CLASS – X

Most Important Questions

REAL NUMBERS
1. Prove that √3 is an irrational number.

2. Given that √3 is an irrational number, prove that 5 - 2√3 is irrational.

3. The traffic lights at three different road crossing change after every 48 seconds, 72
seconds and 108 seconds respectively. If they change together at 7:00 a.m., at what time
will they change together next ?

4. If HCF of 65 and 117 is expressible in the form 65n – 117, then find the value of n.
5. Check whether 6n can end with the digit 0 for any natural number n.
6. Find the largest number which on dividing 1251, 9377 and 15628 leaves remainders 1, 2
and 3 respectively.

POLYNOMIALS
1. If one of its zeroes of the quadratic polynomial (k – 1)x2 + kx + 1 is – 3, then find the value
k.
2. If 1 is zero of the polynomial p(x) = ax2 – 3(a – 1) x – 1, then find the value of a?

3. Find the zeroes of the following quadratic polynomials and verify the relationship
between the zeroes and coefficients of the polynomials :

i. p(x) = x2 + 6x – 11
7 3
ii. p(x) = 2x2 + 2 x + 4

4. If a and b are zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2 - x – 6, then find the values of :
i. a + b ii. a – b iii. a2 + b2
1 1 𝑎 𝑏 1 1
iv. 𝑎 + 𝑏 v. 𝑏 + 𝑎 vi. 2𝑎 + 2𝑏

vii. a2 + b2 – ab viii. a2b + ab2

5. Find the value of k such that the polynomial x2 – (k + 6)x + 2(2k – 1) has sum of its zeroes
equal to half of their products.

6. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial 2x2 – 3x + p is 3, find its other zero. Also find the
value of p.
2
7. If and - 3 are zeroes of the polynomial ax2 + 7x + b, then find the values of a and b.
3
7
8. Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 3 and - 5 .
 7 1
9. Find quadratic polynomial whose sum and product of zeroes are 6 and - 2 .

PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

1. Find the value(s) of k for which the following pairs of linear equations will have infinitely
many solutions :
i. kx + 3y – (k – 3) = 0 and 12x + ky – k = 0
ii. x + (k + 1)y = 5 and (k + 1)x + 9y = 8k – 1
2. The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls for Rs 11400. Next day, he buys 3 bats
and 5 balls for Rs 5250. Find the cost of each bat and each ball.
3. The taxi charges in a city comprise of fixed charges together with the charge for the
distance covered. For a journey of 13 km, the charges paid is Rs 258 and for a journey of 22
km, the charges paid is Rs 420. What will a person have to pay for travellling a distance of
30km ?
4. The present age of a father is three years more than three times the age of his son. Three
years hence the father’s age will be 10 years more than twice the age of the son. Determine
their present ages.
5. Five years hence, the age of Jacob will be three times that of his son. Five years ago,
Jacob’s was seven times that of his son. What are their present ages ?
6. For which values of p and q, will the following pair of linear equations have infinitely
many solutions ?
4x + 5y = 2 and (2p + 7q)x + (p + 8q)y = 2q - p + 1
7. The age of the father is three times the sum of ages of his two children. After 5 years, his
age will be two times the sum of the ages of his children. Find the present age of the father.
8. The sum of a two digit number and the number obtained by inter changing the digits is
132. If the two digits differ by 2, find the number.
9. Two numbers are in the ratio 5 : 6. If 7 is subtracted from each of the numbers, the ratio
becomes 4 : 5. Find the numbers.

10. A fraction becomes 1/3 when 2 is subtracted from the numerator and it becomes 1/2
when 1 is subtracted from the denominator. Find the fraction.

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
1. Find the value of k for which the roots of the equation 3x2 – 10x + k = 0 are reciprocal of
each other.
2. Solve the following equations :
1 1 11
i. - = , x ≠ - 4, 7
𝑥+4 𝑥−7 30
 1 1 2
ii. (𝑥−1)(𝑥−2) + = , x ≠ 1, 2, 3
(𝑥−2)(𝑥−3) 3

iii. √6𝑥 + 7 – (2x – 7) = 0

iv. √3x2 + 10x + 7√3 = 0

v. x2 + 2√2 x – 6 = 0
3. Find the values of k so that the equation (k + 4)x2 + (k + 1)x + 1 = 0 has equal roots.
4. Find the value of p for which the quadratic equation (p + 1)x2 – 6(p + 1)x + 3(p + 9) = 0 has
equal roots. Hence, find the roots of the equation.
5. If the equation (1 + m2) x2 + 2mcx + (c2 – a2) = 0 has equal roots, prove that c2 = a2(1 + m2).

