,§ .ekSug j. n,d
.kak'
29
fia§u iy ikSmdrlaIdj
Tfí WmlrK fia§u i|yd wdydr fiaosfï detergent fyda inka Ndú;d lrkak" ;o wmøjH bj;a lsÍu
i|yd ;o me,a,ï w;=,a,k mEâ Ndú;d lrkak' ishü wmøjH M,odhS f,i bj;a lsÍug Tng fkdyels
kï" Tng È.= ld,hla fmdÕjd .ekSug fyda fia§ug fjk;a fuj,ula Ndú;d lsÍug isÿ úh yelsh'
msßisÿ lsÍfuka miq msßisÿ c,h iu. fyd¢ka fia§u" bkamiq ikSmdrlaIdj isoq lrkak' ikSmdrlaIl
ødjKhla idod .ekSu i|yd WKqiqï c,h .e¨ï tllg í,SÉ fïi yekaola tla lsÍfuka fuh l<
yelsh' mijq ñks;a;= folla muK fuj,ï yd WmlrK ikSmdrlaIl ødjKfha fmdÕjd .ekSu l<
yelsh'
úl,amhla f,i" Tng úkdlsß ødjKhla Ndú;d lr fia§fuka miq th idiamdka tll fi,aishia wxYl
65 la muK r;a lr miqj .e,aùu myiqj i|yd bisk fnda;,hlg udre l< yelsh' Tfí WmlrKj,
wdydr wmøjH ;sfí kï ikSmdrlaIl ødjK fhoSu M,odhS fkdjk nj ie,ls,a,g .ekSu jeo.;ah'
jeo.;a - ikSmdrlaIl ødjKh uÕska Tfí wdydr wmú;% ùu j<lajd .ekSu i|yd Tfí WmlrK kej;
Ndú;d lsÍug fmr iïmQ¾Kfhkau jd;fha úh<Sug bv fokak'
WmfoaYh - msys" lemqï mqjre iy WmlrK jeks wuq i;aj ksIamdok iys; WmlrK Ndú;d lrk úg"
fjk;a wdydr øjH i|yd Ndú;d lsÍfï§ wdidoh je<elaùu i|yd tajd fidaod" fia§u iy ikSmdrlaIdj
l< hq;=h'
.nvd lsÍu
uq¿;ekaf.hs WmlrK iy WmlrK ,dÉpq fyda lnâ j, .nvd lr ;nkak' yeisrùfï myiqj i|yd
.nvd ;eá iys; .nvd ,dÉpq kej; ilia l< yelsh¦ flfia fj;;a" .nvd lsÍug fmr lnâ" rdlal
msßisÿ lr we;s njg Tn iy;sl úh hq;=h' óg wu;rj" by; i|yka l%u iy Wmf,aLk iuÕ jßka jr
fuu m%foaY msßisÿ lr msßisÿ lsÍug j. n,d .kak'
kv;a;= lsÍug yd msßisÿ lsÍug tfrysj
✓ kv;a;= lsÍu iy msßisÿ lsÍu w;r fjki Tn okakjdo@

✓ kv;a;= lsÍu i|yd my; i|yka oE we;=<;a fõ(
✓ leã we;s ^úÿ,s yd fjk;a& WmlrK mÍlaId lsÍu iy .eg¿j úi£u'
✓ leã we;s yd jydu m%;sia:dmkh lsÍug wjYH úÿ,s iúlsÍï iy úÿ,s w;a úh¿ï mÍlaId lsÍu'
✓ isú,sfï úÿ,s mxld" jd;dY% úÿ,s mxld iy jd;dY%h tall jeks jd;dY% WmlrK ksjerÈj l%shd;aul jk
njg mÍlaId lsÍu'
✓ kej; ;Ska; wdf,am lsÍu'
✓ smoke alarm iy .sks ksjk WmlrK ks;sm;d mÍlaId lr n,d tajd ksjerÈj l%shd lrk njg j. n,d .kak'
✓ uq¿;ekaf.hs WmlrK jk YS;lrK iy WKqiqï lnâ ksis f,i l%shd fkdlrk úg tajd mÍlaId lr .eg¿j
úi|d .kak'
✓ jdhq iólrK tall mÍlaId lsÍu" .eg¿ ksrdlrKh lsÍu fyda tajd ksr;=rej w¨;ajeähd lsÍu'
✓ ksr;=rej úÿ,s fmakq ^plug point& mÍlaId lsÍu" tajdfha mj;sk .eg¿ úi£u'
30
hka;% kv;a;= lsÍu idudkHfhka kv;a;= lKavdhfï ld¾hh fõ' flfia fj;;a" th Tnf.a /lshdj njg
m;ajqjfyd;a" fldgia ksis f,i msßisÿ lrkafka flfiao" lrduhl msßisÿ l< fkdyels fldgia fudkjdo" l=uk
fldgia msi oeñh hq;=o" l=uk fldgia ysia l< hq;=o hkak oek .ekSug tys w;afmd; lshjkak' hka;%hla
kej; tl,ia lrkafka flfiaoehs Tn fkdokafka kï th .e,ùug W;aidy fkdlrkak'
Tn kv;a;= lsÍfï lKavdhug wh;a ke;skï thska woyia jkafka lsisÿ wdldrhl kv;a;= lsÍula i|yd wjYH
ksis mqyqKqjla Tng ,eî fkdue;s njhs' tuksid" m<uqj Wmfoia iy $ fyda wjirh ,nd fkdf.k lsisÿ kv;a;=
lsÍula lsÍug W;aidy fkdlrkak' Tn tfia l<fyd;a th wk;=rlg" ;=jd,hlg fyda hka;%hg $whs;uhg
;jÿrg;a ydks ùug fya;= úh yel'
YS;lrKhla fyda YS;lrKhla msßisÿ lsÍu(
u, fkdnefok jdfka j,ska idod fkdue;s YS;lrKhla fyda YS;lrKhla msßisÿ lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia my;
oelafõ'
1. Tfí msßisÿ lsÍfï WmlrK iy ksjerÈ msßisÿ lsÍfï øjH tl;= lrkak'
úIîc kdYl fyda ;kql fkdl< í,SÉ Ndú;d fkdlrkakæ
^fuh wdydrj, ridhksl wdidokhg fya;= úh yel'&
2. w;ajeiqï m<¢kak'
3' ish¿u wdydr mdk j¾. wNHka;rfhka bj;a lr iqÿiq ia:dkhl .nvd lrkak'
4' ishü rdlal iy ,dÉpq bj;a lr WKqiqï c,h yd msÕka fidaok Èhrfha fmdÕjd .kak'
5' YS;lrKfha wNHka;rh Sponge fyda f;;a frÈ j,ska msi oukak'
6' úh<s froaolska wNHka;rh msi oukak'
7' rdlal iy ,dÉpq msßisÿ lr fia§fuka miq tajd YS;lrKh ;=< m%;sia:dmkh lsÍug fmr iïmQ¾Kfhkau
úh<d .kak'
8' wdydr mdk kej; ;nkak'
9' YS;lrKfha msg; fldgi msi oukak' ndysr i|yd" úIîc kdYl Ndú;d l< yelsh' yekaâ,aia fyd¢ka
msßisÿ lrkak'
10' YS;lrKh mÍlaId lr msßisÿ lsÍfï ld,igyfka jd¾;djla ;nkak'
31
u, fkdnefok jdfka YS;lrK iy wêYS;lrKh i|yd" w;afmd; Wmfoia fyda Tfí wdh;kfha fm%dfgdaflda,
bf.k f.k wkq.ukh lrkak' u, fkdnefok jdfka j,ska idod we;s ´kEu fohla msßisÿ lsÍu i|yd uQ,sl
lreKq lsysmhla my; oelafõ(
01. Always start by cleaning with warm water and soft

cloth.
02. Use dishwashing liquid and warm water to clean

tougher stains and dirt.
03. Use a stainless steel cleaner to remove stains if

The Do’s of needed, but always read the directions and test a
Cleaning small spot on the appliance first.
Stainless
04. Wipe in the direction of the grain to avoid leaving
Steel streaks.
05. Always towel dry after cleaning to prevent water

spotting. You can consider this the easiest way to
polish stainless steel if you can wipe away all of the
water streaks.
01. Never use steel wool or steel brushes. They will

scratch the surface of your stainless steel and make it
more susceptible to rusting and staining.
02. Abrasive cleaners will scratch the surface and should

always be avoided.
The Don’ts
of Cleaning 03. Bleach will stain and damage stainless steel. Do not
Stainless use cleaning sprays or solutions that contain bleach
Steel WHEN CLEANING.
04. Dirty water and cleaning solutions can leave a residue

that can stain and damage the surface, so don’t forget
to rinse and dry.
32
E: wdydr ikSmdrlaIdj
wdydr ikSmdrlaIdj hkafkka woyia lrkafka l=ulao@
wdydr ikSmdrlaIdj wdydr iqrlaIs;;djfha fldgils' wdydr iqrlaIs;;d wxYfhka Tn fï ms<sn|j jeäÿr
bf.k .kq we;'
wdydr ikSmdrlaIdj hkq wdydr u.ska fndajk frda.j,ska mdßfNda.slhska wikSm ùfï wjodku wju lrk
whqßka wdydr fyda îu yeisrùu" ilia lsÍu iy .nvd lsÍu h'
wdydr ikSmdrlaIdfõ m%Odk wx. kï(
fm!oa.,sl ikSmdrlaIdj' w;a fia§u" wdrlaIs; we÷ï" frda.S l%shd mámdá iy fjk;a rdcldß ^ÿïmdkfhka
je<lS isàu jeks& fuhg we;=<;a fõ'
wdidokh je<elaùu' nelaàßhd" fN!;sl" ridhksl yd wdid;añl;d wdidokhka je<elaùu fuhg we;=<;a
fõ" úfYaIfhka iqÿiq WmlrK ;sîu ^fjku lemqï mqjre jeks&'
msßisÿ lsÍfï ls%hd mámdá' uq¿;ekaf.h" WmlrK iy uq¿;ekaf.hs WmlrK ^msys iy ye¢ .Eremamq
we;=¿j& fyd¢ka msßisÿ lsÍu w;HjYH fõ'
wid;añl;d md,kh' ishü jHdmdr wid;añl;d we;s wdydr fudkjdo hkak meyeÈ,sj meyeÈ,s l< hq;=
w;r wid;añl;djka fjk;a wdydr wdidokh ùu je<elaúh hq;=h'
wdydr iqrlaIs;j .nvd lsÍu' .nvd ia:dk iy nyd¨ï" FIFO moaO;shla" f,an,a lsÍu iy WIaK;aj
md,kh fuhg we;=<;a fõ'
msiSfï WIaK;ajh' nelaàßhd wjodkï j<lajd .ekSu i|yd iqÿiq WIaK;ajj,§ wdydr msiSug yd r|jd
.ekSug jHdmdßlhska iy;sl úh hq;=h'
wdydr wuqøjH ms<sn| ukd oekqula ;sîu' wdydr j¾.j, úúO j¾. fyda ixhq;sh ms<sn|j oek .ekSfuka
tjeks wuqøjH wdrlaIs;j .nvd lr fyda msisk wdldrh kshu lrkq we;.
33
my; i|yka fya;= ksid wdydr ikSmdrlaIdj jeo.;ah(
1' wdydr úIùu wdudY wdka;s%hsl frda. yd úc,kh ùug fyda jl=.vq wl¾uKH ùu iy urKh jeks nrm;,
fi!LH .eg¿ j,g ;=vq Èh yelsh'
2' fuu wjodku by< wjodkï ldKavhg wh;a whg úfYaIfhka jeo.;a fõ( l=vd orejka $ <orejka" .¾NkS
ujqjreka" jeäysáhka yd m%;sYla;slrKfhka f;dr" úfYaIfhka HIV wdidos;hka yd ms<sld frda.Ska'
3' wid;añl;d wvx.= wdydr øjH u.ska iuyr wjia:dj, isÿjk ;=jd, fyda urKh je<elaùu'
4' wdydr ikSmdrlaIdj iy wdrlaIdj wdydrj, úIîc tl;= ùu ksid jk ydksh j<lajhs'
5' U!IO ñ,§ .ekSu iy ffjoH mÍlaId lsÍï i|yd jk w;sf¾l msßjeh j<lajd .ekSu yd ksfrda.Sj ;nd
.ekSu ' fuh úfYaIfhka jeo.;a jkafka jHdmdrhghs' fï fya;=fjka ld¾h uKav,fha wl%Sh;djh fya;=fjka
f,dj mqrd iud.ï j,g jirlg fvd,¾ ì,shk .Kkla wysñ fõ'
wk;=reodhl úh yels wdydr wjfndaO lr .ekSu(
wmg ydkslr jk iajdNdúl úI we;s iuyr wdydr øjH ;sfí' wmg ydkslr iajdNdúl" fN!;sl fldgia we;s
wdydr øjH ;sfí' iuyr mqoa.,hska ;=< wid;añl;d we;s lrk wdydr øjH ;sfí'
fuu iajdNdúl" wdydr Wmøj fudkjdo hkak iy fuu wdydr øjHj,g isÿúh yels ydksh wju lr .kafka
flfiao hkak bf.k .ekSu iy f;areï .ekSu Tfí ld¾hh fõ'
wdid;añl;d we;s lrk wdydr iuÕ lghq;= lsÍu
wid;añl;djka hkq" jd;fha we;s hï fohlg fyda wdydrhg fyda îug fyda YÍrh iam¾Y lrk hï fohlg
YÍrh olajk m%;spdrh jk w;r"tu.ska mqoa.,hdg leiSu" leiai" lsúiqï hdu fyda l=Iag we;sùug fyda wikSm
ùug mjd fya;= fõ' Tfí .kqfokqlrejka Tfí wdh;kfha wdydr mßfNdackh lrk úg" Tjqkaf.a fi!LHh
;;ajh i|yd Tfí wdh;kh j.lsj hq;= w;r" tuÕska Tfí .kqfokqlrejkag wdydr fyda îu mrsfndackfhaos
wid;añl;d ;sfío hkak oek .ekSu jeo.;ah'
iuyr úg wd.ka;=lhd meñŒug fmr wdh;khg oekqï fokq we;" kuq;a idudkHfhka mdßfNda.slhska wdydr
ms<s.ekaùfï § wdydr weKjqï lrk úg wid;añl;djka ms<sn|j ld¾h uKav,hg okajhs' tneúka Tfí
wdh;kh ms<s.ekaùu lrk wdydr j, wuqøjH .ek oek .ekSu jeo.;ah' Tn fuu f;dr;=re fkdokafka kï"
Tfí .kqfokqlrejka wikSm ùfï wjodku .ekSug Tng isoqfõ' fuh wdh;khg whym;a jkq we;' iuyr
wid;añl;djka urKhg fya;= úh yel'
wdid;añl;d we;s lrk wuqøjH lsysmhla fukak( lsß" ì;a;r" weg j¾. ^Wod( wdukaâ rglcq" wdÈh&" uqyqÿ
wdydr" mßmamq" wkakdis" ;lald,s' my; oelafjkafka Tfí fukqfõ oelsh yels kuq;a by; wid;añl;d wvx.=
wdydr fõ'
wdydr $ îu wid;añl;d wvx.= fõ o@ l=uk wuqøjHho@
wU lassi Tõ lsß
lsßn;a Tõ lsß
m,;=re i,do Tõ wkakdis
34
fldlsia Tõ ì;a;r
msÜgq ke; ---
oe,af,da fvj,a Tõ uqyqÿ wdydr" ;lald,s
lsß Tõ lsß
Black tea ke; ---
jfâ Tõ mßmamq
fmd,a frdá ke; ---
whsial%Sï Sundae Tõ rglcq
iajdNdúl úI
Contains
ku úI j, n,mEu Wmøj j<lajd .kafka flfiao@
Toxins
j,a y;= Ndú;d fkdlrkak' úI fkdjk

jukh" mdpkh" nj y÷kdf.k we;s fyda úYajdiodhl
j,a y;= Tõ
lrleú,a, m%Njhlska ñ,§ .;a y;= muKla
Ndú;d lrkak'
Potatoes w¾;dm,a w÷re" isis,a iy úh<s

nfâ wudrej" jukh
Sprouts^me< jQ Tõ ia:dkhl .nvd lrkak' th fld< fyda
mdpkh
w¾;dm,a & me< njg m;ajqjfyd;a lkak tmd'
Kidney Beans -rg

nfâ wudrej" jukh úh<s fndaxÑ wju jYfhka meh 12 la
uEîy wfkl=;a úh<s Tõ
mdpkh j;a fmdÕjd fyd¢ka ;ïnd .; hq;=h'
fndaxÑ&
fõ.fhka yqiau .ekSu"

uxf[dlald iy WK lrleú,a," ysiroh" ly álla tl;= lr b;d fyd¢ka
Tõ
nïnq uq,a iy wdukaâ nfâ lelal=u" jukh Whkak'
mdpkh" lïmkh
ñ,§ .;a wuqøjH kejqï" ksjerÈj

Mussels, scallops nfâ wudrej" jukh" .nvd lr ksis mßÈ msisk njg j.
Tõ
and oysters -fn,a,ka mdpkh" wxYNd.h n,d .kak' YS; l< whs;u ksjerÈj
Èh l< hq;=h'
35
iajdNdúl" fN!;sl Wmøj(
ud¿ jeks fldrfmd;= we;s wdydr øjH" wiaÓ fldgia we;s wdydr øjH jk l=l=¿ uia yd uia jeks wiaÓ fldgia$
ldáf,ac jeks fldgia ksjerÈj bj;a fkdfldg $ wdydr ieliQ úg wk;=reodhl úh yelsh'
tjeks ;shqKq fyda wiaÓ fyda ymk fldgia wdydrfha ;eîfuka uqLh lemSu yd yqiau ysrùu isÿúh yelsh'
WmøjldÍ wdydr
wjidk jYfhka fuys úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq l< hq;= wdydr øjH ,ehsia;=jla we;' ukao tajdfha ixhq;sh
nelaàßhd u.ska myiqfjka wdidokh ùug bv i,ihs'
wuq iy msisk ,o uia $ l=l=¿ uia fyda wuq fyda msisk ,o uia $ l=l=¿ uia wvx.= wdydr¦ WodyrKhla f,i
burgers, jHxck" kebabs, pâté iy meat pies
ì;a;r ^msiQ fyda wuq&" fndaxÑ" weg j¾. fyda fm%daàka nyq, wdydr wvx.= wdydr" WodyrKhla f,i batter,
mousse, quiche and tofu
lsß ksIamdok iy lsß ksIamdok wvx.= wdydr" WodyrKhla f,i lsß" lsß iys; w;=remi" fresh cream j,ska
mqrjd we;s fílß ksIamdok fyda fresh custard iuÕ ^fhda.Ü fuys wdï,sl l< ksIamdokhla neúka fuhg
we;=<;a fkdfõ&
uqyqÿ wdydr îÔù uqyqÿ wdydr yer& iy uqyqÿ wdydr wvx.= wdydr" WodyrKhla f,i sushi
me< l< îc" WodyrKhla f,i fndaxÑ iy alfalfa
ilia l< m,;=re iy t<j¿" WodyrKhla f,i flduvq" i,do iy meiagÍlD; fkdl< hqI
msiQ n;a iy msisk ,o meiagd
by; i|yka ´kEu wdydrhla wvx.= wdydr" WodyrKhla f,i iekaâúÉ" mSid iy iy,a frda,aia'
wid;añl;djkag wid;añl;d olajk mska;+rh(
36
02 jk fldgi

wdydr iqrlaIs;;dj
02 jk fldgi | wdydr iq r la I s ; ;dj
wdydr iqrlaIs;;dj
wdydr iqrlaIs;;dj hkq l=ulao@
wdydr iqrlaIs;;djh hkq wdh;k úiska wdydr úl=Kkafka kï tajdfha ;sìh hq;= l<ukdlrK moaO;s h ' fuu
moaO;s wdydr mßyrKh lsÍfï kS;sj,g wkql+,j ia:dms; lsÍug WmldÍ fõ' tys w¾:h jkafka wdydr odufha
iEu wÈhrl§u wdydrj, wdrlaIdj iy fhda.H;djh iy;sl lsÍu i|yd wjYH ish¨ l%shdud¾. .ekSuhs'
iEu rglgu wdydr m%ñ;s tackaishla we; - jHdmdr fuu kS;s imqrd,Su iy;sl lsÍu i|yd m<d;a md,k
wdh;k iuÕ lghq;= lrk md,l uKav,h' úfYaIfhka" Tjqka m%Odk wxY ;=kla u; mokïj jHdmdrhl
wdydr iqrlaIs;;d moaO;sh ukskq ,nhs ( ikSmdrlaIl wdydr yeisrùu" jHdmdrfha fN!;sl ;;a;ajh iy wdydr
l<ukdlrK moaO;s'
^1 jk fldgi n,kak( ikSmdrlaIdj iy wdrlaIdj&
wdydr iqrlaIs;;dj jeo.;a jkafka wehs@
ÿ¾j, wdydr iqrlaIs;;djfha n,mEu
wdidokh yd krla ùu ksid kdia;s jQ wdydr 'krla jQ wdydr ñksia mßfNdackhg kqiqÿiq h '
wdydr úIùu yd iuyr úg urK isoqùu
wdydr úIùulg f.dÿre jQjka úiska .kq ,nk isú,a l%shdud¾.'
ikSmdrlaIl kshdukhg mgyeks ùu ksid ov uqo,a yd mj;sk ia:dk ke;s ùu
uy k.r iNdj úiska wdydr mßY%h jid oeóu'
ksIamdok yd wdodhï wysñ ùu'
fyd| wdydr iqrlaIs;;d ms<sfj;a j, m%;s,dN
wdydrj, wdhq ld,h jeä lsÍu'

.kqfokqlrejkaf.a iy wkq.%ylhkaf.a ;Dma;shg úYsIag wdydr .=Kd;aulNdjhla jeo.;a ùu
fyd| m%;sM, iy jHdmdrsl l%shdldrlï j, m%.;sh jeä ùu'
wod< kS;s yd fr.=,dis j,g wkql+, ùu'
fï ish,a, wdodhu jeä lsÍug odhl jk w;r by< ,dNhla ,nd .ekug fya;= fõ
fyd| fiajd fldkafoais" by< ld¾h uKav, Ñ;a; ffO¾hhla we;s ùu'
wdydr mßyrKh iy wdydr ksIamdok oduh Tiafia wdydrj, wdrlaIdj iy fhda.H;djh wm iy;sl lrkafka
flfiao@ m<uqj Tn wdydr yeisrùfï yd wdydr ksIamdok odufha ´kEu wjia:djl isÿúh yels Wmøj f;areï
.; hq;=h'
^1 jk fldgi n,kak&
38
wdydr iuÕ lghq;= lsÍfï§ Wmøj fudkjdo@
Key Definitions
A food safety hazard is something that has the potential to contaminate food and cause harm. There
are four main categories of contamination hazards, all of which will be covered throughout
this course:
A microbiological A physical hazard is A chemical hazard An allergenic hazard

hazard is where the presence of a is the presence of is the presence of an
a food becomes foreign object in food harmful substances allergen in food, such
contaminated by products, such as in food such as as peanuts, eggs and
micro-organisms, such pieces of glass, hair or pesticides, cleaning sesame seeds. Any
as bacteria, moulds pins. chemicals, toxins food can contain an
and parasites. and environmental allergen, but some are
contaminants. more common than
others.
Tn wmsßisÿ ia:dkhl fyda wmsßisÿ wdldrhlska idok ,o wdydr fyda îu mßfNdackh lrkafka kï fyda wdydr
fyda îu jerÈ f,i .nvd lr krla ù we;akï Tng wdydr úI úh yelsh' fuhska woyia lrkafka úIîc"
Nhdkl ridhksl øjH fyda jia;+ka wvx.= wdydr j,ska wikSm ùu fyda frda. je<osuhs' tjeks wmú;% øjH
wdydrhg we;=¿ jkafka flfiao hkak f;areï .ekSu hkq wdidokh isÿjk wdldrh f;areï .ekSuhs'
úúO j¾.j, wdidoh i|yd my; j.=j n,kak(
wdidokh ùfï j¾.h WodyrK isÿúh yels foa
Microbiological ( laIqø Ôj laIqøPSù wdidokh frda.j,g ;=vq

nelaàßhd" ffjria" È,Sr iy mqia'
úoHd;aul& Èh yelsh'
Physical( fN!;sl& je,s" .,a" ysiflia" ùÿre len,s" ,S YdÍßl wdidokh ;=jd, ùug
len,s" mia fya;= úh yel'
m<sfndaOkdYl" j,a kdYl" ridhksl wdidokh wikSm $ úI

Chemical ( ridhksl&
ÿïfld<" inka" detergent" í,SÑx ùug fya;= úh yel'
rglcq" ì;a;r iy lsß jeks wikSm yd urKhg fya;= úh

Allergenic ( wid;añl;d& wid;añl;d wvx.= wdydr' yel'
Perishables ( krla úh yels& iy,a" meiagd" lsß ksIamdok wikSm
39
Natural Toxins y;=" rg uE (Kidney Beans)"

wikSm
( iajdNdúl úI& fn,a,ka
óhkaf.a u<" lerfmd;a;ka" wikSm" wdydr kdia;sh" uQ,H

PESTS ( m<sfndaOlhka&
l=yqUqjka msßjeh
nelaàßhd $ È,Sr j¾Okhg n,mdk idOl
WKqiqï WIaK;ajh
wdydr nelaàßhd j¾Okh i|yd fyd|u WIaK;ajh fi,aishia wxYl 37 fõ' Tjqkaf.a j¾Okh je<elaùu i|yd
wdydr 5 C 0 g wvq fyda 65 C 0 g jvd jeä WIaK;ajhl .nvd l< hq;=h' 10 C 0 isg 65 C 0 olajd WIaK;aj
mrdih —DANGER ZONE˜^wjOdkï l<dmh& f,i ye¢kafõ'
ld,h
m%udKj;a ld,hla ;sfí kï" wdydr úIùu i|yd wjYH jk ;rï nelaàßhd m%udKhla l=vd m%udKhl isg
jeä úh yel' fï fya;=j ksid" wêl wjodkï iys; wdydr wksjd¾hfhkau wjYH jkjdg jvd jeä ld,hla
WIaK;aj wjodkï l,dmfha b;sß fkdlsrSu w;HdjYH fõ'
by< wjodkï iys; úkdYldÍ wdydr

wê wjodkï iys; wdydr hkq wdydr úI iys; Ôùkaf.a jykh úh yels wdydr fõ' tajd idudkHfhka
laIKslj wkqNj lsÍug iqodkï l< wdydr jk w;r $ fyda tajd idudkHfhka fm%daàk wêl neúka oeä
WIaK;aj md,khla iu. Krla ùfuka wdrlaId lsrSu w;HdjYH fõ'
fm%daàka m%udKh by<h wdydr wkqNj lsÍug iQodkï
lsß iy lsß ksIamdok YS;l< uia

