SELF-LEARNING MODULE

GRADE 8
QUARTER 3

WEEK 8
HEALTH

MOST A. Analyzes the nature of emerging and re - emerging diseases (H8DD -IIId - e -20)
(Week 4-5)
ESSENTIAL
B. Demonstrates self - monitoring skills to prevent communicable diseases (H8DD -IIIf - h -
LEARNING
21); promotes programs and policies to prevent and control communicable diseases
(H8DD -IIIf - h -22); identifies agencies responsible for communicable disease prevention
COMPETENCIES
and control (H8DD -IIIf - h -23) (Week 6-8)

TOPICS 1. Re-Emerging Diseases (Foot and Mouth Disease, Avian Influenza & AH1N1 Influenza)
2. Development of Personal Life Skills to Prevent and Control Communicable
Diseases
3. Agencies Responsible for Communicable Disease Prevention and Control

EXPECTATION

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

a) analyze the nature of re-emerging diseases;

b) discuss the different re-emerging diseases;

c) identify various methods of avoiding and managing communicable diseases;

d) cite programs and policies to prevent and control communicable diseases;

e) demonstrate self-monitoring skills to prevent and control communicable

diseases during adolescence ; and,

f) demonstrate healthful practices in order to prevent and control

communicable diseases.

1
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Re-Emerging Diseases (Foot and Mouth Disease, Avian Influenza & AH1N1 Influenza)

Re-emerging diseases are old diseases which are previously controlled but once again have risen
to be a significant health problem. These are diseases that were once major health problems
globally or in a particular country, and then declined dramatically, but are again becoming
health problems for a significant proportion of the population.

This term also refers to that diseases which was formerly confined to one geographic area, has
now spread to other areas.

A.) Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)

Highly contagious viral disease which affects all cloven footed animals (cattle, buffaloes,
sheep, goats, deer, yak, bison etc.)

Symptoms:
The disease is characterized by development of vesicle (blisters-like lesions) in the
mouth and feet, excessive salivation and lameness.
MODE OF TRANSMISSION:
Direct animal to animal contact. Through aerosols. Under suitable conditions of
temperature and humidity; the virus can spread to other areas at more than 70 km
distance with blowing wind. Contaminated farm equipment, tools, utensils, vehicles,
clothing, shoes. Through contaminated feed and water. Through people (farm
personnel, attendants, milkers, and visitors). Contaminated uncooked food of animal
origin containing infected animals. Also, Through semen from infected animals.
PREVENTION:
Vaccination of FMD vaccine that is serotype and subtype specific which provides
temporary immunity, so the susceptible animals should be vaccinated frequently. All
new animals should be quarantined and vaccinated against FMD before introducing
them to the livestock farm. Prohibit the entry of live animals, semen embryos, animal by-
products, including feed from areas of FMD outbreaks. Wash hands, shoes, vehicles,
etc. with disinfectants before entering and leaving the infected farms. In case of
outbreak of FMD, immediately report to the authority.

B.) AVIAN INFLUENZA (H5N1)

Avian influenza refers to the disease caused by infection with avian (bird)
influenza (flu) Type A viruses. These viruses occur naturally among wild aquatic birds
worldwide and can infect domestic poultry and other bird and animal species. Infected
birds shed avian influenza virus in their saliva, mucous and feces. Avian flu viruses do not
normally infect humans. However, sporadic human infections with avian flu viruses have
occurred.
SYMPTOMS:
Persistent fever, lymphopenia, severe pneumonia or ARDS, exposure to sick poultry,
exposure to affected areas or persons (clustering may be an emergency).
MODE OF TRANSMISSION:
Human infections with bird flu viruses can happen when enough virus gets into a person’s
eyes, nose or mouth, or is inhaled. This can happen when virus is in the air (in droplets or possibly
dust) and a person breathes it in, or when a person touches something that has virus on it then
touches their mouth, eyes or nose. Person to person.
PREVENTION AND CONTROL:
*Protective actions around birds
*As a general precaution, people should avoid wild birds and observe them only from a
distance
*Avoid contact with domestic birds (poultry) that appear ill or have died
*Avoid contact with surfaces that appear to be contaminated with feces from wild or
domestic birds

2
C.) AH1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu)
Swine influenza (also known as swine flu or pig flu) is a highly contagious respiratory
disease that occurs in pigs that is caused by the Influenza A virus. Influenza viruses that are
normally found in swine are known as swine influenza viruses (SIVs). The known SIV strains include
influenza C and the subtypes of influenza A known as H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2 and H2N3. Pigs
can also become infected with the H4N6 and H9N2 subtypes.