6. Find the value of m for which the quadratic equation (m – 1)x2 + 2(m – 1)x + 1 = 0 has
equal roots.
7. Find the value(s) of ‘p’ for which the quadratic equation p(x – 4)(x – 2) + (x – 1)2 = 0 has
real and equal roots.
8. If the quadratic equation (1 + a2)x2 + 2abx + (b2 – c2) = 0 has equal and real roots, prove
that b2 = c2(1 + a2).
9. The difference of squares of two numbers is 180. The square of the smaller number is 8
times the larger number. Find the two numbers.
10. The sum of the reciprocals of Rehman's age (in years) 3 years ago and 5 years from now
is 1/3. Find his present age.
11. A train travelling at a uniform speed for 360 km, would have taken 48 minutes less to
travel the same distance if its speed were 5 km/hour more. Find the original speed of the
train.
12. In a flight of 600 km, an aircraft was slowed due to bad weather. Its average speed for
the trip was reduced by 200 km/hour and the time of flight was increased by 30 minutes.
Find the original duration of the flight.
13. A motor boat whose speed is 18 km/hour in still water takes 1 hour more to go 24 km
upsteam than to return to the same spot. Find the speed of the steam.
14. A two digit number is such that the product of its digits is 14. If 45 is added to the
number, the digits interchanges their places. Find the number.

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
1. Which term of the AP: 3, 15, 27, 39,…… will be 120 more than its 21st term?
2. In an AP, the pth term is 1/q and the qth term is 1/p. Find the (pq)th term.

3. Find a, b and c such that the following numbers are in AP; a, 7, b, 23, c.
4. The sum of three numbers in an AP is 18. If the product of the first and the third numbers
is 5 times the common difference, find the three number.
5. If the sum of first 7 terms of an AP is 49 and that of first 17 terms is 289, find the sum of
first n terms.
6. If the sum of first m terms of an AP is same as the sum of its first n terms(m ≠ n), show
that the sum of its first (m + n) terms is zero.
7. In an AP, if Sn = n(4n + 1), find the AP.
8. Find the sum of all multiples of 8 lying between 201 and 950.

9. The sum of first 30 terms of an AP is 1920. If the fourth term is 18, find the 11th term.
10. Find the sum of first 25 terms of an AP whose nth term is given by an = 5 - 2n.
11. In an AP, the sum of its first n terms is 6n – n2. Find its 25th term.
12. If Sn, the sum of first n terms of an AP is given by Sn = 3n2 - 4n, find the nth term.

TRIANGLES
1. If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in
distinct points, then the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
𝐵𝐹 𝐵𝐸
2. In the adjoining figure, DE || AC and DF || AE. Prove that 𝐹𝐸 = 𝐸𝐶 .

𝐵𝐸 𝐵𝐶
3. In the adjoining figure, DE || AC and 𝐸𝐶 = 𝐶𝑃 . Prove that DC || AP.
4. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC and its diagonals intersect each other at O. Using
𝐴𝑂 𝐶𝑂
Basic Proportionality theorem, prove that = .
𝐵𝑂 𝐷𝑂

5. Sides AB, BC and median AD of a triangle ABC are respectively proportional to the sides
PQ, QR and median PM of another triangle PQR. Show that ∆ ABC ~∆ PQR.

COORDINATE GEOMETRY
1. Find a point on the y-axis which is equidistant from the points A(6, 5) and B(- 4, 3).

2. Find the value(s) of y for which the distance between the points A(3, - 1) and B(11, y) is 10
units.

3. Find a relation between x and y such that the point (x, y) is equidistant from the points
(3, 6) and (-3, 4).

4. If the point P(x, y) is equidistant from the points A(a + b, b – a) and B(a – b, a + b), prove
that bx = ay.
5. If the mid- point of the line segment joining the points A(3, 4) and B(k, 6) is P(x, y) and
x + y - 10 = 0, find the value of k.
6. Point P divides the line segment joining the points A(- 1, 3) and B(9, 8) such that AP : PB =
K : 1. If P lies on the line x - y + 2 = 0, find the value of k.
7. If points A and B are (- 2, - 2) and (2, - 4) respectively. find the coordinates of P such that
3
AP = 7 AB and P lies on the segment AB.

8. Find the ratio in which the line segment joining the points (-3, 10) and (6, - 8) is divided by
the point (- 1, 6).
9. Find the coordinates of a point A, where AB is a diameter of a circle whose centre is
(2, - 3) and B is (1, 4).
10. Find the ratio in which the y-axis divides the line segment joining the point (6, - 4) and
(- 2, - 7). Also find the point of intersection.

INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
1. In ∆ OPQ, right angled at P, OP = 7 cm and OQ - PQ = 1 cm. Determine the values of sin Q
and cos Q.
2. Find the values of the following:
i. sin 600 cos 300 + sin 300 cos 600
ii. 2 tan2 450 + cos2 300 – sin2 600
sin 30° + tan 45° − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 60°
iii. sec 30°+cos 60°+cot 45°
1 1
3. If sin (A - B) = 2 and cos (A + B) = 2 00 < A + B≤ 900 , A > B, find A and B.
1
4. If tan (A + B) = √3 and tan (A - B) = , 00 < A + B< 900 , A > B, find A and B.
√3

5. Prove the following identities:

1+sin 𝐴
i. √1−sin 𝐴 = sec A + tan A

1−cos 𝐴
ii. (cosec A - cot A)2 = 1+cos 𝐴

iii. tan4A + tan2A = sec4A – sec2A

iv. (sin A + cosec A)2 + (cos A + sec A)2 = 7 + tan2A + cot2A
tan 𝐴 cot 𝐴
v. 1−cot 𝐴 + 1−tan 𝐴 = 1 + sec A cosec A

6. If sin A + cos A = p and sec A + cosec A = q, then prove that q(p2 – 1) = 2p

7. If sec A + tan A = 7, then find sec A – tan A.

SOME APPLICATION OF TRIGONOMETRY

1. The angle of elevation of the top of a building from the foot of a tower is 300 and the
angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the foot of the building is 60 0 . If the tower is
50 m high, find the height of the building.
2. From a point on the ground, the angles of elevation of the bottom and the top of tower
fixed at the top of a 20 m high building are 450 and 600 respectively. Find the height of the
tower. (Use √3 = 1.732).
3. An aeroplane when flying at a height of 3125 m from the ground passes vertically below
another plane at an instant when the angles of elevation of the two planes from the same
point on the ground are 300 and 600 respectively. Find the distance between the two planes
at that instant.
4. A statue, 1.6 m tall, stands on the top of a pedestal. From a point on the ground, the
angle of elevation of the top of the statue is 600 and from the same point the angle of
elevation of the top of the pedestal is 450. Find the height of the pedestal.
5. A vertical tower stands on a horizontal plane and is surmounted by a vertical flag staff of
height h. At a point on the plane, the angles of elevation of the bottom and the top of the
ℎ𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼
flag staff are 𝛼 and 𝛽 respectively. Prove that the height of the tower is 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 .
6. A T.V. tower stands vertically on a bank of a canal. From a point on the other bank directly
opposite the tower, the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 600. From another point
20 m away from this point on the line joining this point to the foot of tower, the angle of
elevation of the top of the tower is 300 . Find the height of the tower and width of the canal.
7. A man in a boat rowing away from a lighthouse 100 m high takes 2 minute to change the
angle of elevation of the top of the lighthouse from 600 to 300 . Find the speed of the boat in
metres.
8. As observed from the top of a 100 m high lighthouse from the sea level, the angles of
depression of two ships are 30° and 450 . If one ship is exactly behind the other on the same
side of the lighthouse, find the distance between the two ships. (Use √3 = 1.732).

9. From the top of a tower 50 m high, a man observes two cars on the opposite sides of the
tower with angles of depression 300 and 450 respectively. Find the distance between the
cars.

(Use √3 = 1.732).
10. Two poles of equal heights are standing opposite each other on either side of the road
which is 80 m wide. From a point between them on the road, the angles of elevation of the
top of the poles are 60° and 300 , respectively. Find the heights of the poles and the distance
of the point from the poles.
11. The angles of depression of the top and bottom of a 50 m high building from the top of a
tower are 450 and 600 respectively. Find the height of the tower and the horizontal distance
between the tower and the building. (Use √3 = 1.73).
12. The angle of elevation of the top of a hill at the foot of a tower is 600 and the angle of
depression from the top of the tower of the foot of the hill is 300. If the tower is 50 m high,
find the height of the hill.
13. A straight highway leads to the foot of a tower. A man standing at the top of the tower
observes a car at an angle of depression of 300, which is approaching the foot of the tower
with a uniform speed. Ten seconds later, the angle of depression of the car is found to be
600 . Find the time taken by the car to reach the foot of the tower from this point.
14. A 1.2 m tall girl spots a balloon moving with the wind in a horizontal line at a height of
88.2 m from the ground. The angle of elevation of the balloon from the eyes of the girl at
that istant is 600 . After sometime, the angle of elevation reduces to 300 . Find the distance
travelled by the balloon during the interval.