ì;a;r iy ì;a;r ksIamdok YS;l< w;=remi
uia iy l=l=¿ uia i,do - Salad bar Selections
ud¿ iy Shellfish (sushi) iy,a
fmdlsßiaika iy ll=¿jka meiagd
my; oelafjk ;;ajhka ksid wê wjodkï iys; wdydr wmú;%u ùug bv i,ihs(
l,a;shd ms<sfh< lr ldur WIaK;ajfha .nvd lr we;s wdydr

YS;lrKhg oeóug fmr wdydr fifuka isis,a lsÍu
wdydr j, úI iys; nelaàßhd úkdY lsÍu i|yd m%udKj;a ;rï WIaK;ajhlg wdydr kej; r;a fkdlsÍu'
wdydr j, úI iys; nelaàßhd j,ska wdidos; msiQ wdydr Ndú;h'
wdydr msiSfï§ nelaàßhd fkdkeiS mj;sk wdldrhg ndf.g wdydr msiSu'
m%udKj;a fõ,djla ioyd YS; l< l=l=¿ uia j, whsia osh fkdlsrSu'
WKqiqï wdydr 65 C0 g wvq WIaK;ajfha .nvd lsÍu'
wdidÈ; ^f,v jQ& wdydr yiqrejkakka'
b;=rejQ wdydr wksis f,i Ndú;d lsÍu'
wdidokh
40
wdidokh isÿjk wdldrh .ek ie,ls,su;a jkak(
wmú;% øjH wdydrhg we;=¿ jkafka flfiao@ ta ioyd WodyrK lsysmhla(
mqoa.,hdf.ka mqoa.,hdg - jeisls<shg .sh miq w;a fidaod fkd.;a flfkl= iuÕ w;g w; oSu" leiai iy lsúiqï
hk flfkl= wi, isàu
mqoa.,hdf.ka wdydrhg - w;a fia§ulska f;drj wdydr fyda îu iam¾Y lsÍu" fyda újD; ;=jd, jid fkdf.k
wdydr iam¾Y lsÍu" li< fyda i;=ka fyda ridhksl øjH iam¾Y lsÍfuka miq wdydr iam¾Y lsÍu" ysiflia .eg
fkd.eiSu" ksh wdf,amk .e,aùu" wdydr ms<sfh, lrk m%foaYj, ÿï mdkh lsÍu" wdydr iQodkï lrk m%foaY
j, m<sfndaO kdYl biSu
wdydrfhka wdydrg - wuq uia fyda ì;a;r .EjqKq msisk ,o wdydr fyda lmk ,o wdydr" m<;=re fyda i,do jeks
wuq wdydr wi, ;nd we;s msisk ,o wdydr $ WKqiqï wdydr ^wdydr úisÍ hdu&" wid;añl;d wvx.= wdydr ^
WodyrKhla f,i f.ä& wdydrhg we;=,a ùu'
fros j,ska wdydrg - wmsßisÿ ;=jdhla fyda f,akaiqjla u; oE;a msi oud wdydr iam¾Y lsÍu" wmsßisÿ we÷ï $
tam%k we£u" wmsßisÿ fïi frÈ Ndú;d lsÍu
WmlrK j, isg wdydr j,g - uia yd t<j¿ fyda m,;=re lemSu i|yd tlu msyshla Ndú;d lsÍu" .nvd
whs;uhla leã $ fodaI iys; jk w;r wdydr krla ù we;" wmsßisÿ lÜ,Ü $ msÕka $ íf,kav¾ $ c,
äiafmkai¾ Ndú;d lrhs'
ridhksl øjH j, isg wdydr j,g - wdydr ms<sfh, lrk m%foaYh jgd m<sfndaO kdYl biSu" msßisÿ lsÍfï øjH
wi, wdydr ms<sfh< lsÍu fyda wdydr .nvd lrk ia:dk wi, ;nd .ekSu" wdydr ms<sfh, lrk ia:dk wi,
is.rÜ oeóu'
D N’T
CROSS CONTAMINATE
41
is;d ne,sh hq;= fjk;a Wmøj(
ñksiqka
kdih" uqLh" nvje,a" lsúiqï hdfuka fyda leiafika fyda wmú;% jQ ksIamdokhla fyda m%Njhla iuÕ iïnkaO
ùfuka ñksiqka ;=< idudkHfhka wdydr úIjk iys; nelaàßhd wdidokh mj;S'
c,h
wmú;% c,h" Wod( u,dmjyk c,h nrm;, jQ wdidokh ùulg fya;= úh yel' mßY%h ;=< Ndú;d l< hq;=
ishü c,h iqÿiq mßÈ laf,daÍklrKh u.ska msßisÿ l< hq;=h
fjk;a i;=ka iy mlaISka

óhka jeks" jk fyda .DydY%s;" fjk;a i;=ka úúOdldrfhka wdydr ksIamdok wmú;% lsÍug fya;= fõ'
Wod(iam¾Yh yryd udre jk msydgq iy ysiflia u.ska' iqr;,a i;=ka wdydr yd tys .nvd j,ska wE;a lr
;eîu jvd;a iqÿiqh'
l=Kq jQ yd wmøjH wdydr

wmøjH iy fjk;a wdldrhlska krla jQ wdydr ksIamdok bj;al, hq;= w;r"tu.ska wjg we;s wdydr wdidokh
lsÍfï yelshdj we;s neúka fjk;a wdydr ksIamdok wi,ska tajd bj;a lsrSu jvd;a iqÿiqh' tajd neyer l< miq
wdydr mßyrKh lrkakka jsiska w;a fiaÈh hq;=h'
ydkshg m;a WmlrK

ydkshg m;a fuj,ï iy WmlrK wdydr ieliSfï m%foaY iy wdydr øjH i|ydo wjodkula we;s l<
yelsh' levqKq ;yvq iy lKakdä bß;e,Sï j,ska ;=jd, fyda úIîc me;srsh yelsh' ydkshg m;a fuj,ï iy
WmlrK u.ska nrm;, ;=jd, isÿúh yels w;r tajd Ndú;d lrkafka kï u,lv iy ma,diaála jeks wxY= u.ska
wdydr øjH wmú;% l< yelsh'
wdydr ms<sfh, lsÍfï§ iy wdydr ms<s.ekaùfï m%foaYj, ydkshg m;a WmlrK fyda u;=msgj,a fidhd
.;fyd;a l< hq;= foa ms<sn| WodyrK lsysmhla fukak(
th Nhdkl jkafka wehs .; hq;= l%shdud¾.h
WKqiqï fyda WKqiqïj ;nd .;

iú lsÍu i|yd jydu
jev fkdlrk WKqiqï w,audßh hq;= wdydr iS;, ù nelaàßhd
l<ukdlreg okajkak' levqKq
fyda bain-marie widokh ùfï wjodku jeä
whs;uh bj;a lrkak'
lrhs'
f;,a uq¿;ekaf.hs u;=msgg nei l<ukdlreg okajkak' úÿ,s

wdydr wmú;% úh yelsh' f;,a mxldj th iú lrk
f;,a j,ska wdjrKh úÿ,s mxldj
u.ska úÿ,s mxldj ksjerÈj l%shd wdldrh okakd wfhl= úiska
lsÍu j,lajkq we;' msßisÿ l< hq;=h'
ridhksl ldrl" nelaàßhd iy

l<ukdlreg okajkak' W¿
úIîc bß;,d we;s m%foaYj,g
bß;,d we;s ghs,a jD;a;slfhl= úiska mar;sia:dmkh
we;=¿ úh yels w;r tuÕska
lsÍug isÿjkq we;'
wdydr wdidokh ùug fya;= fõ'
42
tu.ska wk;=rla úh yels w;r l<ukdlreg okajkak' levqKq

levqKq w,audß yev,h fiajlhskaf.a fi!LHg wk;=rla ´kEu fohla jydu iú l<
úh yelsh' hq;=h'
mqia fiajlhskaf.a fi!LHhg"

wuq;a;kaf.a fi!LHhg iy
l<ukdlreg okajkak' mqia j,ska
wdydr iqrlaIs;Ndjhg fnfyúka
u;=msg mqia ^ì;a;s $ w,audßh& jk ydksh jD;a;slfhl= úiska
Nhdkl úh yelsh' th frda."
úi¢h hq;=h'
wid;añl;d iy úI ùug fya;=
úh yel'
wdidokh yd nelaàßhd j¾Okh j<lajd .kafka flfiao@
wdydr iqrlaIs;;djfhys Wmldrl i,ld n,kak
wdydr iqrlaIs;;d Wmldrl(
hym;a mqoa.,sl iajia:;dj ^n,kak j.ka;sh 1&

wdidokh ;=rka lsÍfï§ m<uq Wmldrlh jvd;a jeo.;a fõ' w;a fia§u iy w;a fia§u ms<sn| oekqj;aNdjh
wdydr iqrlaIs;;djhg w;sYhska jeo.;a fõ'
msßisÿ yd ikSmdrlaIl l%shd mámdáh yd ld,igyk ^úIîcyrKh& ^ j.ka;sh 1 iy 6 n,kak &

wdydr iqrlaIs;;d moaO;shla ks¾udKh lsÍfï fojk Wmldrlh jkafka msßisÿ lsÍu yd ikSmdrlaIdj ms<sn|
uQ,sl lreKq wjfndaO lr .ekSuhs'
wdrlaIs; m%ñ;Ska mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd msßisÿ lsÍfï ld,igyka ;sîu w;HdjYH fõ'
Tn hk úg msßisÿ lrkak'
wdydr .nvd lrk ia:dk" ñßia" msÕka fidaok hka;% msßisÿ lrkafka flfiaoehs oek .kak'
m<sfndaOlhka iuÕ lghq;= lsÍu'
hym;a wdydr .nvd ms<sfj;a

f;jk Wmldrlh iemhqï yd fnodyeÍfï odu" wdydr f,an,a lsÍu" Èkg fmr fyd|u" wdrlaIs; wdydr
.nvd lsÍu" úh<s wdydr .nvd lsÍu" m,;=re iy t<j¿ .nvd lsÍu" isis,a l< wdydr .nvd lsÍu" YS; l<
wdydr .nvd lsÍu iy fldgia N%uKh ms<sn|j fidhd n,hs'
WIaK;ajh md,kh
wdydr iqrlaIsj;;djfha isõjk Wmldrlh nelaàßhd j¾Okh je<elaùu iy wdydrj, .=Kd;aulNdjh
mj;ajd .ekSu iy;sl lsÍfï uQ,sl uQ,O¾uhls'
wdydr yeisrùu
.nvd lsÍfï§ yd ilia lsÍfï§ wdydr yiqrejk wdldrh iïnkaO wdydr iqrlaIs;;djfha miajk Wmldrlh
fõ' wdidokh iuÕ lghq;= lsÍfï§ wdydr mßyrKh jvd jeä wjodkula orhs'
YS; l< wdydr Èhùu" wdydr msiSu iy kej; r;a lsÍu" wdydr WIaK;ajh .ekSu" wdydr isis,a lsÍu"
WKqiqïj ;nd .ekSu" iS;, r|jd ;nd .ekSu iy wdydr fiajh jeks ls%hdldrlï'
43
wdydr yeisrùfï§ wdydr øjH ksjerÈ f,an,a lsÍu" úúO wdydr øjHl i|yd úúO ^f,an,a lrk ,o& lemqï
mqjre iy msys Ndú;d lsÍu iy wdydr wdf,am lsÍug fmr msÕka fldamam msßisÿ oehs ksrka;rfhka mÍlaId
lsÍu we;=<;a fõ' ms<s.ekaùug fmr wdydrj, wod, fkdjk fldgia fkdue;s nj mÍlaId lsÍu o jeo.;a h'
uq¿;ekaf.hs msßie,iqu iy wmøjHh l<ukdlrKh ^3 iy 4 j.ka;sh n,kak&
wjidk Wmldrlh jkafka wdydr iqrlaIs;;dj .ek is;k úg jev lrk wjldYfha msßie,iqu o b;d
jeo.;a jk njh' uq¿;ekaf.hs wjldYh wixúê; kï fyda ta ms<snoj fyd¢ka is;d n,d fkdue;s kï"
jevfmd< ÿ¾j, f,i ie,iqï lr we;akï" fuj,ï iy WmlrK myiq ia:dkj, ;nd fkd.kafka kï"
wk;=r" ;=jd, yd wdidokh ùfï wjodku b;d by<h'
wdydr iuÕ .kqfokq lsÍfï§ wdydr wmú;% ùu je<elaùu i|yd msßisÿ $ iQodkï úh hq;= lafIa;% ms<sn|
msßlaiqï ,ehsia;=jla ;sîu m%fhdackj;a fõ'
fuu m%Yak i,ld n,kak( th jeo.;a jkafka wehs
msßisÿj isàu wmf.a ysiflia" iaj¾KdNrK iy

Trf,daiq u; we;s nelaàßhd u.ska wdidokh ùu
uu msßisÿo@ j<lajhs' tfiau ysiflia wdydrhg jeàu wmsßisÿ h'
^Wod( uf.a fldKavh bj;g .eg.id ;sfío" uu
iaj¾KdNrK fyda Trf,daiqj .,jd ;sfío@ uu msg; Tn wikSm kï wdydr fyda wdydr ms<sfh< lrk
isg ;sfío@ uu iqr;,a i;=ka iam¾Y lr ;sfío@& m%foaY iuÕ iïnkaO fkdjkak' f.or .syska iqj
fjkak' fuu.ska nelaàßhd u.ska wdidokh ùu
je<elaùu iy frda. me;sÍu j<lajd .kS'
ug wikSmo@ Tfí wf;ys fyda weÕs,af,a lemqula ;sfí kï" Tng
fld;rï oreKq f,i ;=jd, ù we;aoehs ;SrKh lr
Tfí l<ukdlreg okajkak' ;=jd,h iuÕ jydu
ug ;=jd, fj,do@ lghq;= lrkak' Tng È.gu jev l< yels kï"
GLOVES m<¢kak' fuu.ska wdydr iy Tfí oE;a
nelaàßhd wdidokh ùfuka wdrlaId lrhs'
wdydr yeisrùug fyda wdydr ms<s.ekaùg iQodkï

ùug fmr w;a fia§u b;d jeo.;a fõ' Tfí w;a
uf.a w;a msßisÿo@ fiaÈh hq;af;a l=uk úgo iy flfiao hkak oek
.ekSug wdrlaIdj iy ikSmdrlaIdj ms<sn| fldgi
n,kak'
Tn w;ajeiqï me<| isáho Tfí w;a msßisÿ úh

hq;=h' Tn kej; Ndú;d l< yels w;ajeiqï Ndú;d
uf.a w;ajeiqï msßisÿo@ lrkafka kï tajd Ndú;hg fmr msßisÿ yd úh<S
we;aoehs mÍlaId lrkak' fuh Tn iam¾Y lrk
´kEu wdydrhla wdidokh ùu je<elaùuhs'
Tn msÕka fidaoñka fyda wmøjH iuÕ lghq;= lr

we;akï Tfí tam%kh fyda ks, we÷fï nelaàßhd ;sìh
uf.a ks, we÷u $ tam%kh msßisÿo@ yel' tneúka wdydr yeisrùug fyda wdydr ms<s.
ekaùug iQodkï ùug fmr Tn msßisÿ we÷ula we£u
w;HdjYH fõ'
44
msisk ,o fyda fjk;a wuq wdydr j,g Tfí oE;a j,ska

udre úh yels nelaàßhd úYd, m%udKhla wuq uia
j, wvx.= fõ' wuq uia iam¾Y lsÍfuka miq iEu úgu
Tfí w;a fidaokak' wdydr ms<sfh, lsÍfï§" Tn wuq
uu wuq uia iam¾Y lr ;sfío@
uia yiqrejkafka kï" Tfí oE;a fyd¢ka fidaod .kakd
;=re fjk;a wuq wdydr fyda msiQ wdydr yiqrejkak
tmd' Tn bj; oeñh yels fyda kej; Ndú;d l<
yels w;ajeiqï me<| isáho fuu Wmfoia iudk fõ'
wdydr ms<sfh, lrk m%foaY msßisÿj yd ndOd j,ska wdydr ms<sfh, lrk m%foaYj, wk;=re isÿùu
f;dro^tkï WmlrK fyda wdydr øjH ìu jeà ke;s je<elaùu i|yd msßisÿ yd wdrlaIs; mßirhla ;nd
nj&@ .ekSu jeo.;ah'
fuu.ska wdydr wdidokh ùu je<elajk ioy Tfí

wdydr ms<sfh, lsÍfï WmlrK msßisÿo@ iy Tfí .kqfokqlrejkaf.a fi!LH wdrlaId lsÍuhs'
uf.a ld¾hhka i|yd ksjerÈ WmlrK Ndú;d w; <Õ we;s ld¾hh i|yd woyia lrk WmlrK
lrkjdo@ Ndú;d lsÍu jeo.;a h' WmlrK by<g ñY%
fkdlrkak'
fuu.ska wdydr wdidokh ùu je<elaùu iy Tfí

iy Tfí wuq;a;kaf.a fi!LH
wdrlaId lrhs'
wdydr .nvd lrk m%foaY $ WmlrK msßisÿ yd
meyeÈ,sj f,an,a lr ;sfío@ wdydr ieliSfï m%foaYfha lsisjla meyeÈ,sj f,an,a
lr fkdue;s kï jerÈ isÿúh yels w;r wdydr
myiqfjka nelaàßhd" jia;+ka yd ridhksl øjH $ úI
u.ska wdidokh l< yelsh'
lemqï mqjre ksis f,i fia§u iy úIîcyrKh lsÍu

lemqï mqjre msßisÿ yd ikSmdrlaIlo@
nelaàßhd iy mqia jeãu j<lajhs'
wdydr ms<sfh, lrk m%foaYj, Nhdkl ridhksl fuu.ska wdydr yd ridhksl øjh yd úI u.ska
øjh ;sfío@ ksjerÈ detergent iy ikSmdrlaIl wdidoh ùu je<elaùu iy Tfí iy Tfí
Ndú;d lr ;sfío@ wuq;a;kaf.a fi!LH wdrlaId lrhs'
YS;lrK" wêYS;lrKh" WKqiqï lnâ" bain-maries

ishü .nvd WmlrK ksis mßÈ l%shd;aul fõo@ hkdÈh ksishdldrj l%shd;aulfõoehs ks;r mÍlaId
lsÍu jeo.;ah' tajd ksis f,i l%shdfkdlrkafka kï
tu.ska wdydr krla ù fi!LHhg ;¾ckhla jkq we;'
ishü wdydr .nvd m%foaY m<sfndaO j,ska f;dro@ fuu.ska wdydr wmú;% ùu je<elaùu iy Tfí iy
Tfí wuq;a;kaf.a fi!LHh wdrlaId lrhs'
ishü wmøjHh iïnkaOfhka ksjerÈj yd ikSmdrlaIdj mj;ajd .ekSu iy wdidokh je<elaùu

ld¾hlaIuj .kqfokq lrkafkao@ i|yd wdydr wmøjHh fyda wdydr fkdjk wmøjHh
ksjerÈj l<ukdlrKh l< hq;=h'
45
fyd| wdydr .nvd lsÍfï l%u

úúO wdydr j¾. fudkjdoehs m<uqj i,ld n,kak(
úkdY jk wdydr hkq l=ulao@

myiqfjka krla jk wdydr" WodyrKhla f,i" ishü lsß ksIamdok iy ì;a;r
i,do" iekaâúÉ" w;=remi" msiQ uia iy ud¿" msiQ n;a" Öia jeks lEug iQodkï wdydr
uia" l=l=¿ uia" ud¿ iy uqyqÿ wdydr" lmd fkd.;a t<j¿ iy m<;=re
´kEu wuq wdydrhla
w¾O úkdY jk wdydr hkq l=ulao@

w¾;dm,a" wem,a" fodvï" mdka
ieliQ wdydr hkq l=ulao@

yeï" smoked fish " fidfiacia" wÉpdre jeks úkdlsß fyda f;,aj, fyda ¨Kq oeuQ fyda meiqKq fyda ixrlaIKh
lr we;s wdydr'
meflachla fyda áka tlla újD; lr fkdue;s kï .nvd lsÍu i|yd ksIamdolhdf.a ud¾f.damfoaY wkq.
ukh lrkak' meflach fyda áka tl újD; lr we;akï" Tfí wdh;kfha ud¾f.damfoaY fyda S.O.P wkq.ukh
lrkak
îdudkHfhka ridhksl wdidokh ùfï wjodkula we;s neúka újD; l< áka $ lEka YS;lrKh ;=< .nvd
fkdl< hq;=h' újD; l< áka $ lEkaj, wvx.= foa YS;lrKhg oeóug fmr iqÿiq Ndckhl ;nkak'&
ilia l< wdydr $ wuqøjH fudkjdo@

lmk ,o t<j¿" m<;=re" marinated meat (moïl< uia&" ¨Kq oeuQ ud¿" ;e¨ iqÿ<QKq fyda bÕ=re" l=¿nvq"
fïi ¨Kq" .ïñßia l=vq wdÈh'
úh<s wdydr hkq l=ulao@

msá" iSks" meiagd" iy,a
YS; l< wdydr fudkjdo@

kejqï fyda ieliQ yd YS; l< wdydr" WodyrKhla f,i YS; l< t<j¿" French Fries
úfYaIs; .nvd ms<sfj;a
úh<s wdydr
úh<s wdydr úh<s w,audßhl .nvd lrkak' f;;ukh u.ska wdydrhg ydks lrhs - tuÕska iSks tlg we,S hhs'
Tn ,.os ñ,§ .;a w¨;a wdydr melÜgq fkdj"oekgu;a w,audßfha we;s áka l< wdydr" meiagd fyda iy,a
ks;ru Ndú;d lrkak fuu.ska w,audßfha we;=,; h,a mek .sh wdydr tla/ia lsÍu k;r fõæ
46
w¾O jYfhka úkdY jk wdydr

fuu wdydr YS;lrKh ;=< ;eîug wjYH fkdfõ' fï w;rg mdka we;=<;a fõ' wms fndfyda úg mdka n÷kl
.nvd lrk w;r wmg fndfyda t<j¿ iy m,;=re j¾. isis,a w,audßhl fyda rdlalhl .nvd l< yelsh'
Èrdm;a jk wdydr iy ilia l< wdydr
fuu wdydr YS;lrKh ;=< ;nd .; hq;=h

wuq wdydr my< rdlalj, ;eìh hq;= nj u;l ;nd .kak¦ msisk ,o wdydr by< rdlalj, ;eìh hq;=h'
YS; l< wdydr
fïjd YS;lrKh ;=< -18 º C ;nd .; hq;=h '

ishü YS; l< wdydr wdrlaIs;j whsia bj;alr Èhlr yeßh hq;=h'
YS; l< wdydr lsis úfgl;a kej; YS; fkdlrkak'
wdydr .nvd l< yels wdldrh ms<sn| fhdackd lsysmhla fukak(
myiqfjka
krla .nvd lrkafka
wdydr øjHh nyd¨ï WIaK;ajh
jkjdo flfiao
keoao
wuq l=l=,a uia O mshk iys; nydü YS;lrKhl wxYl 5 g wvq
marinated l=l=,a uia O mshk iys; nydü YS;lrKhl wxYl 5 g wvq
cornflakes fmÜáhla X fmÜáh .nvd ldurh ---
újD; fkdl< cornflakes kej; jeish

fmÜáhla O YS;lrKhl wxYl 5 g wvq
yels$fmÜáh
yeï O mshk iys; nydü YS;lrKhl wxYl 5 g wvq
wdjrKh l<
fpdl,Ü uQia O YS;lrKhl wxYl 5 g wvq
nydü
áka l< y;= X áka .nvd ldurh ---

ms<s.ekaùu ioyd i|yd bjqï msyqï
O msiSfï riakfhka wxYl 60 g jeä
msiQ n;a nyd¨ïj,
w, i,doh O mshk iys; nydü YS;lrKhl wxYl 5 g wvq

fmÜá fyda ì;a;r isis,a ldurh fyda
ì;a;r O wxYl 45 fyda Bg wvq
rdlalh YS;lrKhl
ìialÜ áka X áka .nvd ldurh ---
47
úúO wdydr øjH ,nd .kafka flfiao@
wdydr fnod yeÍu
WIaK;ajh ,ndoSu
YS; l< NdKav( 0 - 5 ° C" 8 C olajd Tfrd;a;= foa
YS; l< wdydr( - 18 °C
iemhqï ms<s.ekSfï m%foaYh wmøjh yd m<sfndaO .yKh ms<sn| wjodkï j,ska msßisÿj iy ksoyiaj ;nd
.; hq;=h'
Ndr§ ñks;a;= 15 la we;=<; iqÿiq .nvdjl ;eîu

kejqï nj" fyd| j¾Kh" fyd| iqj|" wmú;% ùu ^ldkaÿ ùu" wmsßisÿlu" mi" je,s" ydksh&" wdidokh
^m<sfndaOlhka& iy WIaK;ajh
idudkH .nvd ldur wjYH;d(
wjYH;djh fya;=j
¥ú,s" f;;ukh yd m<sfndaOlhkaf.ka wdidokh ùu

ìu isg fi'ó' 15 la iy ì;a;s j,ska 5 - 7'5 fi'ó'
je<elaùu'
úÈk ysia j,ska 45 fi'ó' c,fhka wdidokh ùu je<elaùu'
wkdrlaIs; c,h fyda u,dmjyk ud¾. hgf;a .nvd

wmjyk c,h wmú;% ùu je<elaùu'
fkdlrkak'
.nvd ldur" isis,k" YS;lrKh ms<sfj,g"

wdidokh je<elaùu i|yd'
ixúOdkd;aulj yd msßisÿj ;nd .kak'
iS;, ldurj, fodrj,a újD;j ;sìh hq;af;a flá >kSNjkh" m<sfndaOlhka ûeiaika& iy ñksiqkaf.ka
ld,hla i|yd mu‚' wdidokh ùu je<elaùu'
YS;lrK wjYH;d(
wjYH;djh fya;=j
fi,aishia wxYl 2 - 3 la mj;ajd .kak' frda.S nelaàßhd j,ska wdidokh ùu je<elaùu'
WIaK;ajudkh ksjerÈ yd l%shdldÍ njg j. n,d ksjerÈ WIaK;ajh mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd nelaàßhd
.kak' j¾Okh ùu j<lajhs'
´kEjg jvd YS;lrKfha NdKav weiqreï

fuu.ska fjk;a wdydr wmú;% ùu je<lajhs' fuu.ska
fkdlrkak' wdydr øjH ixfõ§j .nvd lsÍug
wuq wdydr msiQ wdydr j,ska wE;a lrhs'
m%udKj;a bvla ;nkak'
yels kï" wuq wdydr i|yd tla YS;lrKhla o" msiQ

wdidokhla fkdue;s nj iy;sl lsÍu'
$ ilia l< wdydr i|yd tlla o ;nd .kak'
48
YS;lrKhla ;=< wdydr øjH .nvd lsÍu i|yd jk fmdÿ kS;s(
fndfyda jd‚c uq¿;ekaf.hs wuq wdydr iy msisk ,o fyda ilia l< wdydr i|yd fjku YS;lrKhla
we;' iuyr úg wuq uia" l=l=¿ uia iy uqyqÿ wdydr i|yd YS;lrKhla ;sfnkakg mq¨jk' fuh wdh;kfha
úYd,;ajh fukau úYd, WmlrK i|yd jk whjeh u; r|d mj;S'
flfia fj;;a" ixia:dms;h l=vd jk w;r tla YS;lrKhla muKla ;sfí kï" wdydr wdidokh ùu je<elaùu
i|yd wkq.ukh l< hq;= ir, kS;s lsysmhla ;sfí'
FIFO wdfoaY lrkak - kj fldgia mer‚ fldgia msgqmi fkd;eìh hq;=h'

