The document provides a comprehensive guide on the comparison of adjectives, detailing the formation of comparative and superlative forms for one-syllable and two-syllable adjectives, as well as irregular adjectives. It also explains different structures for expressing superiority, inferiority, and equality in comparisons, along with special cases and phrases for comparative expressions. Additionally, it includes notes on meaning differences and the use of conjunctions like 'as if' and 'as though' in comparative contexts.
The document provides a comprehensive guide on the comparison of adjectives, detailing the formation of comparative and superlative forms for one-syllable and two-syllable adjectives, as well as irregular adjectives. It also explains different structures for expressing superiority, inferiority, and equality in comparisons, along with special cases and phrases for comparative expressions. Additionally, it includes notes on meaning differences and the use of conjunctions like 'as if' and 'as though' in comparative contexts.
The document provides a comprehensive guide on the comparison of adjectives, detailing the formation of comparative and superlative forms for one-syllable and two-syllable adjectives, as well as irregular adjectives. It also explains different structures for expressing superiority, inferiority, and equality in comparisons, along with special cases and phrases for comparative expressions. Additionally, it includes notes on meaning differences and the use of conjunctions like 'as if' and 'as though' in comparative contexts.
The document provides a comprehensive guide on the comparison of adjectives, detailing the formation of comparative and superlative forms for one-syllable and two-syllable adjectives, as well as irregular adjectives. It also explains different structures for expressing superiority, inferiority, and equality in comparisons, along with special cases and phrases for comparative expressions. Additionally, it includes notes on meaning differences and the use of conjunctions like 'as if' and 'as though' in comparative contexts.
2 - 2) Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -er
positive comparative superlative
clever cleverer cleverest 2 - 3) Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -le
positive comparative superlative
simple simpler simplest
2 - 4) Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -ow
positive comparative superlative
narrow narrower narrowest
3) Spelling of the adjectives using the endings -er/-est
positive comparative superlative comment
large larger largest leave out the silent -e big bigger biggest Double the consonant after short vowel sad sadder saddest dirty dirtier dirtiest Change -y to -i (consonant before -y) Here -y is not changed to -i. shy shyer shyest (although consonant before -y)
B/ more – the most
positive comparative superlative
difficult more difficult the most difficult
All adjectives with more than one syllable (except some adjectives with two syllables - see 2 - 1 to 2 - 4) C/ Irregular adjectives positive comparative superlative comment good better best bad worse worst much more most uncountable nouns many more most countable nouns little less least little smaller smallest
D/ Special adjectives Some adjectives have two possible forms of comparison (-er/est and more/most).
positive comparative superlative
clever cleverer / more clever cleverest / most clever common commoner / more common commonest / most common likely likelier / more likely likeliest / most likely pleasant pleasanter / more pleasant pleasantest / most pleasant polite politer / more polite politest / most polite quiet quieter / more quiet quietest / most quiet simple simpler / more simple simplest / most simple stupid stupider / more stupid stupidest / most stupid subtle subtler / more subtle subtlest / most subtle sure surer / more sure surest / most sure
E/ Difference in meaning positive comparative superlative comment farther farthest distance far distance or further furthest time older oldest people and things old elder eldest people (family) Frases EL COMPARATIVO DE SUPERIORIDAD
más … que … adjetivo comparativo + than (no that)
April was warm, but May was warmer. You sing better than me / I (do)
DE INFERIORIDAD
menos … que … less + adjetivo + than
Peter is less tall than Max. This car is less expensive than yours.
DE IGUALDAD
tan … como as + adjetivo + as / not as/so + adjetivo + as
Alice is as intelligent as you. Mike’s car is not so fast as Karens’s.
EL SUPERLATIVO:
DE SUPERIORIDAD
el más … de … the + adjetivo superlativo + in
DE INFERIORIDAD
el menos … de … the least + adjetivo + in
She’s the least serious. He’s the least hard-working in the class.*
* No se emplea of sino in, sin embargo se dice of all o of all my life cuando es el superlativo absoluto: You’re the nicest of all.
OTRAS FORMAS DE COMPARACIÓN
. COMPARACIÓN PARALELA
cuanto más …. más the + comparativo ..., the + comparativo
… The sooner, the better. Cuanto antes mejor. The more I study, the less I remember. Cuanto más studio, menos recuerdo . COMPARACIÓN PROGRESIVA
cada vez más comparativo + and + comparativo
I was getting more and more nervous. Me estaba poniendo cada vez más nervioso. As the people saw the danger, they shouted louder and louder. Cuando la gente vio el peligro, gritó más y más fuerte.
. AS IF / AS THOUGH
Estas conjunciones significan 'como si' y pueden ir detrás de verbos como feel, smell, look, act, sound, talk para expresar cómo es una situación. He talked as if I as though he was tired. Hablaba como si estuviera cansada.
Detrás de estas conjunciones podemos emplear el pasado simple, con significado presente, si nos referimos a una situación irreal. He looks as if he was a stranger. Mira como si fuera un extraño. This music sounds as if it was a waltz. Esta música suena como si fuera un vals.
Nota: En los dos ejemplos anteriores was puede sustituirse por were en un contexto más formal.