CIRCLES
1. Two concentric circles are of radii 5 cm and 3 cm. Find the length of the chord of the
larger circle which touches the smaller circle.
2. The length of a tangent from a point A at distance 5 cm from the centre of a circle is 4 cm.
Find the radius of the circle.
3. From an external point P, tangents PA and PB to a circle with centre O. If PAB = 500,
then find AOB.

4. In the adjoining figure, XY and X’Y’ are two parallel tangents to a circle with centre O and
another tangent AB with point of contact C intersects XY at A and X’Y’ at B. Prove that
AOB = 900.

5. Prove that the opposite sides of a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle subtend

supplementary angles at the centre of the circle.
6. In adjoining figure PA and PB are tangents to the circle with the centre O such that
APB = 500 . Write the measure of OAB.

7. In the adjoining figure, the sides AB, BC and CA of ∆ ABC touch a circle with centre O and
radius r at P, Q and R respectively. Prove that
i. AB + CQ = AC + BQ
1
ii. Area (∆ ABC) = 2 (perimeter of ∆ ABC) × r
AREA RELATED TO CIRCLES
1. Find the area of the sector of a circle with radius 4 cm and of angle 300. Also, find the area
of the corresponding major sector (use 𝜋 = 3.14).

2. Area of a sector of a circle of radius 36 cm is 54𝜋 cm2 . Find the length of the
corresponding arc of the sector.

3. Find the area of the sector of a circle of radius 5 cm, if the corresponding arc length is 3.5
cm.

4. An umbrella has 8 ribs which are equally spaced (shown in the figure). Assuming the
umbrella to be a flat circle of radius 45 cm. Find the area between its two consecutive ribs.

5. A horse is tied to a peg at one corner of a square shaped grass field or side 15 m by means
of a 5 m long rope. Find:
i. the area of that part of the field in which the horse can graze.
ii. the increase in the grazing area if the rope was 10 m long instead of 5 m. (use 𝜋 = 3.14)
6. A chord of a circle of radius 10 cm subtends a right angle at the centre. Find the area of
the corresponding
i. minor segment ii. major segment (use 𝜋 = 3.14)
7. Find the area of the segment APB (shown in the adjoining figure), if the radius of the circle
is 21 cm and AOB = 1200 (Use 𝜋 = 22/7)
8.A round table cover (shown in the adjoining figure) has six equal designs. If the radius of
the cover is 28 cm, find the cost of making the designs at the rate of Rs 0.35 per cm2.
(Use √3 = 1.7).

9. In the adjoining figure, AB and CD are respectively arcs of two concentric circles with the
centre O of a radii 7 cm and 3.5 cm. If AOB = 300 , find the area of shaded region.

SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES

1. A vessel is in the form of hemispherical bowl surmounted by a hollow cylinder of same
diameter. The diameter of the hemispherical bowl is 14 cm and the total height of the vessel
is 13 cm. Find the total inner surface area of the vessel.
2. A tent is in the shape of a cylinder surmounted by a conical top. If the height and the
diameter of the cylinderical part are 2.1 m and 3 m respectively, and the slant height of the
top is 2.8 m, find the area of the canvas used for making the tent. Also, find the cost of the
canvas at the rate of Rs 500 per m2.
3. The adjoining figure shows a decorative block, which is made of two solids --- a cube and
a hemisphere. The base of block is a cube with edge 6 cm, and hemisphere fixed on the top
has a diameter 3.5 cm. Find the total surface area of the block.
4. From a solid cylinder of height 7 cm and base diameter 12 cm, a conical cavity of same
height and same base radius is hollowed out. Find the total surface area of the remaining
solid.
5. A wooden article was made by scooping out a hemisphere from each end of a solid
cylinder. If the height of the cylinder is 10 cm and its base is of radius 3.5 cm, find the total
surface area of the article.
6. A toy is in the shape of a solid cylinder surmounted by a conical top. If the height and the
diameter of the cylindrical part are 21 cm and 40 cm respectively, and the height of the
cone is 15 cm, then find the total surface area of the toy. (use 𝜋 = 3.14)
7. A student was asked to make a model shaped like a cylinder with two cones attached at
its end by using a thin aluminium sheet. The diameter of the model is 3 cm and its length is
12 cm. If each cone has a height of 2 cm, find the volume of air contained in the model.
8. A solid toy is in the form of a hemisphere surmounted by a right circular cone. The height
of the cone is 2 cm and the diameter of the base is 4 cm. Determine the volume of the toy. If
a circular cylinder circumscribes the toy (shown in figure), find the difference of the volumes
of the cylinder and the toy. (use 𝜋 = 3.14)
9. The curved surface area of a right circular cylinder is 176 cm2 and its volume is 1232 cm3.
What is the height of the cylinder?
10. A heap of rice is in the form of a cone of base diameter 24 m and height 3.5 m. Find the
volume of the rice. How much canvas cloth is required to just cover the heap?
11. From a solid circular cylinder with height 10 cm and the radius of base 6 cm, a right
circular cone of same height and same base radius is removed. Find the volume of the
remaining solid. (use 𝜋 = 3.14)
12. A solid is in the shape of a cone is standing on a hemisphere with both their radii being
equal to 7 cm and the height of cone is equal to its diameter. Find the volume of the solid.
13. A solid consisting of a right circular cone of height 120 cm and radius 60 cm surmounted
on a hemisphere of radius 60 cm is placed upright in a right circular cylinder full of water
such that it touches the bottom. Find the volume of the water left in the cylinder, if the
radius of the cylinder is 60 cm and its height is 180 cm.
STATISTICS
1. The mean of the following frequency distribution is 62.8. Find the missing frequency x.