Ndú;fha Èkhka ms<sn|j úuis,af,ka isákak" ish¨ whs;u ksjerÈj f,an,a l< hq;=h'
wuq uia" l=l=¿ uia" ud¿ fyd¢ka uqød ;nd my< rdlalfha ;nd .; hq;=h' fuuÕska tajdfha f;;ukh u.ska
fjk;a wdydr wmú;% ùfuka j<lajhs'
lsß ksIamdok" l,a ;nd .ekSu iy wÉpdre jeks wdydrhg iqÿiq wdydr iy ieliQ wdydr øjH by< iy ueo
rdlalj, ;nd .; hq;=h'
i,do" w;=remi" iekaâúÉ" flala jeks ilia l< wdydr wuq wdydr øjH j,ska wE;aj ;nd .; hq;=h" tneúka
yels kï by< rdlalh jvd;a iqÿiqh'
ì;a;r by< rdlalfha ;nd .ekSfï fyda fodf¾ we;s ì;a;r rojkfha ;nd .; yel'
m,;=re fyda t<j¿ i|yd n÷kla fyda ,dÉpqjla ;sfí kï" m,;=re fyda t<j¿ ,dÉpqfõ ;nkak m,;=re iy
t<j¿ tlg .nvd fkdlrkak' fuu NdKav uqød ;enQ nE.aj, ;sìh hq;=h'
úúO wdydr øjH .nvd lsÍfï§ my; i|yka kS;s f;areï .kak(
wdydr krla ùu yd fi!LHhg ;¾ckhla ùu je<elaùu i|yd w¨;a wdydr øjH jydu .nvd l< hq;=h'
mj;sk ishü wmsßisÿ øjH yd iqkanqka bj;a lrkak" YS;lrKhg fmr kejqï m,;=re yd t<j¿ fyd¢ka
fia§u iy úh<Su' fuh m<sfndaO iy krla ùu j<lajhs'
ishü t<j¿ iy m,;=re msßisÿ" mdkSh c,fha fyd¢ka fidaokak'
lsß NdKav ,enqKq jydu fyda Ndú;fhka miq YS;lrKhg oukak'
fi!LHhg wys;lr ;;a;ajhka j<lajd .ekSu i|yd l,a bl=;ajQ wdydr øjH yd ydkshg m;a áka $ melÜ
Ndú;hg fmr jydu neyer l< hq;=h' tu øjH wuq;a;kag ms<s.ekaùu i|yd ;jÿrg;a wdrlaIs; fkdfõ'
Tfí fydag,h úiska ñ,§ .kakd wdydr øjH ms<sn| ksrka;rfhka hdj;ald,Sk jk jd¾;djla mj;ajd.; hq;=
w;r tfia fkdue;skï wdydrj, wdidokh yd úI ùfï wjodkula we;'
wdydr wmú;% ùu je<elaùu i|yd wdydr .nvd lrk ia:dk fyda wdydr .nvd ldur msßisÿj ;nd .;
hq;= w;r msßisÿ lsÍfï ld,igykla ;sîfuka iy Tfí mßirh ms<sn|j oekqj;a ùfuka ^m<sfndaOlhka fyda
ydkshg m;a WmlrK ms<sn|j úuis,af,ka isàu& idlaId;a lr.; yelsh'
wuq uia ksis f,i fldgia lr T;d ;eîfuka miqj fjk fjku .nvd l< hq;=h'
Tfí jevlrk ;ek fkdj úfYaIs; fíiul uia fidaokak'
uia fyda ud¿ .nvd lr ;snQ .nvd nydüla kej; Ndú;d fkdlrkak' uia iy ud¿ jeks wuq wdydr i|yd
bj; oeñh yels .nvd nyd¨ï Ndú;d lrkak'
WKqiqï wdydr YS;lrKh ;=< .nvd fkdlrkak" tu.ska taldldrj isis,a fkdjk w;r frda.dndO we;s úh
yel'
lEug iQodkï wdydr iy msiQ wdydr wdjrKh lrkak "ke;skï iqoqiq .nvd nyd¨ïj, .nvd lrkak'
ldur WIaK;ajh u; lsis úfgl;a wdydr j, whsia bj;a fkdlrkak' YS;lrKh ;=< wdydr j, we;s whsia
bj;a lrkak'
49
wuq wdydr meh 2 lg jvd jeä ld,hla ldur WIaK;ajfha ;nkak tmd" úfYaIfhka uia yd ud¿' wdydr YS;
l<o" WIaK;ajh 40 F isg 1400 F w;r jk úg nelaàßhd fõ.fhka j¾Okh ùug mgka .kS'
nelaàßhd j¾Okh ukao.dó lsÍu i|yd Tfí wuq wdydr 4 ° C hgf;a ;nd .kak'
wdidokh je<elaùu i|yd wdydr øjH iEu úgu ksjerÈj f,an,a l< hq;=h' f,an,a lsÍu u.ska Tng fyda
Tfí iQmfõoshdg blaukska yd ld¾hlaIuj wdydr øjH fyda wuqøjH fidhd .ekSug WmldÍ fõ'
iEu úgu flá ld,hla i|yd YS;lrKfha ;nd we;s wdydrhg iQodkï wdydr i|yd Èkh $ fõ,dj $ ku
iQmfõoshdf.a ,shkak'
YS;lrKhg oeóug iQodkï jk ^ seasoned or marinated & wuq wdydr i|yd Èkh $ fõ,dj $ iQmfõoshdf.a ku iEu
úgu ,shkak'
Tn kj whs;uhla újD; lr ksIamdokfha fldgila muKla Ndú;d lrkafka kï" iEu úgu wod, NdKavh újD;
l< iQmfõoshdf.a ku" fõ,dj iy Èkh ,shkak îy th ksjerÈ .nvd lrk ia:dkhl ;nkak&'
YS;lrKhg oeóug fmr wdydr øjH fyda msiQ wdydr f,i ksis f,i fldgia j,g fjka l< hq;=h' YS; lsrSfuka miq
tajd kej; whsia bj;a lrk úg iy kej; r;a l< úg tajd l%uj;aj kej; r;a l< yelsh'
nqf* i|yd wdydr ms<sfh< lsÍfï§ meh 24 l ld,hla ;=< wdydr Ndú;d lrkak îuyr ksIamdok jeä
ld,hla r|jd ;nd .; yelsh - WodyrKhla f,i iqma" sticks iy fidaia'
w;ajeiqï Ndú;d lrkafka kï w;ajeiqï b;d Wiia ;;a;ajfha ;sìh hq;=h - Tjqka Ndú;d lrk w;ajeiqï l=uk
>Kfha tajdo hkak Tfí wdh;kh iuÕ mÍlaId lrkak' lEug iQodkï wdydr iam¾Y lrk úg w;ajeiqï
msßisÿ w;lg muKla me<| .kak' wuq wdydr fyda frÈ fidaok WmlrK yeisrùfï§ w;ajeiqï m<¢kak tmd'
FIFO iy f;d. N%uK ld,igyka
uq,ska Ndú;d l< hq;af;a l=uk áka fyda melÜ oehs oek .ekSug Ndú;d lrk Èkhka mÍlaId lrkak'
fldgia N%uK ld,igykla $ moaO;shla mj;ajd .kak'
mer‚ yd kj wdydr øjH l<ukdlrKh lsÍu i|yd Tfí wdh;kh .kakd l%shd mámdáh fldgia
N%uKh úia;r lrhs' f;d. N%uK ,ehsia;=jla $ l%shdmámdáhla uÕska wdydr øjH tajdfha Ndú;hg
wkqj iy $ fyda wdydr øjHhla ñ,g .;a úg tajd .nvd lrkafka flfiaoehs Tng lshkq we;' fuh
jeo.;a jkafka wdydr iqrlaIs;;d m%ñ;Ska iy mdßfNda.slhskaf.a fi!LHh yd wdrlaIdj mj;ajd
f.k hdug Wmldr jk neúks'
fldgia N%uKfhys tla wx.hla jkafka FIFO } First in First Out moaO;shhs' wdydr kdia;sh je<elaùu
iy wdydr iqrlaIs;;dj mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd mer‚ áka iy melÜ msgqmi kj áka fyda wdydr
melÜ .nvd lr we;'
—rdlal wdhq ld<h˜ hkafkka woyia lrkafka l=ulao@

rdlal wdhq ld<h hkq ishü wdydr ksIamdokj, —fyd|u fmr Èkh˜ fyda —l,a bl=;a ùfï Èkh˜ hkakhs' wdydr
ksIamdokj, f,an,j, Tng fuu Èkhka oelsh yelsh'
rdlal wdhq ld<h hkq krla ùug fmr kejqï wdydr øjHhla fldmuK ld,hla .nvd lr ;eìh yelso hkakhs'
ksoiqkla jYfhka" lsß wdydr øjH b;d flá wdhq ld,hla we;'
ishü wdydr ksIamdokj, wdhq ld,hla ;sfío@

Tõ'
50
fjk;a .nvd l%u
BLAST CHILLER
Blast freezers iuyr úg shock freezers f,i ye¢kafõ' fuu j¾.fha YS;lrKh .nvd lsÍfï woyi kï
îdudkHfhka& wdydr j, fyda kejqï ksIamdokj, WIaK;ajh b;d fõ.fhka my; fy,Suhs'
YS; l< wdydr l¾udka;fha oS whsia l%Sï" fmr iQodkï l< wdydr iy t<j¿ fyda ud¿ jeks foa .nvd lsrSu
i|yd tajd nyq,j Ndú;d fõ' fndfyda fj<o uq¿;ekaf.hs freezers .nvd lsÍfï tall o Ndú;d lrhs'
Blast Freezer Ndú;d lrkafka wehs@
wdydr YS;l< úg ^fyda fjk;a fohla& we;=<; c,h whsia njg fõ' leá lsÍfï ls%hdj,shg jeä ld,hla .;
jk ;rug whsia leg úYd, fõ' úYd, f,i whsia leg .eiSu u.ska wdydr øjHfha ffi, j,g ydks isÿ jk
w;r ffi, mqmqrd hdu jeks ixisoaê we;s lrhs' fõ.fhka leá lsÍfï oS whsia leg b;d l=vd jk w;r tuÕska
wvq ydkshla isÿ jk w;r wdydr Wiia ;;a;ajfha wdrlaId fõ'
51
È.= ld,Sk .nvd lsÍu( wdydr — Blast Freeze ˜ miq th È.= ld,Sk .nvd lsÍu i|yd idudkH YS;lrKhlg
f.k hd yelsh'
wdydrj, .=Kd;aulNdjh yd rih wdrlaId fõ(Blast Freeze lsÍu nelaàßhd j¾Okh ukao.dó lrhs' wdydr
iqrlaIs;j yiqrejd miqj ilia l< ú.i YS;lrKh ;=<g oukq ,enqjfyd;a krla ùfï wjodku fnfyúka
wvq fõ'
Blast Freeze lrkafka flfiao@
Blast freezers fndfyduhla ;=, blower fans Ndú;d lrk w;r tuÕska YS;lrKfhys wka;¾.;h yryd iS;,
jd;h fõ.fhka isis,a lsÍu i|yd Wmldr lrhs' wfkla whg ie,iqu wkqj fjk;a wdldrj,ska jev l< yelsh'
wdydr ia:dk.; lsÍu i|yd tyd fuyd l< yels ;eá j,ska tajd iukaú; úh yelsh w;r fndfyda úg YS;
lsÍu i|yd úúO ueÈß we;=<;a fõ'
idudkH YS;lrKhlg idudkHfhka ldur WIaK;ajfha § wdydr yeisrúh yels w;r YS;lrKfhys wêl
f,i Odß;dj mgjd fkdue;s kï Wkqiqï fõ' YS;lrKh ;=< WKqiqï wdydr úYd, m%udKhla ;eîu u.ska" tys
WIaK;ajh by< hkq we;s w;r th tys isis,k Odß;djg wys;lr f,i n,mdhs'
52
jel=ï weiqreï
jel=ï weiqreï hkq uqød ;eîug fmr meflacfhka jd;h bj;a lrk weiqreïlrK l%uhls' fuu l%uhg ^w;ska
fyda iajhxlS%hj& ma,diaála meflachla ^film package);=< whs;u ;eîu" we;=<; isg jd;h bj;a lsÍu iy
meflach uqød ;eîu we;=<;a fõ' film package iuyr úg wka;¾.;hg fydÈka .e,fmk mßÈ Ndú;d lrhs'
jel=ï weiqreïj, wNsm%dh jkafka idudkHfhka wdydrj, wdhq ld,h §¾> lsrSu i|yd nyd¨fuka Tlaiscka bj;a
lsÍu iy kuHYS,S meflac wdlD;s iuÕ wka;¾.;fha yd meflacfha mßudj wvq lsÍuhs'
jel=ï weiqreï Ndú;d lrkafka wehs@
wdydr ixrlaIKh iy uqo,a b;sß lsÍu(jel=ï weiqreï j, .nvd lsrSug ieliQ " msisk ,o fyda wuq wdydr
jqj;a tajdfha wdhq ld,h §¾> lrhs' Tng úúO j¾.fha wdydr jel=ï weiqreï j, weisrsh yels w;r wdydr
YS;lrKh ;=< jir 3 la olajd ;end.; yelsh'
jeä ld,hla wdydr l,a ;nd .ekSug yelsùu u.ska wvq wdydr krla ùula iy wvq wdydr kdia;shla isoqjk
w;r tuÕska msßjeh wvq lr .; yelsh'
b;sßjk wdydr l,a;nd .ekSu(jel=ï weiqreï ;eîu u.ska b;=rejk ´kEu wdydrhla wdrlaId lsÍug
WmldÍ jk w;r wdydr kdia;sh wju lsÍfuka msßjeh wvq lrhs'
wmú;% ùfuka wdrlaId ùu(jel=ï weiqreï ;eîu u.ska wdydr j,g wdrlaIs; wdjrKhla tla lrhs'
nelaàßhd" È,Sr iy mqia j,ska muKla fkdj" YS;lrKfhka ms<siaiSfuka o ydks fõ '
krlaùfuka wdrlaId lsrSu(jel=ï weiqreïlrKh ;eîfuka jd;h ^Tlaiscka& bj;a jk w;r j¾Kh" rih iy
rih hk ish,a,u fyd¢ka wdrlaId fõ'
l,a;nd .kakd øjH wjYH fkdfõ( kejqï ksIamdok ieliSulska f;drj jel=ï weiqreul ;eìh yelsh' tajd
fyd¢ka msßisÿ lr úh<d .; hq;=h'
Marinated fyda seasoned l< wdydr mjd jel=ï weiqreïlrKh l< yels w;r rihka uqød ;eîfuka
marinade fyda l=¿nvqfõ ri wdydr øjHhg fydoska tl;= fõ'
53
YS;lrKh ms<siaiSu hkq l=ulao@
leá lsÍfï laßuhdj,sfha§ wdydr ksis f,i uqoard. ;nd fkdue;s úg isÿ jkafka fuhhs' wdydrj, j¾Kh yd
jhkh fjkia jk w;r msisk úg wdydrfha rih yd jhkh flfrys th n,mdkq we;'
Freezer burn on minced beef Freezer burn on chicken breast
Tn jel=ï weiqreï lrkafka flfiao@
jd‚c fj<|fmdf,a úúO j¾.fha hka;% ;sfí' Tn i;=j wdh;khla ;sfí kï" th Ndú;d lrk wdldrh bf.k
.ekSug j. n,d .kak'
jel=ï weiqreï hka;% i|yd ;dmh yd isÿrej,g Tfrd;a;= fok úfYaI jel=ï weiqreï nE.a wjYH fõ' fuu
nE.a Tfí wdh;kh úiska ñ,§ .; hq;=h'
fmdÿ hka;%hla jkafka ndysr uqød ;eîu fyda ;ks fyda oaú;aj l=àr uqød ;eîuhs' wdydr wuqøjHh fyda wdydr
u,af,a ;nd ßla;l iy uqød ;eîfï ia:dkfha ^ndysr uqød ;eîfï& fyda hka;%fhau ^;ks yd oaú;aj l=àr hka;%&
;nd we;' uq,skau nE.fha we;=<; isg jd;h bj;a lr miqj nE.h ;dm uqød ;nkq ,efí'
igyk( hka;% Ndú;d lrk úg u;l ;nd .kak" Tnu oekqj;a lrkak' Tng yels úg w;afmd; lshjd th
Ndú;d lrk wdldrh m<uqj Tng fmkajkq we;'
54
WIaK;ajh md,kh
wdydr mßyrKh lrkafkl= f,i WIaK;ajh md,kh lsÍfï jeo.;alu Tn f;areï .; hq;=h' WIaK;ajh
uekSu yd kv;a;= lrkafka flfiao iy wdydrj, WIaK;ajh mÍlaId lrkafka ljodo hkak Tng wdrlaIs;
wdydr ksIamdok mßirhla ks¾udKh lsÍug wjYH l=i,;d fõ'
my; rEm igyk n,kak'
wdydr —wjodkï l,dmfha˜ jeä ld,hla /£ isák úg wdydr mßfNdackhg kqiqÿiq fõ'
fi,aishia wxYl 5 ;a 60 ;a
w;r WIaK;aj mrdihl wdydr 100oC
úI nelaàßhd jvd;a fyd¢ka
j¾Okh fõ' fuh wk;=reodhl Hot Food Zone
l,dmhhs' fuhska woyia 63oC
lrkafka wdydr úIùu j<lajd
.ekSu i|yd wm úkdY jk
wdydr b;d iS;, fyda b;d TEMPERATURE
WKqiqï f,i ;nd .; hq;= njhs DANGER ZONE
5oC
Cold Food Zone
0oC
Frozen Food Zone
-15oC
55
Tn wdydr WIaK;ajh uekSu $ mÍlaId lrkafka flfiao@
YS;lrK iy YS;lrKh ;=< bÈlr we;s WIaK;ajudk we;s w;r Tng WIaK;ajh mÍlaId l< yels ;srhla
we;' wdydrj, wNHka;r WIaK;ajh mÍlaId lsÍu i|yd wdydr WIaK;ajudkhla wjYH fõ'
Refrigerator Freezer Hot Cupboard Bain-marie

ksjerÈ
5 ° C g wvq 0 ° C g wvq 60 ° C g jeä ^my; n,kak&
WIaK;ajh
Thermostat Thermostat
WIaK;ajh / food / food
mÍlaId lrkafka Thermostat Thermostat
thermometer thermometer
$ kv;a;= lrkafka (;dm ia:dh) (;dm ia:dh)
flfiao
(;dm ia:dh wdydr (;dm ia:dh wdydr
WIaK;ajudkh) WIaK;ajudkh)
kv;a;= lsÍu
jeo.;a jkafka wdydr krla ùu je<elaùu" wdydr rih $ wkql+,;dj iy wmú;% ùu je<elaùu'
wehs@
WIaK;ajh mj;ajd .ekSu(
fuhska woyia lrkafka WKqiqï fyda isis,a wdydr ms<sfh< lrk ,o ^fyda msisk ,o& WIaK;ajh mj;ajd .; hq;=
njhs' nqf* wdydr iy jydu ,nd fkdfok ´kEu wdydr i|yd fuh jeo.;a fõ ^wdydr fiajh wdrïN lsÍug
fmr ilia lrk ,o wdydr&'
WKqiqï wdydr 63 ° C fyda Bg by<ska WKqiqïj ;nd .; hq;=h'

WKqiqï wdydr 63 ° C g jvd wvq uÜgul ;nd .; yels kuq;a meh folla muK fõ'
isis,a l< wdydr 8 ° C fyda Bg wvq uÜgul ;nd .; hq;=h'

isis,a wdydr meh 10 la muK 10 ° C § ;nd .; yelsh'
my; j.=fõ oelafjkafka isis,kh jk WIaK;ajh iy fõ,dj iy ^kej;& Wkqiqï WIaK;ajh iy ilia l<
wdydr fõ,djhs(
iS;, nqf* - Ndck isis,a lsÍfuka iy wdydr whsia l+vhg oeófuka 5 °C g jvd wvq uÜgul ;nd .kak'
WKqiqï nqf* - .sksoe,a fyda jdIam iakdkh Ndú;fhka wdydr WKqiqï lsÍfuka 63 °C g jvd by<ska ;nd .kak
(bain marie)'
wdydr yeisrùu
WKqiqï wdydr isis,a lsÍu
WKqiqï wdydr fi,aishia wxYl 5 g wvq isis,kh WIaK;aj wjodkï l,dmfhka msg; wdydr ;nd .ekSug
yels blaukska úh hq;=h'
meh 2 lg wvq ld,hla ;=< 63 ° C isg 10 ° C g wvq m%udKhlg wdydr isis,a lrkak
WIaK;ajh 10 ° C g wvq jQ úg jydu YS;lrKh lrkak'
l=vd nyd¨ï $ fkd.eUqre ;eá Ndú;d lsÍu isis,k fõ.h i|yd myiqlï imhhs
nyd¨ï .eUqr wÕ,a 4 ^fi'ó' 10& iy wdydr .eUqr wÕ,a 2 ^fi'ó' 5& ‍fõ'
56
WKqiqï øj úYd, m%udKhla ;sfnk úg whsia j;=frys lj,ï lrñka isis,a l< yels w;r miqj YS;lrKhla
;=< isis,a l< yelsh
isis,k l%shdj,sh iïmQ¾K;ajh mÍlaId lsÍu i|yd iEu úgu WIaK;ajudkhla Ndú;d lrkak
ldur WIaK;ajfha lsis úfgl;a isis,a fkdfõ
YS; l< wdydr Èhùu
jvd;a fydou( 5 °C g wvq YS;lrKhla ;=<

iEu úgu ksIamdÈ;h kej; hdj;ald,Sk lrkak
wju jYfhka jvd;a leu;s - msßisÿ" mdkh l< yels c,h hgf;a 21 °C g wvq
uhsfl%dafõõ Wÿkl ^msiSfï l%shdj,sfha fldgila kï mu‚&
idudkH W÷kl ^msiSfï l%shdj,sfha fldgila kï mu‚&
wdydr msiSu
WKqiqï r|jd ;nd .ekSu i|yd kej; r;a lrk ,o wdydr ;;amr 15 la i|yd wju jYfhka 73 °C wNHka;r
WIaK;ajhla lrd <Õd úh hq;=h'
Cooking and Reheating Temperatures for Hazardous Foods

An accurate food thermometer should be used to check the internal temperature of cooked and
reheated hazardous foods for at least 15 seconds.
(Hazardous foods are foods that need to be kept hot or cold in order to keep them safe.)
Cook until internal Reheat until internal

Hazardous Food Item
temperature is temperature is
82 °C (180 °F) 74 °C (165 °F)
Whole poultry
Cut and ground poultry and all parts of 74 °C (165 °F) 74 °C (165 °F)
ground meats that contain poultry
Food mixture containing poultry, egg, 74 °C (165 F) 74 °C (165 °F)

meat, fish or another hazardous food
71 °C (160 °F) 71 °C (160 °F)

Pork and pork products
Ground meat, other than ground meat 71 °C (160 °F) 71 °C (160 °F)
containing poultry
70 °C (158 °F) 70 °C (158 °F)

Fish
60 °C (140 °F) 60 °C (140 °F)