SYMPTOMS:
The signs and symptoms of H1N1 flu are similar to those of infections caused by
other flu strains and can include:
• Fever, but not always, chills, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, watery red eyes,
body aches, headaches
MODE OF TRANSMISSION:
Transmission of swine influenza viruses to humans is uncommon however the virus can be
transmitted to humans via contact with infected pigs or environments contaminated with swine
influenza viruses. Once a human becomes infected, then spreads the virus to other humans, in
the same way as seasonal influenza spread.
PREVENTION AND CONTROL:
Treatment is largely supportive and consists of bedrest, increased fluid consumption, cough
suppressants, and antipyretics and analgesics (eg, acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs) for fever and myalgias. Severe cases may require intravenous hydration
and other supportive measures. Antiviral agents may also be considered for treatment or
prophylaxis (see Medication).
Patients should be encouraged to stay home if they become ill, to avoid close contact with
people who are sick, to wash their hands often, and to avoid touching their eyes, nose, and
mouth. The CDC recommends the following actions when human infection with H1N1 influenza
(swine flu) is confirmed in a community.

Development of Personal life Skills to Prevent and Control Communicable

Diseases
Healthy personal practices protect you away from viruses and prevent you from
transmitting infectious diseases. There are a variety of ways that you need to adopt and
learn to keep you from contracting diseases.

➢ Wash your hands regularly.

➢ Avoid sharing personal belongings.
➢ Stay and rest at home when sick.
➢ Handle and prepare foods hygienically.
➢ Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze.
➢ Avoid touching animals that may bring diseases.
➢ Make sure you get vaccinated.
➢ Properly disinfect and clean surfaces like toilet bowls, sinks, etc.

WELCOME TO WASH CAMP

Prevention and control of communicable diseases may start from each

individual person. But to be more effective and for a larger scale, the government
is also implementing programs and policies for the prevention and control of
communicable diseases. The community’s health is a concern effort of all
stakeholders.

3
Agencies responsible for communicable disease prevention and control
There is a very popular saying “Prevention is better than cure.” As you go
along, you will notice that the diseases you are experiencing or encountering can
be prevented if you if yo only know how to control them. Accordingly, if you lack
self-discipline, then prevention and control of diseases will be difficult to attain.

One thing is sure after learning from this unit, you will be challenged to
become a catalyst for the control and prevention of communicable diseases.
Start with yourself, family, neighbor, community, and extend it to the nation. You
just need to consistently demonstrate personal responsibility and healthful
practices in order to prevent and control communicable diseases.

Our target is to let this knowledge be seen in your actions, words and way
of life. This is the best legacy you can contribute not only to you and your family
but to the whole nation.

ACTIVITY 1

ACTIVITY A: Let’s Save The World

Objective: Discuss the different types of re-emerging diseases.

Directions: Complete the table below by filling in the information needed. Discuss how a person
can acquire the three types of re-emerging diseases, the symptoms, mode of transmission and
how you can prevent it.

Re- Emerging Disease Symptom Mode of Transmission Prevention and

Control

Foot and Mouth Disease

(FMD)

4
AVIAN INFLUENZA
(H5N1)

AH1N1 Influenza (Swine

Flu)

5
 Guide question:

As a teenager, how can you contribute in preventing and control of re-emerging diseases?

-
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 2

Comic Making
Materials:

➢ Oslo paper, bond paper or any available paper

➢ Pencil
➢ Pentel pen
➢ Any available coloring materials

Direction:

➢ Create a comic demonstrating your personal life skills to avoid and control
communicable diseases.

RUBRIC

CATEGORY POOR – 1 PT. FAIR – 2 PTS. GOOD – 3 PTS. EXCELLENT – 4

PTS.

Choice of Shows some events Shows most Shows most of the Shows events that
Scenes related to the story, important events important related to are relevant and
but information is related to story, the story, however reasonably
incomplete or highlights there is at least one accurate as a
focused on less unimportant discrepancy/conflict sequel to the novel
important points. points. with the original

Captions Captions do not Captions are Captions are related Captions are
relate well to the related to the to the scenes and related to the
scenes. There seems scenes and the the story, and most scenes and the
to be no connection story, but the connections are story, and the
or connections are connections are easy to understand. connections are
very general. less obvious. easy to
understand.

Spelling, There are more than 5 There are 4-5 There are 1-3 spelling, There are no
Punctuation, spelling, punctuation, spelling, punctuation, or spelling,
and and grammar errors. punctuation, and grammar errors. punctuation, or
Grammar grammar errors. grammar errors.

6
Artwork No pictures or little Some pictures Most boxes are neat All boxes are
detail. show detail, but with some detail in all complete.
detail is scenes. Excellent detail in
inconsistent all scenes.