2. Find mean, mode and median of following data.

3. Find the value of f from the following data if its mode is 65 :

4. A life insurance agent found the following data for the distribution of ages of 100 policy
holders. Calculate the median age, if policies are only given to persons having age 18 years
onwards but less than 60 years.

5. If the median of the following frequency distribution is 32.5. Find the values of f1 and f2.

6. Find the median for the following frequency distribution :

7. The median of the following data is 525. Find the values of x and y, if the total frequency
is 100.
PROBABILITY
1. A die is tossed once. Find the probability of getting
i. number 4 ii. a number greater than 4
iii. a number less than 4 iv. an even number
v. a number greater than 6 vi. a number less than 7
vii. a multiple of 3 viii. an even number or a multiple of 3

ix. an even number and multiple of 3

2. A game of chance consists of spinning an arrow which comes to rest pointing at one of
the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (shown in the adjoining figure) and these are equally likely
outcomes. What is the probability that it will point at

i. 8 ? ii. an odd number ?

iii. a number greater than 3 ? iv. a number less than 9 ?
v. any factor of 8 ?
3. A box contains 17 cards numbered 1, 2, 3,…., 17 and are mixed thoroughly. A card is
drawn at random from the box. Find the probability that the number on the card is
i. odd ii. even
iii. prime iv. divisible by 3
v. divisible by 3 and 2 both vi. divisible by 3 or 2
4. A box contains cards bearing numbers from 6 to 70. If one card is drawn at random from
the box, find the probability that it bears
i. a one digit number ii. a number divisible by 5

iii. an odd number less than 30 iv. a composite number between 50 and 70
5.(i) A lot of 20 bulbs contains 4 defective ones. One bulb is drawn at random from the lot.
What is the probability that this bulb is defective ?
(ii) Suppose the bulb drawn in (i) is not defective and is not replaced. Now one bulb is drawn
at random from the rest. What is the probability that this bulb is not defective ?
6. All the red face cards are removed from a pack of 52 playing cards. A card is drawn at
random from the remaining cards, after reshuffling them. Find the probability that the card
drawn is
i. a red card ii. a queen
iii. an ace iv. a face card
v. a card of clubs

7. A card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the probability that the card
drawn is :

i. an ace ii. a red card

iii. neither a king nor a queen iv. a face card
v. a card of spade or an ace vi. non face card of red colour
vii. neither a red card nor a queen
8. The king, queen and jack of clubs are removed from a deck of 52 playing cards and then
well-shuffled. Now one card is drawn at random from the remaining cards. Determine the
probability the card is
i. a heart ii. a queen

iii. a club iv. 10 of hearts

v. a black face card vi. an ace or a queen
vii. neither an ace nor black king
9. Two unbaised coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting :
i. two heads ii. exactly one head
iii. at most one head iv. at least one head
10. Three coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting :
i. three heads ii. two heads
iii. one head iv. no head

v. atleast one head vi. atleast two heads

vii. atmost two heads
11. Two different dice are rolled together. Find the probability of getting
i. a doublet
ii. an even number on both dice

iii. a prime number on each dice

iv. a number greater than 3 on each dice
v. a multiple of 2 on one dice and a multiple of 3 on the other.
12. Two different dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability that the sum of
the two numbers appearing on the top of the dice is
i. 8 ii. 5
iii. 10 iv. 13

v. less than or equal to 12