Other hazardous foods, such as roast
beef, lamb or goat
57
b;sß oE yeisrùu iy kej; r;a lsÍu
b;sßj we;s foa iuÕ lghq;= lsÍfï§ Tn ksjerÈj yeisrùu iy kej; r;a lsÍu w;HjYH fõ' tfia ke;fyd;a
nelaàßhd wdidokh ùfï wjodku fukau wdydrfha rih" iy j¾Kh ke;sùuo wjodkug ,la fõ'
b;sßj we;s oE yels blaukska isis,a lrkak ^meh 2 la we;=<;&" YS;lrKfha .nvd lr Èk 3-4 la
we;=<; wdydrhg .kak' úl,amhla f,i" udi 3-4la i|yd b;sß oE YS; lrkak' fuu wjia:dfjka
miqj" tajd ;ju;a wdydrhg .ekSu wdrlaIs; hehs ie,fla - kuq;a iy rih wvmK úh yelsh'
Èk folla we;=<; Tfí YS;lrKfha b;sßj we;s oE Ndú;d lrkak'
Tn YS;lrKfhka b;=re fldgia .kakjd kï" meh 24 la we;=<; lkak' Wkqiqï ùug fmr tajd
YS;lrKh ;=< ;nd fyda Tfí uhsfl%dafõõ Wÿfka we;s YS;lrK ieliqu Ndú;d lsÍfuka tajd fyd¢ka
ñÿKq njg j. n,d .kak' YS; l< miq" YS;lrKh lr Èk 3-4 la ;=< wdydrhg .kak'
idiamdka" uhsfl%dafõõ fyda Wÿk Ndú;fhka w¾O jYfhka úiqrejd yßk ,o b;sß oE kej; r;a lsÍu
wdrlaIs;hs' flfia fj;;a" wdydr iïmQ¾Kfhkau Èhù fkd.shfyd;a kej; r;a lsÍu jeä ld,hla
.;jkq we;'
k<h mqrd WKqiqï jk f;la wdydr kej; r;a lrkak' b;sß oE kej; r;a lrk úg" ñks;a;= 2 la
i|yd wdydr WIaK;ajudkhlska uksk ,o mßÈ tajd wju jYfhka 74ºC olajd <Õd ùug j. n,d
.kak'
fidaia" iqma iy f.a%ú frda,a lr kNs.; lrkak'
kej; r;a lsÍug b;sß fldgia wdjrKh lrkak' fuh f;;ukh r|jd ;nd .kakd w;r wdydr
ish,a,u r;a jk nj iy;sl lrhs'
Tn uhsfl%dafõõ Wÿkla Ndú;d lrkafka kï" wdydr taldldrj r;a fkdjk nj u;l ;nd .kak"
tu ksid wdydr msiSfï fõ,dfjka wvla wjikajk úg bj;g f.k th l,jï lrkak' wdjrKh
lrk ,o uhsfl%dafõõ wdrlaIs; ùÿrejl fyda msÕka ueá msÕdkl wdydr øjH ilid wjYH kï
Èhr iaj,amhla tla lrkak' wdjrKh uhsfl%dafõõ wdrlaIs; njg j. n,d .kak iy jdYam msg;g
fkdhk njg j.n,d .kak'fuys we;sjk f;;ukh ;dmh ydkslr nelaàßhd úkdY lsÍug WmldÍ
jk w;r taldldÍj wdydr msiSug Wmldr lrkq we;' tfiau" uhsfl%dafõõ Wÿfka iS;, ìos;s ^cold
spots& we;s neúka" wdydr WIaK;ajudkhla iuÕ ia:dk lsysmhl wdydrj, WIaK;ajh mÍlaId lr
wdydr WIaK;ajudkhla iuÕ wdydrfha wNHka;r WIaK;ajh mÍlaId lsÍug fmr úfõl ld,hla ,nd
fokak' mdka" l=vd t<j¿ iy m,;=re jeks wdydr j,g jvd l¿l=ñ uia fyda yrla uia frdaiaÜ jeks
wdydrj, wdydr msiSug jeä ld,hla .kS'
b;=rejQ wdydr tla jrlg jvd kej; r;a fkdlrkak' Tng úYd, iqma n÷kla ;sfí kï" Tng wjYH
foa msg;g f.k l=vd mEka tll kej; r;a lsÍu jvd fyd|h'
58
lEug iQodkï wdydr iy isis,a wdydr wdrlaId lsÍu
i,do" msisk ,o l=l=,a uia $ fmdlsßiaika $ w¾;dm,a $ gQkd iekaâúÉ jeks msiSulska f;drj imhkq ,nk
wdydr iS;, ksIamdok j,ska iEÈh hq;=h'
wdydrhg iQodkï l< wdydr iEu úgu wmú;% ùfuka wdrlaId lrkak' wdydr wkqNj lsÍug iqodkï l<
wdydr laIqøÔj úoHd;aul Wmøj ;=rka lsÍu i|yd zr;alsrSfñz mshjrla fkdue;' wdydr j¾.h u; mokïj
wdjrKh lr ksjerÈ WIaK;ajh mj;ajd .kak' lEug iQodkï wdydr yiqrejk úg iEu úgu w;a wdjrK
Ndú;d lrkak'
msiSug kshñ; wuq wdydr wdrlaId l< hq;=h - flfia fj;;a tajd wyïfnka nelaàßhd fyda ffjrihlska
wdidokh jqjfyd;a" r;a lsrSfñ mshjf¾oS fndfyda úg fuu Wmøj bj;a lrkq we;'
wdydr ilik w;r;=r tla jrlag ne.ska ye¢ Ndú;d lrñka wdydr j, ri n,kak" iqÿiq ia:dkj, tajd ´kE
;rï ;nd .kak' ye¢ kej; Ndú;d fkdlrkak'
nqf* wdydrj, .=Kd;aulNdjh mj;ajd .ekSu
wdydr ksr;=rej udre lrkak'

l=vd m%udK j,ska m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
2$3 ysia jQ úg nyd¨ï fjkia lrkak'
oekgu;a nqf* tfla we;s nyd¨ïj,g kejqï wdydr tl;= fkdlrkak
Cooking Zone Boiling Water

100oC bacteria will be destroyed
75oC Cooking / Reheating
63oC Minimum Hot Holding
Danger Zone 37oC Body Temperature

Ideal temperature for bacteria to grow
8oC Food Storage

Store food at this temperature or below
5oC Fridge Temperature

All the above
Freezer Temperature temperatures are
Cold Zone -18 C
o
Bacteria will not grow but may not die guidelines only
59
Delivery Storage Handling Waste
Food that is frozen Thawing procedure Deal with waste

goes straight to packaging
freezer if not being
used soon.
Food is received in
Reheating
the delivery area. Deal with leftovers
procedures
Food that is not
frozen must be
prepared for Cooking Waste Management
storage or be used
for cooking
by; rEm igyk wdydr øjH yd wdydr msÕdkla fj<o uq¿;ekaf.hla jgd .uka lrk wdldrh ms<sn|
WodyrKhls' tys m%jdyhla we;s nj Tng oel .; yelsh' wdydr yeisrùug wdydr m%jdyKh lrkafka
ljodo iy flfiao hkak muKla fkdj fld;ekgo hkak u;h' fï iïnkaOfhka ld¾hlaIu uq¿;ekaf.hs
msßie,iqula ;sîu u.ska ld¾hfha ld¾hlaIu;dj jeä lrhs'
uq¿;ekaf.hs msßie,iqu iy wmoar õho l<ukdlrKh
wdydr iqrlaIs;;djfha wjidk l=¿K jkafka wixúê; uq¿;ekaf.hl wdydr wmú;% ùug fya;= jkafka flfiao
hkak f;areï .ekSuhs' 3 jk fldgfia wmøjHh l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| jeäÿr bf.k .kq we;'
wdydr iemhSu iy wdydr .nvd lrk m%foaY i|yd ikSmdrlaIdj iy wdrlaIdj ms<sn| fyd| m%ñ;Ska mj;ajd
.ekSu jeo.;a jk w;r" uq¿;ekaf.hska fjkaj fuu m%foaY ;ksju fkdmj;sk nj Tn u;l ;nd .; hq;=h'
fj<o uq¿;ekaf.hl jev lrk fndfyda wxY we;s w;r" tla tla m%foaYh fyda wjldYh ye¢kafjkafka flfiao"
tu m%foaYh fyda wjldYh Ndú;d lrkafka l=ula o" tu m%foaYfha jev lrkafka ljqreka o hkak iy tu
m%YfoaY msßisÿj yd ikSmdrlaIl f,i ;nd .kafka flfiao hkak Tn oek isàu jeo.;a h'
msßisÿ lsÍu yd ikSmdrlaId ld,igyklg wu;rj jev ld,igyka" fiajd ld,igyka hkdÈh we;' Tng iy
wfkla ish,a,kagu iqug jev m%jdyhla iy;sl lsÍu i|yd uq¿;ekaf.fhys Tfí ia:dkh oek .ekSu w;HdjYH
fõ' fuh wdidokh yd wk;=re isÿùu j<lajhs'
uq¿;ekaf.hs msßie,iqu iy ixúOdkfha jeo.;alu .ek is;Su wdrïN lsÍu i|yd my; i|yka m%Yakj,g
ms<s;=re §ug W;aidy lrkak(
ish,a, fldfyo@ WmlrK" fuj,ï" WmlrK" lÜ,Ü" msÕka wdÈh'

by; fuj,ï myiq ia:dkhl ;nd ;sfío@
úÿ,s WmlrK iy nr WmlrK .nvd lr we;af;a fldfyao@
- th uf.a fiajd ia:dkhg iómo@
fnod yeÍu" .nvd lsÍu" wdydr ms<sfh, lrk ia:dkh fldyso@
fia§fï m%foaYh ^h& fldfyo@ - th uf.a fiajd ia:dkhg iómo@
wdydr fiajd m%foaYh fldfyao@
60
wmøjH neyer lrkafka fldfyao@ - th uf.a fiajd ia:dkhg iómo@

uf.a jevfmd< fldfyo@ - uu uf.a jevfmd< lsisfjl= iuÕ fnodyod .kakjdo@
uq¿;ekaf.hs msßie,iqu iy wmøjH l<ukdlrK ms<sfj;a iïnkaOfhka uf.a hq;=lï fudkjdo@
fyd| fyda ÿ¾j, jdhq jd;dY%hla ;sfío@
.sks ksjk WmlrK fldfyao@ .sks wk=re ix{d ;sfío@
HACCP hkq l=ulao@
HACCP hkq Wmøj úYaf,aIKh iy úfõpkd;aul md,k lreKqfú ^Hazard Analysis and Critical Control
Points&'
th Wmøj je<elaùu i|yd jQ moaO;shls' th 1960 .Kkaj, kdid ^cd;sl .=jka yd wNahmjldY mßmd,kh&
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) ,ms,aianß iud.u iy tlai;a ckmo yuqodj
úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o moaO;shls' Tjqka fuu l%uh ksmojQfha wNHdjldY fufyhqï i|yd wdrlaIs; wdydr
ks¾udKh lsÍug Tjqka W;aidy l< neúks'
fuu l%uh Ndú;d lsÍu wdydrmdk l¾udka;h" <ore wdydr ksIamdokh" áka l< wdydr ksIamdokh iy fj<o
uq¿;ekaf.hs f,dj mqrd jHdma; úh' wdydr yiqrejkafkl= f,i Tn fuu l%uh .ek bf.k f.k f;areï .ekSu
ks¾foaY lrkq ,efí' Tfí fiajdfhdaclhd HACCP mqyqKqj ,nd fokafkaoehs úuikak'
fyda f;dr;=re i|yd ud¾..;j fidhkak(

https://safefoodalliance.com/haccp/the-beginners-guide-to-haccp/
61
Below is basic flow chart of how HACCP works in food production:
Assemble HACCP Team
Describe product
Identify how product will be used
Construct Flow Diagram of how product will be produced
On site confirmation of Flow Diagram
List all Potential Hazards and do Hazard Analysis
Determine what the CCPs are (Critical Control Points)
Establish Critical Limits of CCP
Establish Monitoring system for CCP
Establish Corrective Action for each CCP
Establish Verification Procedure
Establish Documentation and Record Keeping
62
fj<o uq¿;ekaf.hl HACCP moaO;sh .e,Sï igykla Ndú;d l< yels wdldrh ms<sn| WodyrK my; oelafõ(
ud¿ yd ud¿ ksIamdok i|yd m%jdy ie,eiau
mshjr 1 ,eîu
WIaK;ajh < + 5 C
2 .nvd lsÍu
WIaK;ajh < -18 c
3 whsia bj;a lsrSu
WIaK;ajh 16 c – 20 c w;r
¨Kq" .ïñßia iy foys

4 l<ska ieliSu hqI iu. ri.ekaùu
5 msisu
WIaK;ajh > 85 c
(ñks;a;= 15 la i|yd uQ,sl WIaK;ajh)
WIaK;ajh 8c – 4c w;r
kej; r;a lsrSu WKQiqïj ;eîu isis,aj- r|jd .ekSu
6 > 65 c meh 3 lg wvq

WIaK;ajh – 65 c
ms<s.ekaùu
63
uia iy uia ksIamdok i|yd m%jdy ie,eiau
mshjr 1 ,eîu
WIaK;ajh < + 5 C
2 .nvd lsÍu
WIaK;ajh < -18 c
3 whsia bj;a lsrSu
4 l<ska ieliSu ¨Kq" .ïñßia" wn l%Sï"

T!IO iy f;,a
5 msisu
WIaK;ajh > 85 c
kej; r;a lsrSu WKQiqïj ;eîu isis,aj- r|jd .ekSu

WIaK;ajh – 65 c
ms<s.ekaùu
64
m,;=re i|yd m%jdy ie,eiau
mshjr 1 ,eîu
2 .nvd lsÍu
iSks isrma iuÕ

3 l<ska ieliSu iagQ lr we;
msisu
WKqiqïj ;nd .ekSu isis,aj- r|jd .ekSu
ms<s.ekaùu
65
t<j¿ i|yd m%jdy ie,eiau
mshjr 1 ,eîu
2 .nvd lsÍu
fidaia iy ;=kmy iuÕ ñY%

3 l<ska ieliSu lr ilid iy f;,a iuÕ
ñY% lr we;
msisu
ms<s.ekaùu
66
lsß iy lsß ksIamdok i|yd m%jdy ie,eiau
mshjr 1 ,eîu
WIaK;ajh < 5 c
2 .nvd lsÍu
WIaK;ajh < 5 c
;eïîu" .id .ekSu"j¾K

3 l<ska ieliSu .ekaùu yd ri .ekaùu
4
WIaK;ajh > 65 c WIaK;ajh <5c
ms<s.ekaùu ms<s.ekaùu
WIaK;ajh > 65 c WIaK;ajh < 5 c
67
ì;a;r yd ì;a;r ksIamdok i|yd m%jdy ie,eiau
mshjr 1 ,eîu
2 .nvd lsÍu
WIaK;ajh < 8 c
;eïîu ¨Kq" .ïñßia iy

3 l<ska ieliSu
l=¿nvq tl;= lr ri .ekaùu
4
WIaK;ajh > 65 c WIaK;ajh <5c
ms<s.ekaùu ms<s.ekaùu
68
OdkH i|yd m%jdy ie,eiau
mshjr 1 ,eîu
2 .nvd lsÍu
3 ieliSu
4 WKqiqïj ;nd .ekSu
WIaK;ajh > 65 c
5 WKqiqïj ms<s.ekaùu isis,aj ms<s.ekaùu
69
fílß ksIamdok i|yd m%jdy ie,eiau
mshjr 1 ,eîu
2 .nvd lsÍu
3 ieliSu
4 WKqiqïj ;nd .ekSu isis,aj- r|jd .ekSu
WIaK;ajh > 65 c
5 WKqiqïj ms<s.ekaùu isis,aj ms<s.ekaùu
WIaK;ajh > 65 c ldur WIaK;ajh
70
c,h i|yd m%jdy ie,eiau
mshjr 1 ,eîu
2 ix.%y lsÍu
.nvd lsÍu
71
l=l=¿ yd l=l=¿ ksIamdok i|yd m%jdy ie,eiau
mshjr 1 ,eîu
WIaK;ajh < + 5 C
2 .nvd lsÍu
WIaK;ajh < -18 c
3 whsia bj;a lsrSu
¨Kq" .ïñßia" wn l%Sï"

4 l<ska ieliSu T!IO me<Eá iy f;,a iuÕ
ri.kajd we;
5 msisu
WIaK;ajh > 85 c
kej; r;a lsrSua WKQiqïj ;eîu isis,aj- r|jd .ekSu

WIaK;ajh – 65 c
ms<s.ekaùu
72
wdydr iqrlaIs;;djfha idrdxYh
Tn msßisÿo@
Tn ksfrda.So@ mqoa.,sl ikSmdrlaIdj

mj;ajd .kak
Tn ksjerÈ we÷ï
yd im;a;= me<|
isákjdo@
kejqï" YS; l<" áka

wdydr wdrlaIs;j l< wdydr .nvd
lrkafka flfiaoehs Tn
yiqrejkak okakjdo@
Tn msßisÿ lsÍfï
ld,igykla $
N%ukhla Ndú;d ks;sm;d msßisÿ wdydr
lrkjdo@
mßyrKh lrk
Tn m<sfndaO m%foaYh
md,kh lrkjdo@
wdydr wmøjH li< ksis f,i

ksjerÈj neyer fjka ù ;sfío@
lrkak
^wmøjH neyer lsÍu iy m<sfndaO md,kh i|yd wmøjH l<ukdlrKh n,kak&
73
03 jk fldgi

wmøjH l<ukdlrKh
03 jk fldgi | wmøjH l<ukdlrKh
wmøjH l<ukdlrKh
fuu fldgfia§ Tn hym;a wmøjH neyer lsÍfï ms<sfj;a iy wmøjH l<ukdlrKh i|yd mj;sk jvd
hym;a woyia .ek bf.k .kq we;' iEu wdh;khlau wmøjH ckkh lrk w;r tu wmøjH l<ukdlrKh
lrkafka flfiao hkak ;SrKd;aul lreKls' Tfí wdh;kfha wmøjH M,odhS f,i l<ukdlrKh lsÍug iy
wmøjH jvd fyd¢ka l<ukdlrKh lsÍug we;s wjia:d y÷kd .ekSug Tn W;aidy l< hq;=h
uq¿;ekaf.hs wmøjH lsis úfgl;a ms,siaiSu fkdl, hq;=h' ma,diaála fyda f,day jeks wmøjH oykh lsÍfuka
Tng iy Tfí lKavdhfï idudðlhskag nrm;, fi!LH .eg¨ we;s úh yelsh' th kS;s úfrdaë h' tu.ska
ydksodhl .kaO|hla jykh jk neúka Tfí wuq;a;ka Tn iy Tfí fydag,h .ek krl wdldrfhka is;kq
we;' lreKdlr wmøjH ms,siaiSu fkdlrkak'
hym;a wmøjH l<ukdlrKh fyda hym;a wmøjH neyer lsÍfï mqreÿ ;sîu jeo.;a jkafka wehs@
fj<o uq¿;ekaf.fhys jev lrk m%foaY msßisÿj" ikSmdrlaIl yd yÈis wk;=re j,ska f;drj ;nd .ekSu
jeo.;a fõ ^jev m%jdy jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu&' frda." m<sfndaOlhka" oq.o iy wmú;% ùu je<elaùu i|yd th
jeo.;a fõ' ish¨ wmøjH mdßißl .eg¿jla jk w;r th wjidkfha mdßißl ¥IKhg u. mdohs'
wdidokh u.ska mDIaGhka iy wdydrmdk" úúO wdldrj,ska wmú;% ùu fyda úI ùu isÿúh yels wdldrh úia;r
flf¾' wmøjH l<ukdlrKh lsÍfï§ laIqøÔj úoHd;aul ^Wod( nelaàßhd&" fN!;sl ^Wod( ysiflia" wmsßisÿ&
fyda ridhksl ^Wod( äg¾ckaÜ" í,SÉ& wmú;% øjHh Tfí oE;a u.ska me;sÍu" tam%k" im;a;= iy msßisÿ lsÍfï
WmlrK wfkla whf.a oE;a" .Dy NdKav" we| we;sß,s" uq¿;ekaf.hs u;=msg iy wdydr mdk j¾.' fuh wdydr
úIùu yd ;=jd, ùu jeks nrm;, .eg¿ j,g ;=vq Èh yelsh'
wmú;% ùu iy th j<lajd .kafka flfiao hkak ms<sn| jeäÿr lshùug lreKdlr ikSmdrlaIl m%ñ;s
f;dr;=re n,kak'
i,ld ne,sh hq;= fmdÿ lreKq(
wmøjH blaukska yd ld¾hlaIuj neyer l< hq;=h' lsis úfgl;a wmøjH f.dv.eiSug bv fkdfokak'
wuq;a;kag oelsh yels ia:dkhl lsis úfgl;a wmøjH';nd fkd.kak'
wmøjH neyer lsÍfï§ w;ajeiqï iy tam%k me<£u fyd| mqreoaols' Tfí uqyqK uqyqKq wdjrKhla
u.ska wdjrKh lr .kak túg Tng ydkslr ÿu wdYajdi fkdfõ' Tfí im;a;= wdjrKh lsÍuo fyd|
woyils" tneúka im;a;= wmsßisÿ jqjfyd;a tajd msßisÿ lsÍug wjYH fkdfõ'
Tfí n÷ka wmøjH j,ska msÍ ;sfí kï" Tn tu w;sßla;h fjku li< Ndckhlg fyda nE.hlg f.k
hd hq;=h'
wmøjH uq¿;ekaf.hs yd fmdÿ ia:dk j,ska l<ukdlrKh l< hq;=h'
Tng wmøjH j¾.h y÷kd .ekSug fkdyels kï" th i;Hdmkh lr neyer lsÍfï l%uhlg Wmfoia
fok f,i Tfí l<ukdlref.ka fyda m<mqreÿ ld¾h uKav, idudðlfhl=f.ka b,a,d isáh hq;=h'
76
wdydr wmøjH bj;a lsÍu iy neyer lsÍu
uq¿;ekaf.hs $ wdydr jydu wmøjH bj;a lrkak(
th uq¿;ekaf.hs u;=msg wmøjH j,ska yd ueiaika yd óhka jeks m<sfndaOlhkaf.ka wE;aj isàug WmldÍ fõ'
th uq¿;ekaf.hs u;=msg msßisÿj ;nd .ekSug iy úIîc j,g f.dÿre ùfï wjodku wvq lrhs'
wdydr wmøjH n÷ka bj;a lsrSu uq¿;ekaf.fhys oq.kaOh wvq lsrSug WmldÍ fõ'
m<sfndaOlhka l=iaishg fyda wmøjH n÷ka j,g wdl¾IKh ùu je<elaùug th WmldÍ fõ'
wdrlaIs; wdydr wmøjH neyer lsÍu i|yd my; i|yka mshjr ks¾foaY lrkq ,efí(
1' tam%k iy rn¾ w;ajeiqï me<| .kak'

2' yels kï ma,diaála nyd¨ïj, ^nd,aÈ fyda fíiu& wdydr wmøjH iy wdydr fkdjk wmøjH ^ma,diaála"
lvodis" ùÿre" f,day& fjk fjku tl;= lrkak'
3' wmøjH wod, m%foaYhg udre lr wmøjH n÷ka j,g wkqj neyer lrkak'
4' neyer lsÍug fmr bj; oeñh yels ma,diaála nyd¨ï msßisÿ lrkak'
5' neyer lsÍug fmr ùÿre nyd¨ï fidaokak' neyer lsÍug fmr f,day nyd¨ï fidaokak'
6' tl;= lrk nyd¨ï fidaod úh<d iqÿiq mßÈ .nvd lrkak'
7' bj; oeñh yels rn¾ w;ajeiqï ksis f,i neyer lr tam%k bj;a lrkak'
8' wmsßisÿ fros l+vfha tam%k ;nkak'
9' w;a fyd¢ka fidaokak'
idudkH wmøjH bj;a lsÍu yd neyer lsÍu
úúO j¾.fha wmøjH úúO" jvd;a iqÿiq j¾K fla; iy $ fyda f,an,a lrk ,o n÷kaj, neyer l< hq;=h'
fuhska woyia lrkafka wmøjH my; oelafjk ldKavj,g fjka lsÍuhs(
ma,diaála
lvodis
lEka
ùÿre
bj;k wdydr
Tfí wdh;khg bv yd myiqlï ;sfí kï" wdydr wmøjH wdh;kfha WoHdkfha Ndú;h i|yd fldïfmdaiaÜ
njg m;a l< yelsh'
fjka lsÍu jeo.;a jkafka wehs@
ishü wmøjH tlg oeófuka l=Kq f.dvla we;sfõ' wm bj;,k iEu fohlau wmøjH^dump& neyer
lrk m%foaYhlg hd hq;= nj u;l ;nd .kak' fuu m%foaY l=vd yd l<ukdlrKh l< yels uÜgul ;nd
.ekSu w;HdjYH fõ' wmøjH fjka lsÍu iuia; wmøjH m%udKh wvq lsÍug WmldÍ fõ' m%;splS%lrKh
l< yels wmøjH m%;splS%ÍlrKh l< hq;=h' fldïfmdaiaÜ l< yels wmøjH fldïfmdaiaÜ l< hq;=h' mq¿,a
mrdihl mßirh ¥IKh fkdùug wka;rdhlr wmøjH ksjerÈj neyer l< hq;=h'
77
WmøjldÍ yd WmøjldÍ fkdjk wmøjH
ùÿre yer fndfyda wka;rdhlr wmøjH m%;splS%lrKh l< fkdyels h' ishü ydkslr fkdjk wmøjH
m%;splS%lrKh l< yelsh' wdydr wmøjH fldïfmdaiaÜ njg m;a l< yelsh'
WmøjldÍ wmøjH WmøjldÍ fkdjk wmøjH
;shqKq jia;= b;srsjQ wdydr
ridhksl øjH msßisÿ lsÍu áka
mdúÉÑ l< negß ma,diaála
ùÿre ldâfndaâ
msisk f;,a m;a;r
levqKq ghs,a" ,S len,s" mer‚ msßisÿ lsÍfï WmlrK" gema jeks Ndú;hg fkd.;a fldgia wdÈh .ek l=ula lsj
yelso@
wmøjH idudkH wdldrhlska m%;splS%lrKh lsÍug fyda neyer lsÍug fkdyels kï" iEu úgu m<uqj Tfí
l<ukdlref.ka fyda wëlaIlf.ka Wmfoia ,nd .kak' Tfí k.rfha $ k.rfha wmøjH neyer lsÍfï
fomd¾;fïka;=fõ iïu; fufyhqï l%ufõohka iy Wmfoia wkq.ukh lrkak' tjeks whs;uhka Wmøjhla jk
fyhska" tu NdKav neyer l< yels jk f;la tu NdKav fmdÿ ia:dkj,ska" wE;aj" uqød ;enQ ia:dkhl .nvd
lrkak'
;sridrNdjh iy wmøjH l<ukdlrKh
;sridrNdjhg fndfyda w¾:hka we;' iïm;a l<ukdlrKh lsÍu yd msßisÿ yd fi!LH iïmkak mßirhla
wdrlaId lsÍu yd mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd c,h" n,Yla;sh" ma,diaála yd yß; wjldYhka wêl f,i Ndú;d
lsÍfuka je<lS isáh hq;=h' wm tfia fkdlrkafka kï" c, ysÕhla" n,Yla;s ysÕhla ^úÿ,s lmamdÿjla" wêl
úÿ,s ì,am;a& iy l=Kq f.dvj,a jeãu ksid yß; wjldYhka fyda bvï wvqùu isÿúh yelsh' Tfí wdh;kh
i|yd wmøjH l<ukdlrKh ;sridr lsÍu i|yd woyia lsysmhla fukak'
j<lajkak
wkjYH weiqreï iys; bj; oeñh yels ksIamdok ñ,§ .ekSfuka j<lskak'
mßirh .ek i,ld ne,Sug u;la lrñka wuq;a;kaf.a ksok ldurj, i,l=Kq m< lrkak'
ldkaÿùï jydu iú lrkak'
78
wvq lrkak
jvd l,a mj;sk" È.= l,a mj;sk ksIamdok ñ,§ .kak'

m%;spl%SlrKh l< NdKav ñ,§ .kak'
*a,Ia lrk úg Ndú;d lrk c, m%udKh wvq lsÍug oaú;aj *a,Ia jeisls<s iú lrkak'
fmdÿ kdk ldurj, lvodis ;=jd fjkqjg w;a ;=jd Ndú;d lrkak'
oaú;aj tal md¾Yùh uqøKh lsÍfuka iy tla me;a;lska oekgu;a uqøKh lr we;s lvodis u; wNHka;r
f,aLk uqøKh lsÍfuka ld¾hd,j, lvodis Ndú;h wvq l< yelsh'
kej; Ndú;h
tla me;a;lska uqøKh l< lvodis kej; Ndú;d lrkak'

kej; msrùï l<yels nyd¨ï ñ,§ .kak'
kej; wdfrdamKh l< yels negß Ndú;d lrkak'
w¿ yd c,h kej; Ndú;d lrkak ^Wod( c, ud¾.fhka fyda msyskqï ;gdlfhka msg; ud¾. fia§u iy
me,Eá j,g c,h oeóu'&
m%;spl%SlrKh iy fldïfmdaiaÜ
m%;spl%SlrKh mßirhg hym;a neúka th bj;k wmøjH m%udKh ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq lrk w;r
idudkH wmøjH i|yd tl;= lsÍï wvq m%udKhla wjYH kï wmøjH msßjeh wvq l< yelsh'
ùÿre" ma,diaála" ldâfndaâ" lvodis" f,day" we¨ñkshï iy frÈms<s m%;spl%SlrKh lrkak'

fldïfmdaiaÜ wdydr wmøjH" ;Kfld< len,s iy f.j;= wmøjH'
ydkshg m;a fros m%;spl%SlrKh lrkak - ksoiqkla f,i" mer‚ ;=jd msßisÿ lsÍug fhdod.; yels frÈ
njg m;a l< yelsh
wëlaIKh( wmøjH wju lsÍfï Wmdh ud¾. iy;sl lsÍu i|yd wmøjH ksrka;rfhka wëlaIKh lsÍfuka
iEu uilu wmøjH neyer lsÍu wvq fõ'
WmøjldÍ wmøjH(negß" tkaðka Ths,a" bjqï msyqï f;,a" ødjl" ;Ska;" mer‚ m%;s§ma; k, iy fjk;a
wka;rdhlr wmøjH m%fõYfuka neyer l< hq;=h' úfYaIs; wka;rdhlr wmøjH tl;= lsÍu i|yd
foaYSh wdh;k ;sfíoehs fidhd n,kak' øjH mdol ;Ska; Ndú;h wvq lsÍug tla l%uhla kï iajdNdúl
;Ska; Ndú;d lsÍuhs' iajdNdúl ;Ska; j, jdish jkafka wys;lr jdhqj wvq lsÍu iy .Dyia: jd;fhys
.=Kd;aulNdjh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍuhs'
Soap Dispensers- inka nd¾ fjkqjg wd.ka;=l ldurj, kej; msrúh yels Èhr inka Dispensers
Ndú;d l< yelsh' iEu wd.ka;=lfhl=u Ndú;d l< miq inka nd¾ bj; oeóug wjYH fkdùu ksid
fuu.ska kdia;sh wju lrhs'
fjku n÷ka(we¨ñkshï lEka" ùÿre fnda;,a iy f,day áka m%;spl%SlrKh lsÍu i|yd uq¿;ekaf.fhys yd
nd¾tl ;=< fjku n÷ka ;nd .; yels w;r tuÕska fuu NdKav myiqfjka m%;spl%SlrKh l< yelsh'
ixhqla; f,day áka( áka ixhqla; lsÍu iy m%;spl%SlrK n÷ka jeä lsÍu wju lsÍu i|yd" iud.ug can
crusher ñ,§ .ekSu .ek i,ld ne,sh yelsh' idudkH can crusher ì;a;shl iú l< yels w;r th ñ,
wvqh'
79
n,Yla;s yd c, l<ukdlrKh i|yd ;j;a woyia
Water Management Good Practices Energy Management Good Practices

