The document contains revision sheet answers for Grade 11 General Chemistry, focusing on multiple choice questions and true/false statements related to acids and bases. It includes explanations of acid-base reactions, dissociation constants, and the relationship between acid/base strength and electrical conductivity. Additionally, it clarifies concepts such as the Arrhenius theory and the characteristics of strong and weak acids and bases.
The document contains revision sheet answers for Grade 11 General Chemistry, focusing on multiple choice questions and true/false statements related to acids and bases. It includes explanations of acid-base reactions, dissociation constants, and the relationship between acid/base strength and electrical conductivity. Additionally, it clarifies concepts such as the Arrhenius theory and the characteristics of strong and weak acids and bases.
The document contains revision sheet answers for Grade 11 General Chemistry, focusing on multiple choice questions and true/false statements related to acids and bases. It includes explanations of acid-base reactions, dissociation constants, and the relationship between acid/base strength and electrical conductivity. Additionally, it clarifies concepts such as the Arrhenius theory and the characteristics of strong and weak acids and bases.
The document contains revision sheet answers for Grade 11 General Chemistry, focusing on multiple choice questions and true/false statements related to acids and bases. It includes explanations of acid-base reactions, dissociation constants, and the relationship between acid/base strength and electrical conductivity. Additionally, it clarifies concepts such as the Arrhenius theory and the characteristics of strong and weak acids and bases.
1. Which ion is present in larger amounts in an acidic solution?
a. Sodium ions (Na⁺) b. Hydroxide ions (OH⁻) c. Hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) d. Chloride ions (Cl⁻)
2. Identify the weak acid from the options below.
a. Nitric acid (HNO₃) b. Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) c. Acetic acid (CH₃COOH) d. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
3. If a solution feels slippery and turns litmus paper blue, it is most likely: a. Basic b. Acidic c. Neutral d. Amphoteric
4. According to the Arrhenius theory, which of the following describes an acid?
a. Accepts hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in water b. Donates hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in water c. Accepts protons (H⁺) in water d. Donates protons (H⁺) in water
5. Which of the following best describes the strength of an acid or base?
a. Its concentration b. How much it ionizes in water c. Its reactivity d. Its volume 6. Choose the strong base from the list below. a. Ammonia (NH₃) b. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) c. Acetic acid (CH₃COOH) d. Water (H₂O)
7. Which property is a characteristic of acids?
a. Feels slippery b. Tastes bitter c. Turns litmus paper blue d. Reacts with bases to form salts and water
8. A solution that contains a higher concentration of hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) will:
a. Turn litmus paper blue b. Be acidic c. Be neutral d. Feel slippery
True or False Statements:
1. Acids donate protons, while bases accept protons.
True
2. Strong acids completely ionize in water, while weak acids only partially ionize. True
3. In the reaction HCl + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + Cl⁻, HCl acts as a Brønsted-Lowry acid, and H₂O is a Brønsted-Lowry base. True
4. According to the Brønsted-Lowry definition, a substance that donates a proton becomes
This reaction shows a base (NH₂⁻) accepting a proton from water and forming its conjugate acid (NH₃) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻). Therefore, we would write a Kb expression (base dissociation constant):
([𝑁𝐻₃][𝑂𝐻⁻]) Kb = [𝑁𝐻₂⁻]
b) CH₃COOH(aq) ⇌ H⁺(aq) + CH₃COO⁻(aq)
This reaction shows an acid (CH₃COOH) donating a proton to form its conjugate base (CH₃COO⁻) and hydronium ions (H⁺). Therefore, we would write a Ka expression (acid dissociation constant):
([H⁺][CH₃COO⁻]) Ka = 𝐂𝐇₃𝐂𝐎𝐎𝐇
c) Reaction: HClO(aq) ⇌ H⁺(aq) + ClO⁻(aq) ([𝐻⁺][𝐶𝑙𝑂⁻]) Ka Expression: Ka = [𝐻𝐶𝑙𝑂] 1) Why NH₃ is not considered an Arrhenius base:
The Arrhenius theory defines a base as a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in an aqueous solution.
While it's true that adding ammonia (NH₃) to water does result in an increase in OH⁻ concentration, it doesn't do so directly.
2) Relationship between acid/base strength and electrical conductivity:
The strength of an acid or base directly relates to its ability to conduct electricity in an aqueous solution. Here's how:
• Strong acids and bases: Strong acids and bases completely ionize (dissociate) in water, forming a high concentration of ions. These ions are charge carriers, allowing the solution to conduct electricity effectively.
• Weak acids and bases: Weak acids and bases only partially ionize in water, resulting in a lower concentration of ions compared to strong acids/bases of the same concentration.
Because there are fewer charge carriers, the solution will conduct electricity, but not as efficiently as a strong acid or base solution.