Frames The comic only has 1 The comic only The comic only has 3- The comic has at
frame. has 2 frames. 4 frames. least the 6
required frames.

ACTIVITY 3
ACTIVITY A: SELF-MONITORING RECORD

I always do these, or I never do these: Here’s a checklist of ways to prevent

the spread of diseases. Put a check on the column that describes your self-
monitoring skills and habits.

Self-Monitoring Record

Things to do Always Sometimes Never

I use my own personal things.

I use my own spoon, fork, and drinking bottle when I am in school

I wash my hands often

I wear clean clothes

I cover my nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing

I stay home when I am sick

I exercise proper handling of my pet

I visit my doctor for my health state

ACTIVITY 2: CoVid-19 Updates

Make a 30-second video presentation while acting as one of the head of

the chosen agencies from above, giving update on the present condition
regarding the CoVid-19.

The Inter-Agency Task Force on Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF-EID, or

simply the IATF) is a task force organized by the executive of the Philippine
government to respond to affairs concerning emerging infectious
diseases in the Philippines.

7
 The Department of Health (DOH) is the one directly in-charge of the
prevention and control of diseases.

The World Health Organization (WHO) is the directing and coordinating

authority for matters concerning the health of recipients within the United
Nations System.

The United Nation’s Children Fund (UNICEF) is an organization that

protects and defends the rights of every child all over the world.

The Department of Education (DepEd) supervises all elementary and

secondary education institutions including alternative learning system,
both public and private; and provides for the establishment and
maintenance of a complete adequate, and integrated system of basic
education relevant to the goals of national development.

Other partner agencies of the DOH:

Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth)
Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Animal Industry (DA-BAI)

Rubric

CATEGORY 4 pts 3 pts 2 pts 1 pt

Accuracy All information Almost all Most of the Very little of the
appeared to information information information
be accurate appeared to was accurate was accurate
and in be accurate and in and/or in
chronological and in chronological chronological
order. chronological order. order.
order.
Role Point-of-view, Point-of-view, Point-of-view, Point-of-view,
arguments, arguments, arguments, arguments,
and solutions and solutions and solutions and solutions
proposed were proposed were proposed were proposed were
consistently in often in sometimes in rarely in
character. character. character. character.
Knowledge Can clearly Can clearly Can clearly Cannot explain
Gained explain several explain several explain one one way in
ways in which ways in which way in which which his
his character his character his character character
\"saw\" things \"saw\" things \"saw\" things \"saw\" things
differently than differently than differently than differently than
other other other other
characters and characters. characters. characters.
can clearly
explain why.
Required Student Student Student Student
Elements included more included all included most included less
information information information information

8
 than was that was that was than was
required. required. required. required.
Props/Costume Student uses Student uses 1- Student uses 1- The student
several props 2 props that 2 props which uses no props
(could include accurately fit make the OR the props
costume) that the period and presentation chosen to
accurately fit make the better. detract from
the period, presentation the
show better. presentation.
considerable
work/creativity
and make the
presentation
better.

REMEMBER
Keep in mind the following terms in order for you to understand the lesson.

• The true prevalence of many diseases is not known. Since we live in a global village
we cannot afford to be complacent about the tremendous economic, social and
public health burden of these diseases. Effective surveillance is the key to their
early containment.
*There is a need to develop an epidemiology improved diagnostic facilities, a
strong public health structure, effective risk communication, epidemic
preparedness and rapid response.

Welcome to WASH CAMP:

Wash your hands regularly.

Avoid sharing personal belongings.
Stay and rest at home when sick.
Handle and prepare foods hygienically.

Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze.

Avoid touching animals that may bring diseases.
Make sure you get vaccinated.
Properly disinfect and clean surfaces like toilet bowls, sinks, etc.

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROL

1. It takes community effort to ensure the healthy well-being of its constituents.

2. There are a variety of programs and policies in operation geared toward improving
individual and community health
3. There are many factors that can make a healthy and safe community. Such a
community is a haven for living, learning, working, and playing.
4. Being healthy is a personal responsibility. To be healthy is a choice.
5. Self-monitoring is the process of observing one’s behavior and evaluating it in relation
to one’s goals.

9
 Disease prevention and control is a very important health concern because
it affects the quality of people’s lives. Communicable diseases not only threaten
the sick person but also his/her family and the society in general. Thus, protecting
ourselves and our families from diseases is both personal and social responsibility.

This material will introduce you to the nature of communicable diseases

and their prevention and management. You will discover that the spread of
communicable diseases threatens the populace, so each one must understand
how to prevent their spread and learn how to manage them.

CHECK YOUR
UNDERSTANDING
Before I move on to the next module, I will assure you that…

I understand…
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

I will apply for the lesson in…

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

I will practice…

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

10