Percentage of Hotels Adopting the Practice
Dual Flush Toilets

79%
Light Timers Use of LED TV
3% 4%
Linen and Towel Reuse
56%
Low flow shower and taps

Biomass Boilers Effective AC
50%
6% 5%
Use of treated waste water for
watering gardens
50%
Key Switches Use of Solar Power
Rain Water harvesting 60% 69%
02%
Sensors in toilets
Use of Energy Efficient Lighting Methods
02%
88%
Solid Waste Management Good Practices
Composting Recycling Solid Waste 3R System

Segregation
22% 22% 13%
18%
80
Waste Water Management Good Practices
Sewerage Septic Tanks Biogas Production

Treatment Plants 36% 36%
42%
(source: Institute of Policy Studies Sri Lanka (IPS):

http://www.ips.lk/talkingeconomics/2015/02/09/good-environmental-management-practices-in-the-
hotel-industry-in-sri-lanka-determinants-and-barriers/
m<sfndaO md,kh
m<sfndaOl hkq ñksiqkag" Tjqkaf.a wdydrj,g fyda Tjqkaf.a Ôjk ;;ajhkag wys;lr f,i n,mdk ´kEu
if;l= fyda Ydlhls' m<sfndaOlhkag we;=<;a jk i;=ka jkafka(
frda. we;s lrk laIqoar Ôùka yd mrfmdaIs;hka- WodyrKhla f,i Ross River ffjrih iy Murray Valley
encephalitis /f.k hk uÿrejka'
.nvd l< wdydr j,g ydks lsÍu- ksoiqkla jYfhka" óhka fj<|ie,aj, iy ksfjiaj, .nvdl, OdkH wkqNj
l< yel" ìialÜ"iy,a fyda OdkH wkqNj l< yels w;r fuu wdydr Tjqkaf.a u< uQ;%d u.ska wdidokh úh
yelsh'
we÷ï j,g ydks lsrSu- ldjd WodyrKhla f,i" we÷ï j, isÿre we;s lsrSu'
f.dvke.s,s j,g ydks lsÍu- ksoiqkla jYfhka" fõhka ksid f.dvke.s,sj, oej j,g ie,lsh hq;= ydkshla
isÿúh yel'
ñksiqkaj oIag lsrSu- ksoiqkla jYfhka" we| ul=Kka ^Tjqka fndfyda úg we|ka u; oS ñksiqkaj imdlhs&
md,kh lsÍu b;d ÿIalr jk w;r yd ñ, wêlfõ' Tjqkaf.a úI oIag l< whg uy;a ysßyerhla úh yels
w;r uÿrejka oIag lsÍu fuka leiSfuka wdidokhg ,la úh yelsh'
óhka" lerfmd;a;ka" uÿrejka iy fjk;a lDóka Tfí uq¿;ekaf.fhys fyda idudkH wdh;k ;=< yuqjk
idudkH m<sfndaOlhka fõ' Tng fuu m<sfndaOlhka oelSu mqreÿ ù we;s kuq;a Tfí wdh;kh ;=, m<sfndaO
.eg¨jla we;ehs Tfí wuq;a;ka is;kafka kï Tjqka Tfí wdh;kh .ek krl f,i is;kq we;'
Tfí wdh;khg m<sfndaO .eg¨jla we;aoehs oek .ekSu myiq fohls " ukao Tng m,sfndaolhkaf.a Yíoh
weiSug" Tjqkaf.a u< oelSug fyda imdlk ,o fyda wdydr wkqNj lr we;s nj oel .; yelsh'
81
m<sfndaO u< y÷kd .ekSu
(uQ,dY%h(flda¾fk,a úYaj úoHd,h( https://cpb-us-east-1-juc1ugur1qwqqqo4.stackpathdns.com/blogs.

cornell.edu/dist/5/2739/files/2014/05/Droppings-130t5bm.jpg)
Rat Mouse
Cockroach
fj<o uq¿;ekaf.hs m<sfndaOlhka iuÕ lghq;= lrkafka flfiao@
uÿrejka iy wfkl=;a lDóka we;=¿ùu je<elaùu i|yd cfka, jgd oe,a Ndú;d lrkak'
wdydr N+ñfhka bj;g .nvd lrkak'
óhka iy lDókag we;=¿ úh fkdyels nyd¨ïj, .nvd lr ;nkak'
.nvd m%foaY jid ;nkak'
lerfmd;a;ka W.=,a wgjkak tajd ksrka;rfhka mÍlaId lr fjkia lrkak'
wmøjH n÷kaj, ;nd n÷kaj, mshk jid we;s njg j. n,d .kak'
óhka fydag,hg we;=¿ úh yels ia:dk bj;a lsÍu fyda wjysr lsÍu'
Tng nrm;, .eg¿jla we;akï jD;a;Sh m<sfndaO md,k úfYaI{hl= iïnkaO lr .kak'
´kEu wdidokhla jydu jd¾;d lrkak túg blauka mshjr .; yelsh'
82
04 jk fldgi

uq¿;ekaf.hs wdh;ksl jHqyhka
04 jk fldgi | uq ¿ ;eka f .hs wdh;ks l jHq y hka
uq¿;ekaf.hs wdh;ksl jHqyhka
fuu fldgfia§ Tn uq¿;ekaf.hs ld¾h uKav,h ixúOdkh lr we;s wdldrh" tla tla ld¾h uKav,
idudðlhdg we;s j.lSu iy jev lrk ld,h ;=< fj<o uq¿;ekaf.hla .,d hk wdldrh ms<sn|j Tn bf.k
.kq we;'
fyd| lKavdhï idudðlfhl= jkafka flfiao" fyd| lKavdhï idudðlfhl= ùu jeo.;a jkafka wehs"
fiajlfhl= f,i Tfí whs;sjdislï iy jD;a;Sh fiajlfhl=f.ka wfmalaId lrkafka l=ulao hkak ms<sn|jo Tn
bf.k .kq we;'
uq¿;ekaf.hs n<ldh – (THE KITCHEN BRIGADE)
uq¿;ekaf.hs n<ldh hkq jD;a;Sh uq¿;ekaf.hs jev lrk lKavdhug wm

,nd fok kuhs' fuu m%ldYkh meñfKkafka “Brigade de Cuisine”. hk m%xY
jpkfhks' “Brigade de Cuisine” iy kQ;k m%xY wdydrmdk iy iQmYdia;%
l,dfõ mshd jkafka iQmfõ§ fcda¾Ê T.iafÜ tiafld*sh¾ kï iQmfõÈfhls'
wo f,dj mqrd jD;a;Sh uq¿;ekaf.hs WmlrKj, wm Ndú;d lrkafka wdydr

msiSfï yd wdydr iemhSfï m%ñ;s.; Ndú;djkag fya;= ù we;af;a fuyqf.a
uq¿;ekaf.hs Ndú;hka h'
jD;a;Sh uq¿;ekaf.hla ld¾hlaIuj yd iqugj l%shd;aul úh yelafla

uq¿;ekaf.hs isák iEu flfkl=u Tyqf.a fyda wehf.a N+ñldj uq¿ukskau
jgydf.k Tjqkaf.a ld¾hhka ksjerÈj iïmQ¾K l<fyd;a muKla nj Tyq
úYajdi lf<ah'
uq¿;ekaf.hs OQrdj,sh
jD;a;Sh uq¿;ekaf.j,a yuqjkafka wjkay,a fyda fydag,aj,h' fydag,a iy wjkay,a úúO m%udKj,ska mj;S'
uq¿;ekaf.hs ld¾h uKav, idudðlhska ixúOdkh jk wdldrh r|d mj;skafka wdh;kfha m%udKh u; h'
úYd, uq¿;ekaf.hlg jeä ld¾h uKav,hla wjYH jk w;r ld¾h uKav,fha ld¾hhka jvd;a úfYaISlrKh
l< hq;=h'
84
Tn fydag,hl jev lrkafka kï Tn wdydr yd mdk ld¾h uKav,fha ^F&B staff) ld¾h uKav,fha fldgila
jkq we;'
OQrdj,sh ioyd ksoiqkla(
wdydr yd mdk ld¾h

uKav,fha wOHlaI
wdydr yd mdk ld¾h

uKav,fha iyldr wOHlaI
wdmkYd,d fNdack ix.%y ldur fiajd nd¾

l<ukdlre l<ukdlre l<ukdlre l<ukdlre
fNdack ix.%y ldur fiajd m%Odk nd¾

m%Odk fõg¾ m%Odk fõg¾ lemagka l<ukdlre
ia:dk Ndrlre fnodyrSfï fõg¾ ldur fiajd Ndrlre nd¾ fgkav¾

(Station Head)
lksIaG ia:dk jhska fõg¾ iyldr Ndrlre nd¾ fõg¾

Ndrlre
fõg¾jre wdydr fõg¾
85
ys N+ñldjka ì|jeàu(
ld¾hNdrh j.lSï
msßjeh md,kh
ñ,§ .ekSu
wdydr yd mdk ld¾h
ld¾h uKav, n|jd .ekSu yd mqyqKqj
uKav,fha wOHlaI
mdßfNda.sl iïnkaO;d
wf,úlrKh iy l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| ukd oekqula we;
ld¾hnyq, fõ,djkays§ l<ukdlreg iydh ùu

wdydr yd mdk ld¾h
tu wf,úie,a l<ukdlre ksjdvq ,nd we;akï ´kEu fj<|ie,l
uKav,fha iyldr
l%shdldß;ajh i|yd j.lsj hq;=h
wOHlaI
l<uKdlrejkaf.a rdcldß ld,igyk iy ld¾h idOkh l<ukdlrKh lsrSu
ld¾h uKav,fha jev i|yd j.lsj hq;=h

ld¾h uKav, in|;d l<ukdlrKh lsrSu
rdcldß ,ehsia;=j" ksjdvq ,nd §u" ld¾h uKav, Wiiaùï" mqyqKqj iy úkh
wdmkYd,d l<ukdlre
l<ukdlrKh lsrSu
úl=Kqï iy úhoï whjeh l<ukdlrKh lsrSu
wjkay,a w;r ikaksfõokh mj;ajd .ekSu ^úYd, fydag,hl&
fNdack ix.%yh iqugj mj;ajdf.k hdfï j.lSu

fNdack ix.%y
wf,úie,a ixúOdkh lsÍfï j.lSu
l<ukdlre
fjkalrjd .ekSfï j.lSu
ldur fiajd l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd j.lsj hq;=h

ldur fiajd l<ukdlre ì,am;a iy rdcldrs ,ehsia;= wëlaIKh lsrSu
WmlrK i|yd j.lsj hq;= w;r bkafjkagß ;nd .ekSu
nd¾tl msgqmi isák mqoa.,hd fõ îu j¾. ms<s.ekaùu isoq lrhs

nd¾ fgkav¾ u;ameka ñY% lr ms<s.ekaùu isoq lrhs
nd¾ m%foaYh i|yd j.lSu mj;S
mdßfNda.slhdg fiajh lrk mqoa.,hd fõ' weKjqï ,nd .kS

wdydr ms<s.ekaùu i|yd fukq ilia lrhs
fõg¾
uq¿;ekaf.fhys weKjqï ksfõokh lrhs
uq¿;ekaf.hs ld¾h uKav,h iuÕ ikaksfõokh lrhs ÂBOYEUR&
úúO m%udKfha uq¿;ekaf.hs ;rula fjkia OQrdj,shla we;'

Tfí ld¾hh jkafka Tn fiajh lrk wdh;kfha Tfí ld¾hNdrh iy OQrdj,sh f;areï .ekSuhs'
86
kùk uq¿;ekaf.hs ixúOdkfha WodyrKhla fukak(
Executive Chef
Sous Chef Pastry Chef
Chef de Partie Chef de Partie
Demi-Chef de Partie
Commis Chef 1, 2, 3
Trainee Cook (Apprentice)
l=vd uq¿;ekaf.hs n,ldhla i|yd WodyrKhla fukak(
Chef de cuisine
Chef de partie Chef hot range
Butcher Commis 1 Rotisserie
Entremetier Commis 2 Garde manger cook
Reliever cook Commis 3
87
úYd, uq¿;ekaf.hs n,ldhla i|yd WodyrKhla fukak (
Chef de Cuisine
Sous Chef
Chef de Saucier Chef de Chef de

Entremetier Gardemanger
Commis 1 Commis 1 Commis 1
Trainee Trainee Trainee
Chef de Rotisserie Chef de Patisserie
Commis 1 Commis 1
Commis 2 Commis 2
Commis 3 Commis 3
Trainee Trainee
88
Breakdown of the roles in Kitchen Brigade:
Role Responsibilities
Chef de Cuisine jÜfgdare" fukq ixj¾Okh lr fukq ñ, ks¾foaY lsrSu

fldgia md,kh wëlaIKh lsrSu
fyda
wdydr mÍlaId lsÍu" kshe§u wëlaIKh lsÍu
úOdhl iQmfõ§ wdydr ksIamdokh wëlaIKh lsÍu
wdydr msßjeh m%ñ;sh iy msßjeh md,kh lsÍu
ikSmdrlaIdj" wdrlaIdj iy ikSmdrlaIdj m%j¾Okh lsÍu
kj ksIamdok y÷kajd oSu
mdßfNda.sl wjYH;d iy fhdackd yiqre ùu
nvq f;d. .ekSu iy ñ,§ .ekSï iemhqï yd WmlrK ñ,§ .ekSï yd iïnkaO fõ
fomd¾;fïka;= iy wxY w;r iïnkaëlrKh mj;ajd .ekSu
mÍlaId lsrSu
/lshd N+ñldjka $ wfmalaIdjka" jegqma ;SrKh lsÍu
f;d. m%udKh mÍlaId lsÍu
Executive Sous Chef de Cuisineg$ úOdhl iQmfõ§kag iydh ùu

Chef úOdhl iQmfõ§ fkdue;s kï uq¿;ekaf.h Ndr ùu
Chef de Cuisine$ úOdhl iQmfõ§ iy uq¿;ekaf.hs ld¾h uKav,h w;r ikaksfõokh
uq¿;ekaf.hs jev iqugj isÿ lsÍu iy;sl lsÍu
fldgia md,kh iy wdydr ieliSfï m%ñ;Ska wëlaIKh lsÍu
wdydr mÍlaId lsÍu" kshe§u wëlaIKh lsÍu
fukq ie,iqï lsÍu" kj wdydr ixl,am i|yd iydh ùu
Sous Chef úYd, uq¿;ekaf.hl Tfíu fomd¾;fïka;=jg $ wxYhg j.lsj hq;=h

msÕka ms<sfh, lsÍfï isg bÈßm;a lsÍu olajd ksis jev m%jdyhla iy;sl lsÍu
fomd¾;fïka;=j $ wxYh kdia;sh fyda leãu md,kh lsÍu
iQmfõ§ wdydr msiSug fyda úOdhl Sous iQmfõ§g jd¾;d lrkak
Chef de Partie uq¿;ekaf.fhys fldgila md,kh lsrSu

Tfí fldgi hgf;a uq¿;ekaf.hs ld¾h uKav,fha laI‚l fiajh iy;sl lsÍu
ikSmdrlaIdj iy ikSmdrlaIl m%ñ;Ska wëlaIKh lsÍu
kdia;sh yd leã hdu wëlaIKh lsrSu
jd¾;d mÍlaId lr ;nd .ekSu
fukq fjkia lsÍï fyda kj lEu j¾. ms<sn| ld¾h uKav,h
Commis wdydr ieliSfï l%shdj,shg iydh ùu

Wiia ;;a;ajfha lEu j¾. msiSu iy ilia lsÍu
t<j¿" uia iy ud¿ ilia lsÍu
fjk;a iQmfõ§kag iydh ùu
Ndr §ï iy kej; weKjqï j,g Woõ lsÍu
f;d. yeisrùu i|yd iydh ùu
msßisÿ lsÍfï ia:dk
uq¿;ekaf.hs yd wdydr iqrlaIs;;d m%ñ;Ska mj;ajd .ekSug odhl ùu'
89
wdOqksl Commis g iydh jkak

^mqyqKqlre& /lshd mqyqKqj ;=<ska fj<|du bf.k .kak
Escuelerie m%Odk msÕka fidaok hka;%h
uq¿;ekaf.hs Ndck" n÷ka" ;yvq iy lÜ,Ü tl;= lsÍu iy fia§u' Ndck" n÷ka ;eá iy ye¢
porter .Eremamq blaukska Ndú;hg .ekSu' uq¿;ekaf.hs WmlrK" jev mDIaG ìï iy ì;a;s
fia§u iy úIîc kdYl fhoSu' uq¿;ekaf.hs WmlrK ksis f,i .nvd lr we;s njg
j. n,d .ekSu'
Aboyeur fõg¾jre iy fõg¾jßhka - wdydr msßkeóu iy ye¢ .Eremamq iy msÕka wdmiq

heùfï j.lSu'
úYd, jD;a;Sh $ fj<o uq¿;ekaf.hl" úfYaIs; iQmfõ§ka fndfyda fofkla isá;s' Tn oek.; hq;= lreKq
lsysmhla fukak:
ld¾hNdrh j.lSï
Chef Garde-Manger cold hors d’oeuvres ilia lsÍu i|yd j.lsj hq;=h
úYd, nqf* ixúOdkh
i,do iy charcuterie whs;u ilia lsrSu
Chef Legume t<j¿ lEu i|yd j.lsj hq;=h
Chef Patisserie w;=remila ms<sfh< lsrSu
Chef Boulangerie fílß whs;u ilia lsrSu
Chef Poissonier ud¿ yd uqyqÿ wdydr ms<sfh< lsrSu
Chef Entremetier entrée iQodkï lsrSu ^ uia fkdjk" iqma" t<j¿ lEu" ì;a;r lEu" &
Chef Potage Chef entremetier g ms<s;=re oSu

iqma iQodkï lsrSu
Chef Rotisserie frdáißh Ndrj isàu ^ frdaiaá lsrSu iy ;eïîu&
Chef Friturier neomq wdydr ms<sfh< lsrSu
Chef Sommelier jhska ms<sn| úfYaI{;dj

lEu fõ,la iuÕ .e,fmk jhska fhdackd lsrSu
jhska f;dard .ekSu iy ñ,§ .ekSu iïnkaOfhka j.lSu orhs
Chef Saucier fidaia" stocks, glazes i|yd j.lsj hq;=h
90
jD;a;Sh $ jd‚c uq¿;ekaf.fhys jeo.;a ld¾hNdrhla bgq lrk mqoa.,hska iy fomd¾;fïka;= we;(
wdydr mdk
udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrKh
iemhqïlrejka
wdydr
bÈßmi ld¾hd,h
mÍlaIljre
.Dy md,kh uq¿;ekaf.h wuq;a;ka
wf,ú udOH
ñ,§ .ekSu
bxÔfkare
wdrlaIdj
jD;a;Sh $ fj<o l=iaishl iqug l%shdldß;ajh iy;sl lsÍu i|yd fiajlhskag Tjqkaf.a N+ñldjka fukau wka
whf.a ld¾hNdrh oek .ekSu jeo.;a nj tiafld*sh¾ úYajdi lf<ah' wka wh lrk foa f;areï fkdf.k
Tfí /lshdjg wfkla mqoa.,hska fyda fomd¾;fïka;= fl;rï jeo.;a oehs Tng .re l< fkdyelsh' Tfí
ld¾hNdrh l=ulao hkak f;areï fkdf.k Tng m%udKj;a f,i l%shd l< fkdyels w;r tu ksid lKavdhu
my;a lrkak'
91
jev wjldY
uq¿;ekaf.hs n<ldfha idudðlfhl= f,i Tn jev lrk wjldYh oek .ekSu iy f;areï .ekSu jeo.;ah'
m<uqj wdydrmdk ^F&B& wjldYhka i,ld n,kak' m%Odk wdydrmdk ^F&B& fiajd wxY myla we;(
ksYap, ldurh ^wdydr .nvd m%foaYh&

wdydr fiajh i|yd wdydr iy mdk j¾. wvx.= fõ
Èkm;d msßisÿ l< hq;=h yd mÍlaId l< hq;=h
Silver ldurh fyda ms.ka ldurh

ms.ka $ ye¢ .Eremamq msysh wdÈh iïmQ¾K f;d.hla wvx.= fõ
yÈis wjia:d j,§ w;sßla; f;d. wvx.= fõ
fyd¢ka ixúOdkh lr ;sìh hq;=h
w.=¿ oeñh hq;=h
fia§u
ms.ka $ ye¢ .Eremamq msysh wdÈh fidaok ;ek
ye¢ .Eremamq msysh wdÈh l+vhl ;eìh hq;=h
msÕka fldamam wdÈh ksjerÈj f.dv.eish hq;=h
ùÿre NdKav i|yd fjku fia§fï ia:dkhla .; hq;=h
Hot Plate
uq¿;ekaf.hs ld¾h uKav,h iy fiajd ld¾h uKav,h w;r /iaùï ia:dkh ^fuu wjldYh Ndrj isák
fõg¾jrhd ABOYEUR h&
fuu wjia:dfõ§ fyd| bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd ishü lEu j¾. mÍlaId l< hq;=h
mdßfNda.slhdg blauka fiajdjla ,nd §u i|yd ld¾hlaIuj l%shd;aul úh hq;=h
Tfí wdh;kfha jev wjldYhka oek .kak' tyd fuyd weúÈkak" tu wjldYhka ;=< ñksiqka .uka lrkafka
flfiaoehs n,kak'
ta yd iudkj" Tfí uq¿;ekaf.hs jev wjldYhka oek .kak' tyd fuyd weúÈkak" tu wjldYhka ;=< ñksiqka
.uka lrk wdldrh n,kak' Tn tu wjldYhka ;=< .uka lrkafka flfiaoehs is;d n,kak'
uq¿;ekaf.hs wjldY
Chef Office Menu Planning, Documentation
Soup
Hot Range
Main Course = meat, fish, vegetable
Dessert
Pastry and Bakery Bakery Products
92
Salads / Starters
Pastry/Cold Kitchen
Hors D’oeuvres
Cut of Meat
Butchery Saefood / Cut of Fish
Cold Room / Freezer Store cold and freezer items
Sub Stores Dry food, Stationary
by; tla tla wdydr yeisrùfï ldKavh hgf;a úúO j¾.fha iQmfõoS j¾.SlrKhka mj;S(
Hot Range Cold Kitchen Butchery Pastry Other Range

of Cooks
Sauce Cook Larder Cook Butcher Pastry Cook Staff Cook
Cold Work
Roast Cook Baker Relief Cook
Cook
Hors
Fish Cook D’oeuvres Night Cook
Cook
Vegetable
Duty Cook
Cook
Breakfast
Grill Cook
Cook
93
fyd| uq¿;ekaf.hs jev m%jdyh
iEu uq¿;ekaf.hlgu ;ukaf.au jev m%jdyhla we;' jev m%jdyfha f;areu l=ulao@
tys w¾:h jkafka jev lrk ld,h ;=< uq¿;ekaf.fhys p,kh .,d hduhs'
p,kh iqugj .,dhdu my; i|yka oE iy;sl lrhs(
✓ fiajlhska Wmßu fõ.fhka yd ld¾hlaIuj jev lrhs'

