U118ME302LM1
U118ME302LM1
AND MACHINERY
Prepared by
D.Dinesh ,
AP(Sr.Grade) ,
Dept.Mechanical Engineering ,
Bannari Amman Institute of
Technology ,Sathy
EVOCATION
BROAD ASPECTS OF FLUID MECHANICS
• How do insect Fly?
• How should design the shape of the car to minimize the wind
resistance?
• How does the blood flow?
• How does the human heart act like a pump?
• How are the nutrients supplied from the groundwater into tall
branches of a tree against gravity?
• How does the birds fly in air ?
• How the ocean currents are formed?
• What are the factors that influence sports ball (Golf or cricket
ball) dynamics?
General Objective
• Students are able to understand the term fluid
mechanics and the basic properties of fluid.
Specific Objective
SO1 : Recognize the term Fluid Mechanics and its uses
in real world situations
SO 2:Discuss the basic five Properties of fluid.
SO 3 : Indicate the effect of temperature and pressure
on the Properties of fluid.
SO4: Assess the properties of fluid for the given
applications.
SO1 : Recognize the term Fluid Mechanics and its uses
in real world situations
INTRODUCTION
Mechanics: The oldest physical science that
deals with both stationary and moving
bodies under the influence of forces.
Statics: The branch of mechanics that
deals with bodies at rest.
Dynamics: The branch that deals with
bodies in motion.
Fluid mechanics: The science that deals
with the behavior of fluids at rest (fluid
statics) or in motion (fluid dynamics), and
the interaction of fluids with solids or other
fluids at the boundaries.
Fluid mechanics deals with liquids
and gases in motion or at rest.
Fluid mechanics itself is also divided into several categories.
A gas expands until it encounters the walls of the container and fills the entire
available space. This is because the gas molecules are widely spaced, and the
cohesive forces between them are very small. Unlike liquids, a gas in an open
container cannot form a free surface.
Intermolecular bonds are strongest in solids and weakest in gases.
Solid: The molecules in a solid are arranged in a pattern that is repeated
throughout.
Liquid: In liquids molecules can rotate and translate freely.
Gas: In the gas phase, the molecules are far apart from each other, and molecular
ordering is nonexistent.
The arrangement of atoms in different phases: (a) molecules are at relatively fixed
positions in a solid, (b) groups of molecules move about each other in the liquid
phase, and (c) individual molecules move about at random in the gas phase.
Differences between liquid and gases
No slip Condition
No slip Condition
Application area in Fluid mechanics
Mechanics of fluids is extremely important in many areas of engineering and
science. Examples are:
Biomechanics
• Blood flow through arteries and veins
• Airflow in the lungs
• Flow of cerebral fluid.
Households
• Piping systems for cold water, natural gas, and sewage
• Piping and ducting network of heating and air conditioning systems
• refrigerator, vacuum cleaner, dish washer, washing machine, water meter,
natural gas meter, air conditioner,radiator, etc.
Meteorology and Ocean Engineering
• Movements of air currents and water currents
Application area in Fluid mechanics
Mechanical Engineering
• Design of pumps, turbines, air-conditioning equipment, pollution-control
equipment, etc.
• Design and analysis of aircraft, boats, submarines, rockets, jet engines,
wind turbines, biomedical devices, the cooling of electronic components,
and the transportation of water, crude oil, and natural gas.
Civil Engineering
• Transport of river sediments
• Pollution of air and water
• Design of piping systems
• Flood control systems
Chemical Engineering
• Design of chemical processing equipment
Fluid as coolants
An intensive property is one that does not depend on the mass of the substance or
system.
Temperature (T), pressure (P) and density (r) are examples of intensive properties.