✓ wk;=re iy Wmøj j<lajd .; yelsh'
✓ wdydr iemhSu wdrlaIs;j l<ukdlrKh flf¾'
✓ wdydr .nvd lsÍu myiq iy M,odhS fõ'
✓ wdydr ms<sfh, lsÍu myiqfjka l<ukdlrKh l< yelsh'
✓ wdydr ksIamdokh myiqfjka l<ukdlrKh l< yelsh'
✓ wdydr fiajh blauka yd wd;;sfhka f;drhs'
✓ fia§u blauka yd M,odhS fõ'
✓ wdydr kdia;sh wvq fõ'
✓ wmøjH ksis f,i yeisrùu yd neyer lsÍu isÿ flf¾'
fyd| jev m%jdyhla ks¾udKh jkafka flfiao@

th my; i|yka idOl u; r|d mj;S(
uq¿;ekaf.hs wjldYfha msßie,iqu l=ulao@

uf.a ia:dkh fldfyo@
uf.a /lshdj l=ulao@
WmlrK iy WmlrK ;nd we;af;a fldfyao@
wdydr .nvd lsÍu msysgd we;af;a fldfyao@
wdydr fnod yeÍfï $ ms<s.ekSfï m%foaYh fldyso@
hot plate area fldfyo@
b÷,a msÕka wdÈh fidaok ;ek msysgd we;af;a fldfyao@
wdydr neyer lrkafka fld;ekskao@
tljr lS fofkla jev lrkjdo@
Wmøj iy wka;rdhlr øjH fldyso@
.sks ksjk WmlrK fldfyo@
ljq¿ fldfyo@
c,h" .Eia iy úÿ,sh m%Njh msysgd we;af;a fldfyao@
Tn fj<o uq¿;ekaf.hl jev lsÍug mgka .;a úg by; m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re iemhsh yels jk mßÈ Tn
uq¿;ekaf.hs m%jdyh .ek yqremqreÿ úh hq;=h' Tng fuu m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re Èh yels kï" túg Tng jvd;a
myiqfjka jev m%jdyfha fldgila njg m;aúh yelsh'
94
fi!LHh yd wdrlaIdj iïnkaOfhka my; i|yka m%Yak Tfnkau wikak(
uq¿;ekaf.hs wjldYh msßisÿo@

tys msßisÿ lsÍfï yd ikSmdrlaIl ld,igykla ;sfío@
msßisÿ lsÍu yd ikSmdrlaIdj i|yd uf.a fldgi lrkafka flfiao@
fodrj,a iy msgùï wjysr lrk jia;+ka ;sfío@
ìu úh<S ;sfío@
nr WmlrK" WKqiqï WmlrK" f;;a WmlrK iy ;shqKq WmlrK Ndú;d lsÍfï§ ud úiska .; hq;= ish¨
wdrlaIl mshjrhka ug f;afrkjdo@
jD;a;Sh uq¿;ekaf.hs msßie,iqulg WodyrKhla fukak
95
idudkH jev m%jdy igykla:
Delivering raw
products:
Delivery
Acceptance
Checking
Cooking raw
Storing raw
products:
products:
In the cooking
Chillers,
area Plate and
Freezers,
Garnish
Dry Storage
Preparing raw
products:
Remove from
storage, Prepare,
Store if necessary
igyk( fiajdodhlhskaf.a m%jdy rgd iy uq¿;ekaf.hs ld¾h uKav,h wdydr ,nd .ekSfï§ yuqfjhs wmsßisÿ
msÕka w;yer oeuQ m%foaY kuq;a lsis úfgl;a yria fkdlrkak'
96
msßisÿ yd ixúOdkd;aul jevìul m%;s,dN(
jevìu ikSmdrlaIdj iy wdrlaIs;j ;nd .ekSu'

Tfí wdh;kh ms<sn| fyd| m%;srEmhla ,nd §ug'
Tfí ld¾hh ld¾hlaIuj yd kshñ; fõ,djg lsÍug Tng Wmldr lsÍu'
Tfí ld¾hh ld¾hlaIuj yd kshñ; fõ,djg iïmQ¾K lsÍug Tng Woõ lsÍu
jD;a;ShNdjh mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd
ikSmdrlaIdj ms<sn| fyd| marñ;Ska ;nd .ekSu
ia:dms; lsÍu i|yd Okd;aul mar;srEmhla ieliSu
Tfí jev lghq;= ie,iqï lsÍfï iy ixúOdkh lsÍfï jdis(
/lshdj wdrlaIs;j iïmQ¾K lsÍu

ld¾hh blaukska yd ld¾hlaIuj isÿ lsÍu
jerÈ isÿùu je<elaùu i|yd
jD;a;Sh ùug
kshñ; fõ,djg yd wkqms<sfj,g jev ksu lsÍu
ixúOdkd;aul jev hkq mdßfNda.sl ;Dma;sh woyia lrk iqug fiajdjla
/lshdfõ§ Tfí ld,h ld¾hlaIuj Ndú;d lsÍfï WodyrKhla'
Tfí ld¾hhg m%uqL;djh § jev ie,eiaula ;nd .kak

Tfí wdh;kfha iïu; fufyhqï l%shd mámdá wkq.ukh lrkak
Èkm;d wdydr fõ, i|yd uq¿;ekaf.hs ld,igyka foi n,kak
ksYaÑ; ld¾hhka i|yd ld,h fjka lrkak
Tnf.a ld¾h Ndrh y÷kd .kak
jev ie,eiaula hkq l=ulao@
jev ie,eiaula hkq w;HdjYHfhkau wdydr msÕdkla ilia lsÍu i|yd Tn úiska wjika l< hq;= ld¾hhka
i|yd ls%hdldÍ ie,eiauls' jev ie,eiaula uÕska Tn idok foa" Tn fldmuK m%udKhla idokafkao" iE§fï
l%uh iy m<uq" fojk" f;jk iy tfia l< hq;= foa Tng lshkq we;'
úfYaIs; jÜfgdare i|yd Tfíu jev ie,eiaula ks¾udKh lsÍug Tng wjYH úh yelsh" ke;fyd;a Tfí Chef
de Partie úiska Tng jev ie,eiaula ,nd Èh yelsh" ke;fyd;a commis chefs iy wdOqkslhska lKavdhula
iuÕ jev ie,eiaula ks¾udKh l< yelsh'
jev ie,eiaula jeo.;a jkafka th ld¾hlaIu" ia:djr yd úYajdiodhl ùug Tng WmldÍ jk neúks'
^8 jk j.ka;sfha jev ie,iqï ms<sn|j Tn jeäÿr bf.k .kq we;&
97
fyd| fiajlfhl= jkafka flfiao@
fyd| fiajlfhl= ùug l%u 3 la we;(
1' Tfí j.lSï $ hq;=lï oekf.k tajd ksis mßÈ bgq lrkak'
2' Tfí wdh;kfha p¾hdO¾u moaO;sh oek .kak'
3' lKavdhï l%Svlfhl= jkak'
1' uq¿;ekaf.hs ld¾h uKav, j.lSï
wdydr iqrlaIs;;d fr.=,dis j,g wkql+,j ishü lEu j¾." fiajd ia:dk" bjqï msyqï WmlrK iy wdydr
.nvd lrk ia:dk msßisÿ lsÍu'
iQmfõÈhdf.a Ndú;h i|yd wuqøjH fia§u" lemSu" brd oeóu iy .dk ,o øjH'
wjYH mßÈ ìï w;=.d oeóu iy wUÍu'
fnod yeÍï i|yd iydh ùu'
kshñ; wdydr iqrlaIs;;d fr.=,dis j,g wkql+,j wuqøjH .nvd lsÍu'
bkafjkagß wëlaIKhg iydh ùu'
ydkshg m;a fyda fodaI iys; WmlrK uq¿;ekaf.hs l<ukdlreg fyda laI‚l wëlaIl fj; jd¾;d lsÍu'
b,a,Su mßÈ b;sß wdydr weiqreï lsÍu'
l=Kq n÷ka msßisÿ lsÍu iy wmøjH ks;sm;d neyer lsÍu'
iïu; fufyhqï l%ufõohka f;areï f.k wkq.ukh lrkak'
2' p¾hdO¾u moaO;sh
fndfyda fydag,aj, p¾hdO¾u moaO;shla we;s w;r tajd wOHlaIljreka" ûdkj iïm;a& l<ukdlrejka iy
idudkH ld¾h uKav,h úiska wkq.ukh l< hq;=h' p¾hdO¾u moaO;sh hkq fydag,fha fiajfha kshq;= ish¨ fokd
j.lsjhq;= yd jD;a;Shuh wdldrhlska yeisfrk nj iy;sl lrk kS;s ud,djls' p¾hdO¾u moaO;shlg my;
i|yka lafIa;% ms<sn| kS;s we;=<;a úh yelsh(
fmd,S w¾nqo
w,a,ia yd uQ,H wmrdO
fj<| iSudjka iy iïndOl
;E.s iy bÕs
mqoa.,sl o;a; yeisrùu
ndysr ikaksfõokhka
/lshd ia:dkfha f.!rjh
úúO;ajh iy we;=<;a lsÍu
wdrlaIdj iy wdrlaIdj
mßirh
foaYmd,k lghq;=
meyeÈ,s p¾hdO¾u moaO;shla iuÕ fiajlhskag Tjqkaf.a ixia:dms;h ms<sn| Okd;aul m%;srEmhla bÈßm;a
lsÍug jvd fyd|h' Tng wkq.ukh lsÍu i|yd p¾hdO¾u moaO;shla iemhSug Tfí l<ukdlreg fyda wdh;k
ysñlreg yels fõ'
98
3' lKavdhï jev iy lKavdhï f.dvke.Su
M,odhS lKavdhï ls%hdldrlï fkdue;sj ´kEu wdh;khla wid¾:l jkq we;' my; i|yka fya;+ka u;
lKavdhï jev lsÍu jeo.;a h(
ld¾hh blaukska yd kshñ; fõ,djg iïmQ¾K lrhs

úúO fiajd m%foaYj, iqugj mj;ajd .ekSug WmldÍ fõ
Okd;aul yd ñ;%YS,S jev mßirhla ks¾udKh lrhs
iu jhfia ñ;=rka yd iajhx ;lafiare lsÍu by< ld¾hhla mj;ajd .ekSug WmldÍ fõ
lKavdhï ls%hdldß;ajh" lKavdhï jHqyh iy ikaksfõokh M,odhS lKavdhula ks¾udKh lsÍfï m%Odk wx.
fõ' tlu b,lalhla imqrd .ekSu i|yd tlg jev lrk mqoa.,hskaf.ka lKavdhula iE§ we;' lKavdhfï
b,lalh imqrd .ekSu i|yd Tjqka l< hq;= foa ms<sn|j iEu mqoa.,fhl=gu meyeÈ,s woyila ;sìh hq;=h' fyd|
lKavdhï idudðlfhl= ùug we;=<;a jkafka(
A. lKavdhfï iEu idudðlfhl=u jeo.;a yd jákd nj oek .ekSu

B. wka wh iuÕ fyd¢ka ikaksfõokh lrkafka flfiaoehs oek .ekSu"
C. fyd| yeisÍu hkq l=ulaoehs oek .ekSu"
D. Tfí l=i,;d jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu'
A) iEu lKavdhfïu idudðlhskaf.a jákdlu lKavdhug oek .kak - WodyrKhla f,i(
ld¾hNdrh mqoa., j.lSu lKavdhï wdOdrl w.h
iEu úgu msßisÿ ye¢ .Eremamq msysh

msÕka iy ye¢ .Eremamq msysh wdÈh wdÈh iy msÕka ,nd .; yels njg
Plongeur
fiaoSu j. n,d .ekSfuka lKavdhug iydh
fõ'
weKjqï ksl=;a lsÍfuka iy

wd.ka;=lhdf.ka weKjqula f.k
Aboyeur mdßfNda.slhdg fiajh lsÍfuka
wdydr ms<s.kajhs
lKavdhug iydh fõ'
ffoksl fufyhqfï§ (mis-en-place)

Commis I iy 2 fyda the demi chef
the Demi Chef de Partie fyda
de partie yg Tjqkaf.a ld¾hhka
Commis 3 Commis I iy 2 i|yd iydh ùu iqugj l< yels njg j. n,d
i|yd ffoksl jerÈ ia:dk.; lsÍï
.ekSfuka lKavdhug iydh fõ'
iy hq;=lï i|yd j.lsj hq;=h'
99
fyd| lKavdhï idudðlfhl= f,i Tng yels úh hq;af;a(
Tfí ld¾hh iïmQ¾K lsÍug fldmuK ld,hla .;fõoehs oek .kak'

Tfí ld¾hhkag m%uqL;ajh fokak'
wka whf.ka th b,a,d isák úg" fyda Tn Tfíu jev ksu l< úg fyda l<ukdlrKfhka Tfnka úuiQ úg
iy $ fyda Tng l=i,;d $ yelshdjka we;s úg wka whg Wmldr iy iydh ,nd fokak'
Tng wjYH úgl Woõ b,a,kak' ksoiqkla jYfhka" nr NdKav tiùu" wd.ka;=l meñ‚,a,la iïnkaOfhka
lghq;= lsÍu fyda Tng jeisls<s úfõlhla wjYH jQ úg mjd'úúO wjia:d j,§ Tng Wmldr b,a,d isáh
yelafla ldgoehs oek .kak'
lKavdhï b,lal imqrd .ekSug lghq;= lrkak'
msisk whg muKla fkdj lKavdhfï ishü idudðlhskag iyfhda.h iy w.h lrkak'
Tng t,odhS lKavdhï idudðlfhl= jkafka flfiao@ fukak woyia lsysmhla(
wjxl yd Rcq jkak' fi,a,ï lrkak fyda wka whg fndre lshkak tmd' Y=NdrxÑhla fyda krl wdrxÑhla
fõjd —l=ulao˜ lshd mejiSug ìh fkdjkak' Tfí wjxllu lKavdhug WmldÍ jkq we;'
ld¾hfha Tfí fldgi lrkak' fyd| lKavdhula ;=< iEu flfkl=u Tjqkaf.a idOdrK jev fldgi lrk
njg yeÕSula ;sfí' fuh iEu flfkl=u wNsfma%rKfhka ;nd .ekSug WmldÍ fõ'
úYajdiodhl jkak' ld¾hnyq, ù kshñ; ld, iSudjka imqrd,kak'
idOdrK fjkak' Tn fyd| jev lrk úg Tng lS¾;sh ,nd .; yelsh' kuq;a wfkla whf.a jev i|yd
f.!rjh .kak tmd'
wka whg m%Yxid lrkak' wfkla wh fyd| jev lrkafka kï Tjqkag lshkak' iuyr m%foaYj, Tjqka ÿ¾j,
kï Tjqkag Woõ lrkak'
Tfí lKavdhï idudðlhka iuÕ l;d lrkak' fyd| lKavdhï jev i|yd ikaksfõokh wjYHhs'
Okd;aul jkak' —l< yels˜ wdl,amhla we;s wfhla fyd| lKavdhï idudðlfhls' RKd;aul flfkl=
lKavdhug Woõ fkdlrkq we;'
lKavdhï b,lal imqrd .kafka flfiao hkak ms<sn| woyia $ woyia ,nd fokak'
Tfí iSudjka oek .kak'
Tnf.a lKavdhu i|yd Tng jev fyda iydh ,nd Èh fkdyel(
Tng ld,h fkdue;s w;r Tfíu jev nr wiïmQ¾Khs

Tng wjYH l=i,;d fkdue;
Tng Woõ lsÍug W;aidy lsÍu wkdrlaIs; jkq we;
100
B) Tfí lKavdhu iuÕ meyeÈ,sj ikaksfõokh lrkafka flfiao@
m<uqj Tn Tfí lreKq $ f;dr;=re oek isáh hq;=h' Tng ikaksfõokh lsÍug wjYH foa ms<sn| meyeÈ,s
woyila Tng ;sfío@ Tfí ukfiys Tn meyeÈ,s ke;skï" Tn ikaksfõokh lsÍug wjYH foa .ek is;d ne,Sug
hï ld,hla .; lrkak'
túg Tn úYajdifhka yd meyeÈ,sj l:d lsÍu b;d jeo.;a fõ' l;d lrk úg Tfí uqLh jid fkd.kak' Tfí
lKavdhfï idudðlhdg Tng weyqïlka §ug fyd| Yíohlska l;d lrkak'
Tn lKavdhï idudðlfhl= i|yd ,sÅ; m‚úvhla ;nkafka kï" Tn kS;Hdkql+,j ,súh hq;= w;r ,sÅ;
m‚úvh Tfí lKavdhï idudðlhdg myiqfjka fidhd.; yels ia:dkhl ;eìh hq;=h'
my; i|yka fya;+ka u; Tn yels blaukska lKavdhï idudðlfhl=g ,nd Èh hq;=h(
tneúka yÈis wjia:djl§ l=ula l< hq;= oehs Tjqyq oks;s

tneúka yÈis wjia:djl§ .kqfokqlrejkag Woõ lrkafka flfiaoehs Tjqyq oks;s
tneúka yÈis wjia:djl§ Tjqka l,n, fkdjkq we;
tneúka Tjqkag yÈis wjia:djl§ lKavdhfï fldgila f,i jev l< yelsh
fyd| fiajd in|;d mj;ajd .ekSu
kshñ; fõ,djg jev lghq;= iïmQ¾K lsÍu
weKjqï ,nd .ekSfï§ isÿjk fodaI je<elaùu" wk;=re je<elaùu hkdÈh'
kdia;s jQ wdydr $ îu $ ld,h wju lsÍu
mdßfNda.sl ;Dma;sh mj;ajd .ekSug $ Wmßu lsÍug ^fjka lsÍï fjkia lsÍu wdÈh&
101
C) lKavdhul yeisfrk wdldrh
lKavdhï tlg fyd¢ka jev lsÍug Woõ lrk yeisÍï
wdpdrYS,S ùu
wka whg .re lsÍu
Wojq" ldf,daÑ;Ndjh
ñ;%;ajh
iEu úgu fyd| ikaksfõokhla ;sîSu
ld¾hh úfkdaockl lrkak
lKavdhï tlg jev lsÍug Woõ fkdlrk yeisÍï
´md¥m
lïue,s ùu
fm!oa.,sl ikSmdrlaIdj fkdue;slu
fndfyda úg m/udo ùu fyda wikSm ùu
ysßyer lsÍu
´kEu wdldrhl ysßyer lsÍu
/lshd ia:dkfha ysßyer lsÍu hkq l=ulao@
ysßyer lsÍu u.ska Tng krl" ÿl" ,eÊcdj" kskaodj fyda ìh we;s lrk wkjYH yeisÍï úia;r lrhs' th
wkjYH f,i iam¾Y lsÍu fyda myr §u jeks YdÍßl $ ,sx.sl ysßyer úh yelsh' th lE .eiSu fyda ;¾ckh
lsÍu jeks jdÑl ysßyer úh yelsh' th ysßyer lsÍu jeks udkisl ysßyer úh yelsh'
ysßyer lsÍu Tfí lKavdhfï flfkl=f.ka" Tfí wëlaIlf.ka" l<ukdlref.ka fyda wd.ka;=lfhl=f.ka
meñ‚h yelsh'
Tn bjish hq;= ke; ´kEu wdldrhl ysßyerhla'
^fhduqj( wdrlaIdj iy ikSmdrlaIdj ms<sn| mqoa.,sl wdrlaIdj ms<sn| f;dr;=re n,kak'&
Tng fjk;a lKavdhï idudðlfhl= iuÕ .eg¿jla we;akï Tn .eg¿j yels blaukska wod< mqoa.,hdg ^Tfí
wëlaIl" l<ukdlre fyda fydag,a ysñlre" fmd,Sish" ndysr ixúOdk& jd¾;d l< hq;=h' .eg¨j iuÕ blau‚ka
lghq;= lsÍfuka Tng th krl w;g yeÍu j<lajd .; yelsh'
.eg¨jla iuÕ blau‚ka lghq;= lsÍfuka Tn Tfí ld¾hhg iy Tfí Ôú;hg isÿjk ndOd wju lrkq we;'
102
D) Tfí l=i,;d iy oekqu jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug fya;=
jD;a;Sh iQmfõoh hkq jD;a;shla i|yd fydou ld¾hls' Tn lKavdhul fldgila f,i jev lsÍug leu;s kï"
fyd| mdßfNda.sl fiajdjla ,nd §u" Tfí yelshdjg m%;sM, ,eîu iy È.= ld,Sk wjia:djka ,nd fok
/lshdjl jev lsÍu jeks foa kï" jD;a;Sh wdydr msiSu Tng iqÿiq u f;aÍu fõ'
flfia fj;;a" /lshd ;Dma;sh <Õd lr .ekSug fyda Wiiaùula ,nd .ekSug kï" Tfí oekqu yd l=i,;d jeä
ÈhqKq lr j¾Okh l< hq;=h' jD;a;Sh wruqKq ieliSu fyda Tfí jD;a;Sh udj; ie,iqï lsÍu hkq Tfí wruqKq
idlaId;a lr .kafka flfiao hkakhs'
WodyrKhla f,i" Tn wo Commis 3 f,i jev lrñka isák kuq;a iuyr úg Tn tla Èkla Chef de Partie
fyda úOdhl iQmfõÈfhl= ùug leu;so@ ke;akï iuyr úg Tn Tfíu wjkay,l wrlaleñ ysñlre ùug
leu;so@
wyi hkq iSudj jk kuq;a Tfí wruqKq idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd Tn ieuúgu Tnu ÈhqKq lr .ekSug n,d
isáh hq;=h'
Tng Tnu ÈhqKq lr .; yels l%u
iEu úgu Tn iuÕ wjxl jkak' fuu m%Yak Tfnkau wid .kak(
uu fyd| jevla lr ;sfío@ uu Tfí jev .ek iEySulg m;a fjkjdo@

uf.a jev m%ñ;shg wkql+,o@ uf.a ld¾hh jvd fyd¢ka lrkafka flfiao@
uf.a Yla;su;a lreKq fudkjdo@ ug jeäÈhqKq l< yels lafIa;% fudkjdo@
uf.a jev .ek uu iEySulg m;a fjkjdo@ ukao@ wehs ke;af;a@
wka whf.ka wjxl m%;sfmdaIK ,nd .kak' Tfí lKavdhï idudðlhskag" Tfí l<ukdlreg $ wëlaIljrhdg
iy Tfí wuq;a;kag Tfí l=i,;d jeä ÈhqKq l< yels wdldrh ms<sn| m%fhdackj;a f;dr;=re ,nd Èh yelsh'
m%;sfmdaIKhg lsis úfgl;a ìh fkdjkak - wka wh wm .ek is;k foa wm .Kka fkd.;af;a kï wm lsis
úfgl;a ÈhqKq fkdjkq we;'
lKavdhï /iaùï j,§ fyda úêu;a ;lafiarejlska Tfí l<ukdlre iuÕ l;d lrk úg Tng fuu m%Yak
tlska tl weish yelsh'
Tfí oekqu jeäÈhqKq l< yels fjk;a l%u jkafka on-line f;dr;=re fiùu" on-line wdydr msiSfï mqyqKq ùäfhda
fidhd .ekSuhs ^YouTube ys fndfyda foa we;&'
bf.kqï ie,eiaula ;nd .kak
bf.kqï ie,eiaula hkq Tfí ld¾hh ksishdldrj bgq lsÍug WmldÍ jk bf.kqï yd ixj¾Ok l%shdldrlï
oelafjk l%shdldÍ ie,eiauls'Tfí /lshd l=i,;d m%fõYfuka jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd bf.kqï ie,eiaula
o fyd| l%uhls' WodyrKhla f,i" Tng Sous Chef ùfï b,lalhla ;sfí kï" bf.kSfï ie,eiaula uÕska
mshjfrka mshjr tu b,lalh imqrd .ekSug WmldÍ fõ'
bf.kqï ie,eiaug meyeÈ,s wruqKq ;sìh yelsh" WodyrKhla f,i zm<uq udi 6 ;=< uu t<j¿ lemSfï
;dlaIKh mßmQ¾K lrñz fyda zjirla ;=< jD;a;Sh l=lß NVQ uÜgu 4 ys uf.a iy;slh ,nd .ksñz'
th jvd;a m%dfhda.sl úh yelsh' WodyrKhla f,i" zi;sh 1 - msßisÿ lsÍfï ia:dk mqyqKq jkak" 2 jk i;sh -
msßisÿ lsÍfï WmlrK mqyqKq jkak" 3 jk i;sh - wdydr iqrlaIs;;dj ms<sn| uf.a jevfmd;a wNHdi wjika
lrkak'
103
Tnf.a bf.kqï ie,eiau ks;sm;d iudf,dapkh l< hq;= w;r tuÕska /lshdfõ ÈhqKqj i|yd l< hq;= foa Tng
oek.; yelsh' th Tfí jD;a;Sh Ôú;h ;=< j¾Okh lr .ekSug wjYH l=i,;d o biau;= lrhs' tfiau" Tn
bf.k .kakd iEu fohlau hï wdldrhlska m%fhdackj;a úh yels neúka Tfí bf.kqï ie,eiau iuÕ kuHYS,S
ùug ìh fkdjkak'
wd.ka;=l i;aldr fiajlfhl= f,i Tfí whs;sjdislï
—fiajl whs;sjdislï˜ hkafkka woyia lrkafka l=ulao@
jev lrk w;r;=r iEu mqoa.,fhl=u wdrlaIs;j isáh hq;=h' th —whs;shla˜ fõ' fndfyda úg kS;sfhka ms<s.;a
—whs;sjdislï˜ fndfydauhla we;" tneúka hful= Tfí whs;sjdislï W,a,x>kh lrkafka kï Tng tu
mqoa.,hdg tfrysj kS;suh ls%hdud¾. .; yelsh'
úúO wdldrfha whs;sjdislï ;sfí¦ wd¾Ól" isú,a" udkj iy we;a; jYfhkau fiajl whs;sjdislï' iuyr uQ,sl
fiajl whs;sjdislï¦ wkdrlaIs; jev m%;slafIam lsÍfï whs;sh" m%udKj;a f,i jkaÈ f.ùfï whs;sh" fjkia
fldg ie,lSfuka ksoyia ùug we;s whs;sh hkdÈh'
YS% ,xldfõ fndfyda l¾udka;j, fiajlhska Tjqkaf.a whs;sjdislï fkdokS' uQ,sl lreKq Tn oek isàu
jeo.;a h(
Tn i;shlg meh lShla jev lrkjdo@

Tng fldmuK ksjdvq fyda ksjdvq ld,h ,efí o@
wdrïNl iy wjika fõ,djka
i;s wka; jev" w;sld,
Tfí jev i|yd Tng fldmuK uqo,la f.jkq ,efí
Tfí fiajd ld,igykg wod<j Tfí wdh;kfha l%shd mámdáh Tn fkdokafka kï" Tfí wëlaIl fyda Chef de
Partie f.ka úuikak' Tjqka fkdokafka kï - Tn .ek fidhd ne,Sug Tjqkaf.ka b,a,d isákak'
Tn jeämqr jev fkdlsÍug iy Tfí fi!LHhg wjodkula we;s fkdjk mßÈ Tfí whs;sjdislï oek .ekSu
jeo.;ah' ksjerÈ jegqma f.ùu iy fjk;a m%;s,dN u.ska Tn lrk jev i|yd Tng ;Hd. ,efnk nj oek
.ekSu o jeo.;a h'
Tfí fiajd ia:dkfha iEu flfkl=gu Tjqkaf.a /lshdfõ kshuhka yd fldkafoais j,g iudkj ie,lsh hq;=h'
iudkd;au;djh hkq ckjd¾.sl miqìu l=ula jqj;a fiajlhskag mqreIhskag yd ldka;djkag iudk ie,ls,a,la
oelaùuhs'
úúO;ajh úúO miqìï yd yelshdjka we;s mqoa.,hskag .re lrk yd we;=<;a jk mßirhl jev lsÍu hkafkka
woyia fõ'
Tfí whs;sjdislï iy fiajl $ fiajd fhdaclhdf.a j.lSï ms<sn| Wmfoia ,nd .; yelafla fld;ekskao@
Tfí l<ukdlre" Tfí wëlaIl" Tfí i.hka" fydag,a ysñlre" fydag,a m%;sm;a;s" udkj iïm;a iïnkaëldrl"
jd‚c uKav, iïfï,kh" NIOSH" lïlre wud;HdxYh wdÈfhka Tng f;dr;=re ,nd .; yelsh'
Tng Tfí fydag,fhka msg; ne,Sug wjYH kï my; ia:dk W;aidy lrkak ^fjí ,smskhka 2018 wfma%,a 3 jk
úg&(
104
Y%S ,xldfõ jd‚c yd l¾udka; uKav, iïfï,kh( http://www.fccisl.lk (bx.S%isfhka muKh)

jD;a;Sh iqrlaIs;;d iy fi!LH ms<sn| cd;sl wdh;kh (NIOSH): http://www.niosh.gov.lk/index.
php?lang=en (isxy, iy fou<)
lïlre yd jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d wud;HdxYh: http://www.labourmin.gov.lk/web/ (isxy, iy fou<)
fydag,a" wjkay,a iy m%cdj
mq¿,a f,dalfhka fjka l< iajdëk tall f,i fydag,a iy wdmkYd,d iy wdydr fiajd fj<|ie,a fkdmj;S'
wmf.a .kqfokqlrejka f,dalh iEu ;eklskau meñfKa' kuq;a wm isákafka wmf.a m%foaYSh m%cdjka ;=< h'
tneúka" m%cd .eg¿ Tfí wdh;kfha .eg¿ njg m;aúh yelsh" WodyrKhla f,i(
fvx.=" WK fyda myiqfjka me;sr hd yels ´kEu frda.hla jeks fi!LH .eg¿
li<" m%;spl%SlrKh" c,h iy úÿ,sn, ysÕ;djhka" wkfmalaIs; ld,.=Kh jeks mdßißl .eg¿
jHdmdr ;rÕh" n|jd .ekSu" NdId mqyqKqj" ksmqK;d mqyqKqj jeks wd¾Ól .eg¿
m%cd iyNd.S;ajh úúO iajrEmhka .kS' m%cdjla ;=< iïnkaO ùu i|yd foaYSh mqKHdh;k i|yd uqo,a /
ia lsÍu" foaYSh WoHdk fyda fjr< ;Srhka msßisÿ lsÍfï Èk ixúOdkh lsÍu" foaYSh jdiia:dk i|yd udkj
jdiia:dk jHdmD;shla i|yd iafõÉPdfjka bÈßm;a ùu fyda fmdÿfõ ;sridr nj ms<sn|j foaYSh yd wuq;a;ka
oekqj;a lsÍu we;=<;a úh yelsh'
m%cd iyNd.S;ajh ixúOdkfhka msg; isák mqoa.,hska muKla we;=<;a fkdfõ' fiajlhska o m%cdfõ fldgila
jk neúka fydag,a iud.ula ish fiajlhska /ln,d .ekSu" idOdrK jegqma f.ùu" idOdrK m%;s,dN ,nd §u"
mqKH lghq;=j, iafõÉPdfjka bÈßm;a ùug Tjqkaj Èßu;a lsÍu iy Tjqka iuÕ iïnkaO ùfï jeo.;alu
ms<sn|j Tjqkaj oekqj;a lsÍu jeo.;a fõ' foaYSh m%cdj" ixpdrlhskaf.a ixialD;Ska .ek bf.kSu iy foaYSh
ixialD;sh .ek bf.kSu'
105
05 jk fldgi

ld, l<uKdlrKh
05 jk fldgi | ld, l<uKdlrKh
ld, l<uKdlrKh
ld, l<ukdlrKh hkq l=ulao@
Tfí rdcldß yd l¾;jHhka ld¾hlaIuj yd wdrlaIs;j bgq lsÍu i|yd /lshd ia:dkfha fyda Ôú;fha
idudkHfhka Tfí ld,h uekúka l<ukdlrKh lsÍu wjYH fõ'
i,ld ne,sh hq;= ld, l<ukdlrKfha wxY folla ;sfí(
th jeo.;a jkafka wehs
Tn iQmfõÈfhl= fyda bjqï msyqïlrefjl= ùug mqyqKq jk úg fyda Tn wdOqkslfhl= f,i jev lrk úg Tng
fndfyda" fndfyda rdcldß yd ld¾hhka we;' Tn mqyqKq ieis j,g iyNd.S jkq we;ehs wfmalaId flf¾' mqyqKq
ieis j,§ Tn bf.k .;a foa mqyqKq lsÍug Tn wfmalaId lrkq we;' Tn iajhx wOHkhla lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;=
fõ' Tn uq¿;ekaf.fhys Tfí ld¾hh lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkq we;'
Tfí ld,h l<ukdlrKh lrkafka flfiao hkak .ek Tn fkdis;kafka kï my; i|yka foa isÿúh yelsh(
1' Tn wd;;shg m;afõ' Tn wd;;shg m;ajk úg jerÈ isÿ lsÍu myiq jk w;r jerÈ j,g uqo,a úhoï úh
yelsh" wk;=re ks¾udKh l< yels w;r Tfí lKavdhu wmyiq;djhg m;afõ' '
2' Tng Tfí rdcldß fyda ld¾hhka kshñ; fõ,djg wjika l< fkdyels neúka idudkH meh .Kklg
miq Tn jev lrhs' fuh Tnj fjfyig m;a lr frda.dndOj,g ;=vq fokq we;' Tn fjfyig m;aj isák
úg jerÈ lsÍu iy jerÈ lsÍu i|yd uqo,a úhoï lsÍu" wk;=re ks¾udKh lsÍu iy Tfí lKavdhu a
wmyiq;djhg m;a ùu myiqh'
3' iajhx wOHkh lsÍug iy Tfí oekqu jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug Tng ld,h wysñ fõ' fuhska woyia lrkafka Tn
Tn fjkqfjka w¨;a fohla bf.k fkd.kakd njhs' fuh Tnf.a jD;a;Sh wjia:djkag n,mdkq we;'
4' Tn tljr fndfyda foa lsÍug W;aidy lrhs' fuhska woyia lrkafka iEu ld¾hhlau ;Dma;shg fyda fyd|
fyda Wiia m%ñ;shlg isÿ fkdlrk njhs' fuh Tnf.a jD;a;Sh wjia:djkag n,mdkq we;'
5' Tn úYajdi l< fkdyels lKavdhï idudðlfhl= njg m;afõ' fuh Tnf.a /lshdj yd jD;a;shg n,mdkq
we;'
^4 jk fldgi n,kak - lKavdhï jev&
108
Tfí ld,h l<ukdlrKh lrkafka flfiao@
fmdÿfõ Ôú;fha jvd fyd| ld, l<ukdlrKh i|yd woyia lsysmhla fukak(
1' ffoksl ie,eiaula" i;sm;d ie,eiaula iy udisl ie,eiaula ;nd .ekSug W;aidy lrkak' Thdgu
lreKdjka; fjkak' h:d¾:jd§ jkak' Tng úfõlh i|yd ld,h wjYHh nj wu;l fkdlrkak'
2' Tng iajhx wOHhk ld¾hhla ,nd § we;akï" th wjika lsÍug wjidk ñks;a;=j f;la n,d fkdisákak'
fjk;a rdcldß Tnj ld¾hnyq, lsÍug fmr Tng yels ;rï iajhx wOHhk ld¾hh wjika lsÍug W;aidy
lrkak'
3' jrlg tla ld¾hhla flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak' iuyr ld¾hhka taldnoaO l< yels kï tfia lrkak"
kuq;a Tn ld¾hhka taldnoaO lrkafka flfiaoehs is;Sug yd ie,iqï lsÍug Tng ld,h ,nd ÿka miq mu‚'
4' Tfí fi!LHh .ek ie,ls,su;a jkak' Tng wjYH kskao ,nd .kak' fyd¢ka wdydrhg .kak" wdydr w;miq
fkdlrkak' hï jHdhduhla ,nd .ekSuo m%fhdackj;a fõ'
109
Tn uq¿;ekaf.fhys Tfí ld,h l<ukdlrKh lrkafka flfiao@
m<uqj" wdydr ksIamdokfha wÈhr 4 f;areï .kak(
ksIamdok ie,iqï lsÍu $ Wmf,aLk.; lsÍu hkq l=ulao@
fuu wÈhr jkafka uq¿;ekaf.hs fiakdxlfha m%Odkshd úiska wdydr fiajdj hkq l=ulao iy wdydr fiajdj
bgq lrkafka flfiao hkak ie,iqï lrk úgh' Tn ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sfha fldgila fkdjkq we;'
;SrK .;a miq Tfí ld¾hhka fudkjdo" tajd l< hq;= ms<sfj, iy Tn tu ld¾hhka iïmQ¾K l< hq;af;a
ljodo hkak Tn oek .kq we;'
fmr iQodku hkq l=ulao@
fuu wÈhf¾§ ish¨‍u wuqøjH tl;= fõ - fuhg wuqøjH Ndr§u $ .nvd lsÍu we;=<;a úh yelsh' Mise-
en-place i|yd Tng wjYH wuqøjH iy WmlrK mÍlaId lrkak.
Mise-en-place hkq l=ulao@
th m%xY jpkhla jk w;r thska woyia lrkafka Tng wjYH ish,a, wdydr ksIamdokh i|yd ksjerÈ
;ekg ;eîuhs' ^8 jk fldgi n,kak&
ksIamdokh hkq l=ulao@
fuu wÈhr jkafka mdßfNda.slhdg msisk ,o lEu msÕdk ms<s.ekaùu olajd ls%hdj,shhs
igyk( fuu wÈhr y;r Tfí wdh;kh fiajh lrk wdydr fiajdjg n,mdhs' Tn oek.; hq;= wdydr fiajd j¾.
folla ;sfí( wdydr fiajd ^buffet or course menu & iy §¾> wdydr ms<s.ekaù ( a la carte & ilikak'
110
fojkqj" wdydr ksIamdokfha wjëka ms<sn|j yqre jkak
Tfí wdh;kfha iïu; fufyhqï ls%hd mámdá oek .kak

fï fudfydf;a Tn iïnkaO ù we;af;a fukqfõ l=uk fldgiao@
fukqj" Tfí jÜfgdare wOHkhkh lrkak'

Tn ;ju;a jÜfgdare lsysmhla lgmdvï lr ;sfío@ wuqøjH fudkjdo@ ñkqï fudkjdo@
Tng iEÈh hq;= iEu lEula i|ydu jev ie,eiaula ;nd .kak'
ishü wuqøjHh ;nd we;s ia:dkh oek .kak'

t<j¿ .nvd lrkafka fldfyao@ lsß wdydr .nvd lrkafka fldfyao@
Tfí jevfmd< $ uq¿;ekaf.h $ jevìu Tfíu ksjila fia oek .kak

Tfí jevfmdf<a yevh l=ulao ^th hQ yeve;so@ ke;fyd;a tla fma<shlao@& ish,a, ;nd we;af;a fldfyao@
jev ie,iqï
jev ie,eiaula hkq úfYaIs; jÜfgdarejla i|yd ls%hdldÍ ie,eiauls'

iEu ie,iqulau ld¾h ,ehsia;=jlska iukaú; fõ ^wdydr msiSfï l%uh muKla fkdfõ&'
my; lreKq i,ld n,kak(
jÜfgdarej l=ulao@
Tn yokafka l=ulao@
jÜfgdarefõ m%udKh l=ulao@

Tng fldmuK m%udKhla iEÈh hq;=o@
jÜfgdarej ;=< lEu msÕdk ilia lsÍfï ld¾hhka Tn f;areï .; hq;=h'

Tng f;afrkafka ke;akï Tng meyeÈ,s lsÍula b,a,d isáh yelafla ldgo@ Tng úYajdi ke;akï iEu úgu
meyeÈ,s lsÍula ,nd .kak' wjidk fudfyd; jk f;la n,d fkdisákak'
jÜfgdarej u; mokïj Tfí ld¾hhkays wkqms<sfj, ie,iqï lrkak'

l=uk ld¾hh i|yd jeä ld,hla .;fõo@
iEu ld¾hhla i|ydu .;jk ld,h .ek Tn is;d ne,sh hq;=h'
Tfí fmr iQodku lrkak

;ïnd" levqKq" msßisÿ l< hq;= foa l=ulao@
thawed fyda kej; r;a l< hq;= fyda fmr r;a l< hq;= foa l=ulao@
blanched, breaded fyda battered lsrSu wjYH l=ulao@
jÜfgdarejl úúO wuqøjH iy úúO fldgia i|yd r|jd ;nd .ekSfï WIaK;ajh l=ulao ^ksoiqkla f,i"
fidaia m<uqj iEÈh yels kï Tn th .nvd lrkafka fld;ekskao&@
Tng wjYH ish¨ fuj,ï yd WmlrK ;sfío@

Tfí msysh ;shqKq o@
lemqï mqjrej msßisÿ yd úh,s o@
Tfí ish¨ ñkqï fuj,ï Tn i;=j ;sfío@
ug nr WmlrK Ndú;d lsÍug wjYH jk w;r th Ndú;d lsÍug iQodkïo@
111
Do your mise-en-place
ishü wuq t<j¿ fyda m,;=re fidaod lmd lmd msÕka fldamam j, ;nd ;sfío@
uia marinated lr ;sfío@
Tng wjYH ishü wuqøjH j, kshu m%udK ;sfío@
lEu msÕdk ilia lrkak

wuqøjH Whkak iy msÕdk ilia lrkak'
Plating diagram ;sfío@
WodyrKhla jYfhka(
Pickled Kumquat
Seared Scallop
Blood Pudding
Parsley Root Puree

Sauce Mandarin
Red Ribbon Sorrel

Cut Seared Scallop
asymmetrical
112
ld¾hlaIuj jev lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia
tla ld¾hhla i|yd Tng wjYH jkq we;ehs Tn is;kjdg jvd jeä ld,hla ,nd fokak' Tfí l=i,;d
jeäÈhqKq jk úg" Tng fõ.fhka jev lsÍug iy jvd;a ksjerÈ ld, weia;fïka;= lsÍug yels jkq
we;'
uq¿;ekaf.h ixúOdkh lrkak' iEu úgu tlu ia:dkhl whs;u .nvd lr ;nkak túg Tng tajd
fiùug .;jk ld,h b;srsfõ'
WmlrK ksis f,i Ndú;d lsÍug bf.k .kak'
ir, lsÍug l%u fidhkak' fjk;a WmlrKhla uÕska ld¾hhla jvd;a blau‚ka iïmQ¾K l< yelso@
fjkia bjqï msyqï l%uhla jvd ld¾hlaIu fõo@ Tfí úl,amhka .ek is;Su Tng ld,h yd Yla;sh b;sß
lr .; yelsh'
m<uqj ish¨ WmlrK yd wuqøjH tla/ia lrkak' wdrïN lsÍug fmr Tng wjYH ish,a, tl,ia lsÍu
jdis lsysmhla we;' m<uqj" Tng wjYH wuqøjHhlska neyer jQ jÜfgdarejlska wvla Tn fidhd fkd.
kq we;' fojkqj" Tn iEu wuqøjHhlau Ndú;d lr we;aoehs mÍlaId lsÍu myiq jkq we;' f;jkqj iy
iuyr úg jvd;au jeo.;a foh kï Tng wjYH iEu fohlau Tfí weÕs,s ;=fvka ,nd .ekSuhs'
Dovetail ld¾hhka' iEu iQodkul mshjrlgu Tfí fkdfnÿKq wjOdkh wjYHu fkdfõ' ksoiqkla f,i"
l=l=¿ uia len,s frdaiaÜjk w;r§ Tng i,dohla idod .; yelsh' Tn iïmQ¾K wdydr fõ,la ms<sfh<
lrk úg Dovetailing úfYaIfhka jeo.;a fõ' Tn ld¾hhka bgq lsÍug woyia lrkafka kï" Tnf.a
ld,igyk ilia lsÍug j. n,d .kak'
Tn jev lrk úg msßisÿ lrkak' Tn jev wdrïN lsÍug fmr" iskala fyda msÕka fldamamhla WKqiqï
j;=frka mqrjkak' Tng ksoyia fõ,djka lsysmhla we;s úg" Tn Ndú;d lr wjika l< WmlrK msßisÿ
lrkak' ' msgdr .e,Su msioeóu i|yd msßisÿ f;;a msÕka frÈ lvla ;nd .kak Tn msßisÿ lr wjika
lrk úg wuqøjH bj;g oukak' Tnf.a wjidk msßisÿ lsÍu i|yd wvq ld,hla .;jkq we;'
113
jev ie,eiaula ks¾udKh lsÍfï Tfí yelshdj jeä ÈhqKq lrkak(
Tfí ld,h l<ukdlrKh lsÍfï yelshdj jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd" ld¾hhla fyda jÜfgdarejla miqj .sh
wdldrh .ek ks;ru fufkys lrkak'
Create a work Perform the

plan tasks
Work Activate
Plan Plan
Follow Reflect
Up
Use your Think about
reflection to what could be
make changes done better
to the work
plan.
114
fukqjla i|yd ks¾udKh lrk ,o ^lKavdhï& jev ie,eiaug WodyrKhla my; oelafõ
115
iïu; fufyhqï l%shd mámdá (S.O.P)
iEu jd;a;Sh uq¿;ekaf.hlgu wdydr ksIamdokfha úúO ld¾hhka i|yd ud¾f.damfoaY ud,djla (SOP& we;'
uq¿;ekaf.hs wdrlaIdj" wdydr iqrlaIs;;dj" mqoa.,sl ikSmdrlaIdj" uq¿;ekaf.h újD; lsÍu yd jid oeóu"
w;a fia§u" fnod yeÍï hkdÈh i|yd SOP tlla we;'
uq¿;ekaf.hs SOP hkq mshjfrka mshjr ls%hdj,s f,aLkhla jk w;r th uq¿;ekaf.hs ld¾h uKav,h
Tjqkaf.a uq¿;ekaf.hs rdcldß bgq lsÍfï§ uÕ fmkaùula f,i ls%hd lrhs' SOP uq¿;ekaf.hs msßie,iqu iy
tu wdh;kfhys jev m%jdyh i|yd úfYaIfhka ks¾udKh lr we;s neúka ld, ld¾hlaIu;dj Wmßu lsÍug
WmldÍ fõ'
Tfí wdh;khg jev ie,iqï lsÍu i|yd SOP tlla ;sfí kï tu SOP wkq.ukh lrkak
116
06 jk fldgi

uq¿;ekaf.hs WmlrK" fuj,ï iy
WmlrK y÷kajd§u
06 jk fldgi | uq ¿ ;eka f .hs WmlrK" fuj,ï iy WmlrK y÷ka j d§u
uq¿;ekaf.hs WmlrK" fuj,ï iy WmlrK y÷kajd§u
fuu fldgi uq¿;ekaf.hs WmlrK" fuj,ï iy WmlrK ms<sn| ye¢kaùuls
uq¿;ekaf.hs úYd, Ndck" fuj,ï iy WmlrK úYd, m%udKhla we;' fndfyda uq¿;ekaf.hs WmlrK
wjYH;djhka wkqj úfYaIs; fõ ' uq¿;ekaf.hs WmlrK iEu úgu ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;S' kj j¾Okhka
ms<sn|j Tng yels iEu úgu oekqj;a jkak'
flfia fj;;a" iEu uq¿;ekaf.hlu Ndú;d jk fmdÿ WmlrK iy fuj,ï lÜg,hla ;sfí' fuj,ï M,odhS
f,i Ndú;d lrkafka flfiao" kv;a;= lrkafkao iy msßisÿ lrkafka flfiao hkak ms<sn|j oekqj;aj isàu
jeo.;ah'
tla tla fuj,u i|yd wruqK l=ulao hkak ms<sn|j fyd| wjfndaOhla ;sîu" WmlrK fyda WmlrK fldgia
tla tla fuj,fuys fN!;sl ksrEmKh wjfndaO lr .ekSug iy u;l ;nd .ekSug WmldÍ fõ'
fuj,ï(
w;a fuj,ï ldKav ;=klg fnÈh yelsh -
A. l=vd ^Ndck& - ^ksoiqkla f,i" whisks " msys" bowls" measuring tools &
B. úYd, ^WodyrKhla f,i" steamers, fryers, hot cupboard &
C. hdkaa;s%l" ^ksoiqkla f,i" mincers, mixers, refrigerators &
A. l=vd fuj,ï
mßudj uekSu ^f;;a wuqøjh&
Measuring Volume (wet ingredients) : Measuring jugs, cups and spoons
118
Measuring Weight (dry ingredients) : Measuring jugs, cups and spoons
WIaK;ajh uekSu - wdydr WIaK;ajudkh
nr iy mßudj uekSu i|yd j.=(
Liquid Measures
1 cup 8 fluid ounces ½ pint 237 ml
2 cups 16 fluid ounces 1 pint 474 ml
4 cups 32 fluid ounces 1 quart 946 ml
2 pints 32 fluid ounces 1 quart 946 ml
4 quarts 128 fluid ounces 1 gallon 3.784 litres
119
Dry Measures
3 teaspoons 1 tablespoon ½ ounce 14.3 grams
2 tablespoons 1/8 cup 1 fluid ounce 28.3 grams
4 tablespoons ¼ cup 2 fluid ounces 56.7 grams
5 1/3
1/3 cup 2.6 fluid ounces 75.6 grams
tablespoons
8 tablespoons ½ cup 4 ounces 113.4 grams 1 stick butter
12 tablespoons ¾ cup 6 ounces 0.375 pound 170 grams
32 tablespoons 2 cups 16 ounces 1 pound 453.6 grams
64 tablespoons 4 cups 32 ounces 2 pounds 907 grams
Food Preparation and Production Tools:
Corer: wem,a yd
Vegetable peelers: m,;=re yd t<j¿ j, fmd;=
fmhd¾ia jeks m,;=re
bj;a lsÍu i|yd
j, uo bj;g .ekSu
Mandolin Slicer: t<j¿ Zester: meÕsß m,;=re Parisienne Scooper(

úúO yev j,g lemSu j,ska fmd;a; bj;a lsÍu flduvq fnda, ye£u i|yd
i|yd i|yd
120
Egg slicer and egg wedger: ì;a;r iqug fm;s

j,g lemSu i|yd
Trussing needle: for

Meat Bat/ cutlet bat: for Larding needle: for threading
trussing poultry
tenderizing meat lard through meat
and meat
4 – way Grater: Öia fyda t<j¿ Mortar and Pestle: U!IO me<Eá iy
weUÍu i|yd l=¿nvq weUÍu i|yd
121
iú lr we;s j.=j újD; l< yelsh ùÿre ñYar md;arh
Pastry Brush: fmaiaÜß fyda mdka u;

Rolling pin: for rolling dough ì;a;r fyda ng¾ me;sÍu i|yd
Balloon Whisk: for whisking or whipping Piping bag (with nozzle set):
heavy cream or eggs or butter For piping cream
122
Ramekins: l=vd WKqiqï

Fluted Tartlet Mold: gdÜ i|yd
w;=remi ms<siaiSu i|yd
Wooden spoons: for any kind of stirring

Fish Slice: ud¿ msiSug
or sauteeing
Perforated spoon Soup Ladle: iqma iy biagqjla i|yd
123
Conical Strainer: for strainer liquids Sauce Ladle: fidaia i|yd
Potato Masher: w¾;dm,a fmdä lsÍu i|yd Pizza cutter: mSid fm;s j,g lemSu i|yd
Ndck iy n÷ka
Sauté Pan (straight edge) Sauté Pan (slope sided)
124
Saucepans and stockpots Cast Iron Skillets Sizzling Plate
Large Stock Pot
Pancake Pan Saucepan
125
Pie Dish Souffle dish
Braising Pan Casserole
Savouring Mould Roasting Tray
126
Chafing Dish Burner
Wok
Tall Pot
127
mEka taldldrj msiSug we;s yelshdj flfrys n,mdk idOl folla kï(
f,dayfha >Klu - nr ñkqï n÷kla fyda mEka ;=kS tllg jvd taldldrj msisk >Klu m;=f,a ;sìh hq;=h'
f,day j¾.h - úúO f,dayj,g úúO ikakdhl;djla we; ^;dmh udre lrk fõ.h&
we¨ñkshï - jvd;a iq,N" ieye,a¨ nr we;s

;U - ish,a,gu jvd fyd| ;dm ikakdhlh" b;d ñ, wêl jk w;r th b;d mßiaiñka Ndú;d l< hq;=h
u, fkdnefok jdfka - ;dmfha ikakdhlhla jk w;r" ;dmh wiudk neúka wdydr ms,siaiSug ,la jk kuq;a
wdydr .nvd lsÍug fyd|h
jd;a;= hlv - ;dmh taldldrj fnod yßk w;r by< WIaK;ajhla .; yelsh' úh,s f,i ;nd fkd.kafka
kï myiqfjka u,lv nefoa
fkdne¢ wdf,amkh - myiqfjka iSÍug ,lafõ" f,day ye¢ Ndú;d fkdlrkak fyda iSreï øjHh j,ska msßisÿ
lrkak' ì;a;r yd f;,a fkdue;sj msiSug fhda.Hhs'
Pots and Pans Set
128
B: úYd, fuj,ï
FOOD
Can 1
Can 2
WATER
HEATER
Double Boiler ( fpdl,Ü WKq lsÍu fyda liagâ osh lsrSu i|yd
Sous Vide Machine: vacuum weiqreï l< wdydr msiSu i|yd
129
Hot Range and Hot Holding Equipment
Griddle: tljr úúO foa msiSug yelsh Salamander: fgdaiaÜ lsÍu fyda ÿUqre
lsÍu fyda WKqiqïj ;nd .ekSu i|yd
Deep Fat Fryer( .eUqre f;f,a neoSug BrattPan( tljr úYd, m%udKhla msiSug
yelsh
Electric Convection Oven
130
4 - Ring Gas Stove with Griddle Pan and Oven
Microwave oven Overhead hood
Grill with hood cover Grill
131
Waffle Grill Panini Grill
Bain-Marie ( WKqiqïj ;nd .ekSu i|yd Pressure Steamer
iS;, mrdih iy iS;, r|jd .ekSfï WmlrK
Blast Chiller Freezer
132
Refrigerator
C: hdka;s%l WmlrK
Hand-held Liquidizer
Blender
/ Blender
133
Food Processors
Commercial dough and batter mixer: fílß whs;u i|yd wuqøjH ñY% lsÍu i|yd
134
Mechanical Potato Peeler
Food Slicer Mincing Machine
135
Band Saw: úYd, len,s ud¿ fyda uia fm;s Buffalo Chopper: chops or emulsifies
lemSu i|yd food ingredients
Ice Cream Dispenser Ice Cream Maker
136
Ice Cube Maker Boiler
Toaster Electric Soup Tureen
Electric Coconut Scraper Fly killing machine
137
wdydr ieliqï WmlrK( iskala iy rdlal iy jev fïi
138
msys iy msys fuj,ï

msysh Tfí jeo.;au fuj,u jkq we;' tu ksid tys fldgia" úúO msys Ndú;d lsÍu" uqjy;a lr .kafka flfiao"
msßisÿ lsÍu" ikSmdrlaIdj lsÍu" msys .nvd lsÍu iy wjidkfha§ fuu fuj,u wdrlaIs;j yd fi!LHdrlaIs;j
Ndú;d lsÍfuka thg .re l< hq;= wdldrh Tn f;areï .; hq;=h'
Handle
Heel
Butt
Tang
Bolster Spine
Point
Edge
Tip
msysfha fldgia iy tys Ndú;hka(
Point ,l=Kq lsÍug" msysfhka wekSug fyda isÿrla wdrïN lsÍug'
Tip: ishqï fyda iúia;rd;aul lemSu i|yd" iu bj;a lsÍu'
Edge( msysh u; mokïj odrh iqug fyda .d .; yelsh' ;,fhys fyd¢ka Ndú;d l< fldgila - lemSu" i|yd'
Heel( ;,fhys my< fldgi - wu;r n,hla wjYH wdydr lemSu i|yd Ndú;d lrhs'
Spine( ;,fhys >ku fldgi jk w;r ;,fhys Yla;sh imhhs'
Bolster( yev,h ;,h yuq jk ;ek' ;,h foig ,siaid hdu j<lajd weÕs,s wdrlaId lrhs'
Handle( fuu fldgi fndfyda øjHh j,ska iEÈh yels w;r yev,fhys ie,iqu uÕska th Ndú;d lrk myiqj
kshu l< yelsh'
Tang: yev,hg iïnkaO jk ;,fhys fkdlevQ fldgi'
Butt( msysfha msgqmi fl<jr jk w;r jvd fyd| .%yKhla i|yd idudkHfhka jl% fõ'
139
msys lÜg,
140
msys fndfydauhla ;snqKo" Tn iQmfõÈfhl= $ bjqï msyqïlrefjl= f,i Tfí jD;a;Sh ld,h ;=< oek .kq we;"
Tn oek.; hq;= uQ,sl wdldrfha msys fukak(
Cook’s /Chef’s Knife

Tn jeämqru Ndú;d lrk msysh fuhhs' th ish¨ j¾.j, lemSu" vhsisx" weUÍu iy fm;s lemSu i|yd fõ'
;,h È.ska jeä jk w;r th yeisrùug wmyiq fõ' l=vd w;a l=la flá ;, f;dard .; hq;= w;r úYd, w;a
l=la È.= ;, Ndú;d l< hq;=h'
Paring Knife
m,;=re iy t<j¿ fmd;= weÍu yd uoh yEÍu i|yd
Turning Knife
paring msyshla fuka th m,;=re yd t<j¿ lemSu i|yd fhdod .kS' flfia fj;;a tys jl% ;,hla we;s w;r
m,;=re yd t<j¿ lemSu" mS,a lsÍu fyda leghï lsÍu msyshlg jvd myiq lrhs'
Bread Knife
idudkHfhka mdka fm;s lemSu i|yd' mdka" flala jeks ishqï wdydr "iekaâúÉ iy fmaiaÜßs odrh lemSu i|yd
fhdod .kS'
Fillet Knife
;,h ;rula kuHhYS,S yd mgq h'
ud¿ len,s fldg lemSu i|yd Ndú;d fõ' mgq ;,h uiqkaf.a fld÷ kdráh Èf.a fyda ud¿kaf.a iu Èf.a
iqugj .uka lsÍug iu;a fõ'
Carving Knife
oDv ;,hla we;s leghï msysh frdaiaÜ uia fm;s lmk w;r jvd;a kuHhYS,S leghï msyshla idudkHfhka
frdaiaÜ l=l=¿ uia fyda W!re uia i|yd fhdod .kS'
Utility Knife
l=vd ieye,a¨ ;,hla'
m,;=re iy t<j¿ lemSu i|yd'
141
Cleaver (or Chopping Knife)

mq¿,a" ;o ;,hla iys; msyshla' lmamdÿ lsÍu" ;,d oeóu yd brd oeóu i|yd Ndú;d fõ'
Boning Knife
yeï fyda yrla uia jeks uia lene,a,la ;=< m%Odk wiaÓh bj;a lsÍu i|yd ;=kS" flá yd oDv ;,hla mj;S'
l=vd fndakska msys uia lemSu i|yd fhdod .kS'
jD;a;Sh uq¿;ekaf.fhys Tng oelsh yels fjk;a fuj,ï(
Grapefruit knife - grapefruit fmd;af;ka bj;g .ekSu i|yd ieliQ jl%dldr ;,hla mj;S' m<;=re f¾Ldj
w;r lemSu i|yd uOHfha lemqula iys; ;,hla we;
Öia msysh - fuu ;,h Öia ,nd .ekSu i|yd jl%dldr iy fon,l we;'
Food Saw - YS; l< wdydr fyda uia fyda wiaÓ lmd oeófï§ fuh m%fhdackj;a fõ'
142
uq¿;ekaf.hs l;=r - wdydr lemSu i|yd melÜ újD; lsrSu i|yd nyqld¾h fuj,ula fõ'
ksjerÈj msyshla Ndú;d lsÍu(
udmgeÕs,a, iy weÕs,s ;=vq w;r msysh msyshg uÕ fmkaùu" ;,h weÕs,s ;=vqj,g ,siaid
w,a,d .kak hdu" weÕs,s ;=vq ;,fhka bj;g we§ hhs
bÕs( w;a iy ue‚la lgqj ,sys,a lrkak" ;,h

lemSu isÿ lsÍug bv fokak
msysh meoafoñka p,khlska" bÈßmi isg

miqmig fukau by<g iy my<g .uka
lrhs'
msysh tlu Wilska fyda je,ñgg my<ska

;sìh hq;=h" túg w;a muKla fkdj uq¿
by< isrergu msysh u; my<g mSvkh
fhÈh yelsh'
143
wod, ld¾hh i|yd jQ ksjerÈ msysh Ndú;d lrkak'

iEu úgu Tfnka bj;aj lemSu lrkak'
iEu úgu lemqï mqjrejla Ndú;d lrkak'
ld¾hfha ld¾hlaIu;dj mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd msys ;shqKq f,i ;nd .kak'
msyshla /f.k hk úg" lefmk me;a; Tfí me;a;g bj;ska ;nd .kak'
hful=g msyshla ,nd fok úg" msysh msßisÿ jev mDIaghla u; ;nd Tjqkag th .ekSug bv fokak'
jefgk msyshla w,a,d fkd.kak'
msys j;=r fíiul ;nkak tmd - fuh wyïfnka ;=jd, ùfï wjodkula we;'
fïij, odr wi, msys ;nkak tmd'
msys msßisÿ lsÍu yd kv;a;= lsÍu(
Ndú;fhka miq" iEu úgu msysh msßisÿ lrkak' ^msysh msiouk frÈ fjk;a frÈ j,ska fjkaj ;nd .kak'
Ndú;fhka miq msysh msiouk frÈ ksjerÈj msßisÿ lrkak'&
w;ska fidaokak ^ dishwasher fia§u msyshg ydks lrhs&'
uia" l=l=¿ uia wdÈh lemSu i|yd Ndú;d lr we;s msyshla fia§fï§ iEu úgu WKqiqï" inka j;=r Ndú;d
lrkak'
wyïfnka lemSu je<elaùu i|yd fjk;a Ndck j,ska wE;aj úh<s ia:dkhl .nvd lrkak' ,S fyda fmd,s;ska msys
íf,dla tll .nvd lsÍu jvd;a iqÿiqh'
144
msys uqjy;a lrk úg(
(A) (B)
by; mska;+rfha Â& msysh uqjy;a lsÍu i|yd ;shqKq jdfka Ndú;d lrhs' fuu fuj,u jdfka" ùÿre fyda msÕka
ueá j,ska idod .; yelsh'
;shqKq uqjy;a lsÍfï WmlrKhlska ^B& msyshla uqjy;a lr .ekSug o yelsh' uqjy;a lsÍfï fuj,ula Ndú;d
lrk úg ksjerÈj uqjy;a lr .ekSu i|yd Tn Wmfoia fyd¢ka ms<smeÈh hq;=h'
(C)
iuyr uq¿;ekaf.fhys ;shqKq .,la fyda f;;a .,la (C& oelsh yelsh' uqjy;a lrk .,lg me;s folla" r¿
me;a;la iy isks÷ me;a;la ;sìh hq;=h' Tn uq,ska r¿ me;a; Ndú;d lrñka uqjy;a lrkak' wxYl 45 l
fldaKhlska ., u; ;,h iu;,d lrkak' msysfhys yev,h tla w;lska w,a,df.k wfkla w;ska ;,h u;
weÕs,s folla ;nkak" ;,h ;rula ^wxYl 20& Tijd my<g yd bÈßhg fyda Tn foig ;,a¨ lrkak' Tn ;,h
fomiu fuh l< hq;=h'
145
lemqï mqjre(
msyshlg lemqï mqjrejlska f;drj lsisjla fkdl, yel' f,day" msÕka ueá fyda ùÿre lemqï mqjre b;d ,siaik
iq¿ úh yels neúka ,S fyda ma,hsàka lemqï mqjre marOdk jYfhka Ndú;d fõ'
lemqï mqjre Ndú;d lrk úg" úúO wdydr i|yd tlu lemqï mqjrej Ndú;d fkdlrkak' Tn tlu lemqï
mqjrej Ndú;d lrkafka kï" wuq wdydr iy msiQ wdydr" wuq uia iy wuq t<j¿ wdÈh w;r yria wmú;% ùfï
wjodkula we;' tneúka úúO mqjre Ndú;d lr kï lrk ,o mqjre j¾K fla; lr fyda f,an,a lr we;s njg
j. n,d .kak' l=uk wdydr i|ydo'
WodyrKhla jYfhka:
COLOUR CODED CUTTING BOARDS
RAW MEAT
RAW FISH
COOKED MEAT
SALAD & FRUIT
VEGETABLES
BAKERY & DAIRY
Wmf,aLk msßisÿ lsÍu ^1 yd 2 fldgio n,kak&

msßisÿ lsÍfï ld,igykla hkq l=ulao@
msßisÿ lsÍfï ld,igyk hkq uq¿;ekaf.hs wjldYh iy WmlrK ks;sm;d msßisÿ l< hq;= fukau tajd msßisÿ
l< hq;= fõ,djka fmkaùug myiq iy M,odhS l%uhls'
mßY%h iy WmlrK msßisÿj yd ikSmdrlaIl ;;a;ajfhka mj;ajdf.k hkafka flfiao hkak úia;r lrk
Wmfoia ud,djls'
msßisÿ lsÍfï ld,igyka we;af;a wehs@
ish¿u wdydr ieliSfï ia:dk msßisÿj yd ikSmdrlaIl f,i ;nd .ekSu iy;sl lsÍu i|yd msßisÿ lsÍfï
ld,igyka Ndú;d lrkq ,efí'
wdydr m%ñ;s ix.%yhg wkql+, ùu i|yd' mdßißl" fi!LH" fiajd iy wdydr jHdmdr Tjqkaf.a mßlaIlhka
iy ish¨ WmlrK msßisÿ yd ikSmdrlaIl ;;a;ajfha mj;ajd .; hq;=h' wfmalaIs; msßisÿlfï m%ñ;sh wdydr
wmøjH" wmsßisÿ" .S%ia fyda fjk;a oDYH o%jHla /ia fkdjk njg iy;sl úh hq;=h'
wmsßisÿ WmlrK u; fyda wdydr yeisrùfï§ nelaàßhd wdydr ksIamdokhg udre úh yelsh' fuh wdydr úI
ùug fya;= fõ' wdydr úIùfï frda. wju lr .ekSu i|yd" ish¨ wdydr mßY%hka msßisÿ ;;a;ajfha ;nd .;
hq;=h'
146
msßisÿ lsÍfï ld,igykla ilia lrkafka flfiao@
Tfí jHdmdrh i|yd msßisÿ lsÍfï ld,igykla ilia lsÍu i|yd we;s myiqu l%uh kï mßY%h yryd .uka
lsÍu iy msßisÿ lsÍug wjYH ishü whs;u ,ehsia;=jla ilia lsÍuhs' ì;a;s" ìï iy isú,su fukau ish¨
WmlrK" iúlD; iy iúlsÍï jeks oE we;=<;a lsÍug Tng wjYH jkq we;' ks;r msßisÿ fkdlrk ,o oE
we;=¿j ishü whs;u we;=<;a lsÍu jeo.;ah'
msßisÿ l< hq;= iEu fohlau ,ehsia;=jla Tn i;=j we;s úg" th msßisÿ l< hq;= wdldrh oeka Tng jd¾;d
lsÍug wjYH jk w;r th msßisÿ l< hq;= jdr .Kk ;SrKh lrkak' msßisÿ lsÍu i|yd j.lsj hq;af;a
ljqrekao hkak iy ridhksl øjH $ äg¾ckaÜ Ndú;d l< hq;= foa we;=<;a lsÍuo fyd|h'
ks¾foaYs; msßisÿ lsÍfï jdr .Kk
tla tla Ndú;h fyda wdydr ms<sfh, lsÍfï ld,fhka miq(
ish¿u WmlrK" msÕka ueá" ye¢ .Eremamq" uqÜá iy n÷ka "meat slicers" milkshake mixers iy lemqï mqjre
$ blocks jeks WmlrK' wdydr ieliSfï benches, sinks iy mdßfNda.sl fïi'
wju jYfhka Èkm;d(
Microwaves" fldams ueIska" uhslafrdafõõ Wÿka" stove tops " Bain Marie " floors and walkways " refrigerator
rubber door seals " ishü ld¾h uKav,h $ wkq.%dyl jeisls<s yd weoqï udre lrk ldur" wmøjH m%foaY
jeks WmlrK'
i;sm;d(
ish¿u WmlrK hg iy msgqmi" ì;a;s" rdlal" lnâ";sr" wNHka;r isis,a ldur iy refrigerators, freezers"
úh<s .nvd m%foaY" we;=¿ ishü wuqøjH nyd¨ï" Wÿka iy l=Kq n÷ka'
udislj(
ieye,a¨ iúlsrSï, exhaust fans and exhaust canopies. m<sfndaO md,kh o udislj iudf,dapkh l< hq;=h'
udi ;=klg jrla(
.S%ia W.=, msßisÿ lsÍug yd jD;a;Sh m<sfndaO md,kh lsÍug lghq;= lrkak'
jd¾Islj
.sks ksùfï moaO;sh mÍlaId lrkak

.sks ksjk WmlrK mÍlaId lrkak ^fuh ia:dms; lsÍu wkqj jirlg fojrla isÿ lsÍug wjYH úh yelsh&
jirlg fojrla hoods msßisÿ lrkak' tu ld¾hh Tnu lrkjdg jvd hoods msßisÿ lsÍu ms<sn| úfYaI{jQ
jD;a;Sh iud.ula Ndú;d lrkak ^b;d wjq,a iy.; yd ld,h kdia;s lrk lghq;a;ls&'
´kEu .Eia uq¿;ekaf.hs WmlrKj, kshuq úÿ,s myka msßisÿ lrkak ^ksIamdolhdf.a Wmfoia ms<sme§ug j.
n,d .kak&'
147
msßisÿ lsÍfï ld,igyk fudk jf.a úh hq;=o@ fuu lreKq m;%h iuÕ we;=<;a lr we;af;a Tng
Ndú;d l< yels ysia msßisÿ lsÍfï ld,igykls'
msßisÿ lsÍfï Wmf,aLk WodyrKh
uq¿;ekaf.hs fuj,ï msßisÿ lsÍu yd kv;a;= lsÍu(
úÿ,s fkdjk fuj,ï msßisÿ lsÍfï§(

a) fmr msßisÿ
b) fia§u
c) ikSmdrlaIdj
d) fyd¢ka úh<kak
e) ksjerÈj .nvd lrkak
úÿ,s fuj,ï msßisÿ lsÍfï§(

a) msßisÿ lsÍfï ksfhdað; $ Èhr f;darkak
b) úÿ,sn, m%Njfhka úÿ,s WmlrK úikaê lrkak
c) wjYHkï msßissÿ lsÍfï Wmfoia lshjkak"
d) wdrlaIs;j úiqrejd yßkak
e) wdydr u; úh<Su bj;a lsÍu i|yd fmr msßisÿ $ fmdÕjd .ekSu"
f) inka" msioukak iy $ fyda we;s,a,Sug ûDÿ f,i&
g) fuhg ms<shula
h) wjYH kï ikSmdrlaIdj isoq lrkak
i) fyd¢ka úh<kak
j) kej; tl;= lr ksjerÈj .nvd lrkak
148
úfYaIfhka uq¿;ekaf.hs fuj,ï msßisÿ lsÍfï§ u;l ;nd .; hq;= lreKq lsysmhla(
ksjerÈ msßisÿ lsÍfï Èhr Ndú;d lrkak'

ksjerÈ msßisÿ lsÍfï frÈ fyda iafmdkaðhla fyda nqreiqjla Ndú;d lrkak'
yels kï WKq j;=r Ndú;d lrkak'
ksjerÈ ikSmdrlaIl iuÕ uq¿;ekaf.hs fuj,ï ikSmdrlaIdj lrkak'
úh<k rdlalhla u; fyd¢ka úh<kak' ^msßisÿ l< jydu fuj,ula Ndú;d lsÍug wjYH kï" úh<Su i|yd
muKla msßisÿ lrk frÈ lene,a,lska úh<kak'&
msÕka fidaok hka;%hla Ndú;d lrkafka kï" msÕka fidaok hka;%h ksjerÈj Ndú;d lrkafka flfiaoehs Tn
okakd njg j. n,d .kak" iy msÕka fidaok hka;%hl fiaÈh yels fuj,ï iy úÿ,s fuj,ï fldgia Tn
oek isáh hq;=h'
uq¿;ekaf.hs fuj,ï kv;a;= lsÍu .ek u;l ;nd .; hq;= lreKq lsysmhla(
Tn hï je/oaola ÿgqjfyd;a" WmlrK Ndú;d fkdlrkak'

th jydu Tfí wëlaIl fj; jd¾;d lrkak'
kv;a;= .eg¿ i|yd WodyrK( úÈk ,o úÿ,s /yeka" levqKq iaúph",sys,a jQ fyda ke;sjQ bial=remamq "
WmlrKj, we;s f.dfrdaiq fyda wuq;= Yío" .|" ÿu fyda WmlrKj,ska tk .sks mqmqre" levqKq handles
msßisÿ lsÍu iy ikSmdrlaIdj hkq l=ulao@
msßisÿ lsÍu iy ikSmdrlaIdj hkq fjku ls%hd mámdá folla nj wdydr jHdmdr ysñlrejka f;areï .ekSu
jeo.;ah' u;=msg ikSmdrlaIdj lsÍug fmr msßisÿ lsÍu wjYH fõ' ls%hd mámdá foflau w¾: oelaùï my;
oelafõ(
msßisÿ hkafkka woyia lrkafka ziam¾Y lsÍug msßisÿhsz hkakhs' mDIagh u; iuqÉÑ; ¥ú,s" wmsßisÿ fyda
wdydr wxY= fkd;sìh hq;=h'
ikSmdrlaIdj hkq nelaàßhd m%udKh wvq lsÍu i|yd u;=msgg ;dmh iy $ fyda ridhksl øjH fh§uhs'
u;=msg we;s nelaàßhd ixLHdj wdydr yd iïnkaO;d i|yd wdrlaIs; uÜgulg wvq l< hq;=h
hdka;s%l WmlrK j,ska isÿjk ;=jd, je<elaùu
fuu kS;s Í;s wkq.ukh lsÍfuka uq¿;ekaf.fhys Tfí wdrlaIdj .ek ie,ls,su;a ùfï j.lSu Tn úiska .;
hq;=h'.
1. Tn tys ls%hdldß;ajh f;areï .kafka kï ñi lsisÿ WmlrKhla Ndú;d fkdlrkak'

2. WmlrKj, ishü wdrlaIlhska iy wdrlaIl Wmdx. Ndú;d lrkak' fm;s lmk hka;% Ndú;fha fkdue;s
úg Y=kHg ^;,h jid we;& ilikak'
3. yekaolaj;a fkdue;s wjia:djl lsisu wdldrhlska wdydr iam¾I fkdlrkak
4. úiqrejd yeÍug fyda msßisÿ lsÍug fmr úÿ,s WmlrK .,jkak'
149
5. WmlrK ma,.a lsÍug fmr iaúph wl%Sh lr we;s njg j. n,d .kak'
6. Tfí oE;a f;;a ù we;akï fyda Tn c,fha isgf.k isákafka kï iaúp we;=¿ úÿ,s WmlrK iam¾Y
fkdlrkak'
7. ksis f,i .e,fmk we÷ï w¢kak' hka;% iQ;%j,g yiq fkdù isàu i|yd tam%k kQ,a ne| ;nkak'
8. WmlrK tys wfmalaIs; wruqKq i|yd muKla Ndú;d lrkak'
9. Ndck rdlal u; Ndck iy fjk;a WmlrK ksis f,i .nvd lr ;nkak'
je<elaùfï kv;a;= ld,igyk
Tn oekgu;a bf.k f.k we;s mßÈ" ´kEu uq¿;ekaf.hs WmlrK msßisÿj ;nd .ekSu iy th wdrlaIs;j
Ndú;d lsÍu b;d jeo.;a fõ' fuu ls%hd fol je<elaùfï kv;a;= lsÍfï fldgils' kv;a;= lsÍu fkdi,ld
yeÍu wkd.;fha§ wk;=re j,g ;=vq Èh yelsh'
iEu uq¿;ekaf.hlu je<elaùfï kv;a;= ld,igykla ;sìh hq;=h' ishü uq¿;ekaf.hs WmlrK mÍlaId lsÍu
yd kv;a;= lsÍu ms<sn| i;sm;d" udisl yd jd¾Isl msßlaiqï ,ehsia;=jla wjYH fõ' fuh isÿ fkdl< fyd;a"
jeo.;a WmlrK jvd;a wjYH jQ úg th wid¾:l ùug fya;= úh yels w;r fufyhqï m%;sia:dmkh yd ld,h
ke;sùu i|yd úYd, uqo,la jeh úh yelsh'
1) th WmlrK wdhq ld,h §¾> lrhs

2) ish¿u WmlrK m%Yia: ls%hdldÍ;ajhlska ls%hd;aul jk nj iy;sl lrhs
3) th È.= ld,Skj uqo,a yd ld,h b;sß lrhs'
igyk( 5 jk j.ka;sfha SOP îïu; fufyhqï l%shd mámdá& idlÉPd lrk ,§' kej; th lshjkak" ukao Tfí
wdh;khg WmlrK WmlrK iy WmlrK msßisÿ lsÍu yd kv;a;= lsÍu i|yd ;ukaf.au SOP tlla we;s neúka tajd
Tn úiska wkq.ukh l< hq;=h'
150

Professional Cookery Manual Sinhala Part 1

Uploaded by

Document Informationclick to expand document information

Copyright:

Available Formats

Professional Cookery Manual Sinhala Part 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Professional Cookery Manual Sinhala Part 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Professional

Farheen Khurrum - Contract Representative

Version V1.0 (September 2021)

Vocational Training Authority

To Future Chefs of Sri Lanka,

National Apprentice and Industrial Training Authority

I am writing to confirm that the National Apprentice and Industrial Training

In reading these materials I am reminded of the immortal words of Leonardo

National Youth Services Council

To our young trainees,

The mission of The National Youth Services Council (NYSC) is to empower

I am happy to say that this new training material in Professional Cookery

At NYSC we are fortunate to have excellent kitchen training facilities at our

Chefs guild of lanka

Gerard Mendis Madhawa Weerabaddhana

To Whom It May Concern,

We hope trainees and trainers can enjoy using these materials.

Gerard Mendis Madhawa Weerabaddhana

2 jk fldgi - wdydr iqrlaIs;;dj 37

3 jk fldgi - wmøjH l<ukdlrKh 75

4 jk fldgi - uq¿;ekaf.hs wdh;ksl jHqyhk 83

5 jk fldgi - ld, l<uKdlrKh 107

6 jk fldgi - uq¿;ekaf.hs WmlrK" fuj,ï iy WmlrK y÷kajd§u 117

7 jk fldgi - wdydr oekqu yd mqyqKqj 151

8 jk fldgi - wdydr msiSfï l%u 257

9 jk fldgi - Mise en Place 279

Resource Credits 300

PROFESSIONAL COOKERY SKILLS MANUAL

jeo.;au fya;= fol kï(

1' fiajl j.lSu

mqoa.,sl iy fmdÿ ikSmdrlaIdj jeo.;a jkafka wehs@

wdidokh$wmú;% ùu hkq l=ulao@

wdidokh$wmú;% ùu hkq ydkslr nelaàßhd fyda wxY= me;sÍuhs'

wdidokh me;srSu hkq l=ulao@

my; j.=j n,kak(

wdidokh ùfï wdldrh WodyrK isÿúh yels foa

Microbiological nelaàßhd" ffjria" È,Sr iy mqia' laIqøÔù me;srSu frda.j,g fya;= úh

Chemical (ridhksl) m<sfndaOkdYl" j,a kdYl" ÿïfld<" ridhksl wdid;añl;djh wikSm $

wdydr yeisrùug fmr Tn hful= iuÕ w;g w; fok úg'

^wdidokh - wdydr iqrlaIs;;dj iy msßisÿ lsÍfï wxY ms<sn| f;dr;=re o n,kak&

2' ÿ¾j, ikSmdrlaIl l%shdldrlïj, n,mEu

wdydr úIùu ^urKh" ÿla fõokd" krl kduh&

A. Tfíu ikSmdrlaIdj" fi!LHh iy wdrlaIdj .ek ie,ls,su;a jkak'

A: Tfí fi!LHdrlaIdj" fi!LHh yd wdrlaIdj .ek ie,ls,su;a jkak'

fldKavh fidaokak' oq.kaOh yd Wl=Kka fndaùu j<lajhs'

/jq, lmkak' flia wdydr j,g jeàu j<lajhs'

Tfí ysiflia mSrkak' .ejqKq ysiflia bj;a lrhs'

kshfmd;= flá yd msßisÿj ;nd .kak' kshfmd;= hg wmsßisÿ ùu yd nelaàßhd tl;= ùu

uq¿;ekaf.hs wdjrK m<¢kak' wk;=re j<lajhs'

Tfí w;a fidaokak' wdidokh j<lajhs'

Tfí w;a fidaod .kafka flfiao iy l=ukúg oehs oek .kak'

jev wdrïN lsÍug fmr

w;a fiaÈh hq;= wdldrh(

1) jvd;a WKqiqï $ WKq j;=frka w;a f;;a lrkak

w;a fiaÿï ia:dkj, my; foa ;sìh hq;=h(

fiajd fhdaclhkaf.a ld¾hNdrh

/lshd ia:dkfha yeisÍï

fiajd ia:dkh jgd .uka lrk úg my; foa lrkak(

Tfí uq¿;ekaf.hs ks, we÷u w¢kak