The document compares doubly-fed motors, such as direct-current and synchronous motors, with singly-fed induction motors, highlighting that induction motors do not require commutators, making them more efficient and low-maintenance. It details the construction of induction motors, which consist of a stator and rotor, and describes two rotor types: squirrel-cage and wound rotors, each suited for different applications. The focus is primarily on three-phase induction motors, which are commonly used in various horsepower ratings.
The document compares doubly-fed motors, such as direct-current and synchronous motors, with singly-fed induction motors, highlighting that induction motors do not require commutators, making them more efficient and low-maintenance. It details the construction of induction motors, which consist of a stator and rotor, and describes two rotor types: squirrel-cage and wound rotors, each suited for different applications. The focus is primarily on three-phase induction motors, which are commonly used in various horsepower ratings.
The document compares doubly-fed motors, such as direct-current and synchronous motors, with singly-fed induction motors, highlighting that induction motors do not require commutators, making them more efficient and low-maintenance. It details the construction of induction motors, which consist of a stator and rotor, and describes two rotor types: squirrel-cage and wound rotors, each suited for different applications. The focus is primarily on three-phase induction motors, which are commonly used in various horsepower ratings.
The document compares doubly-fed motors, such as direct-current and synchronous motors, with singly-fed induction motors, highlighting that induction motors do not require commutators, making them more efficient and low-maintenance. It details the construction of induction motors, which consist of a stator and rotor, and describes two rotor types: squirrel-cage and wound rotors, each suited for different applications. The focus is primarily on three-phase induction motors, which are commonly used in various horsepower ratings.
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Introduction
The difference between doubly-fed motors, like direct-current (dc) and synchronous motors, and singly- fed induction motors. Doubly-fed motors have direct current in their field windings and alternating current in their armature windings, it can also be referred to as a conduction motor. Induction motors, on the other hand, receive power to the rotor by induction, functioning like a transformer with a rotating secondary winding. This makes induction motors distinct from conduction motors, which deliver power directly to the armature via a commutator.
Key points about induction motors:
1. They are singly-fed and do not require commutators, slip-rings, or brushes, resulting in a rugged, reliable, and low-maintenance motor.
2. The absence of brushes eliminates electrical and mechanical losses, leading to higher efficiency.
3. They carry alternating current in both the stator and rotor windings.
4. They function as rotating transformers, with the secondary winding receiving energy by induction while rotating.
There are two basic types of induction motors: single-phase and polyphase. Single-phase motors are typically used for domestic applications, often in fractional horsepower ratings. Polyphase motors, especially three-phase motors, are used across a wide range of horsepower ratings and are preferred where polyphase power sources are accessible. The chapter focuses on three-phase induction motors, but the theoretical concepts apply to n-phase motors (where n is greater than or equal to 2).
Construction An induction motor consists of two main components: the stator and the rotor.
Stator:
- The stationary part of the motor, made of thin-slotted, highly permeable steel laminations within a steel or cast-iron frame.
- Contains identical coils wound into slots, forming a balanced three-phase winding.
Rotor:
- Also made of thin-slotted, highly permeable steel laminations, pressed together onto a shaft.
- Two types: squirrel-cage and wound rotors.
Squirrel-cage Rotor:
- Used for loads requiring little starting torque.
- For small motors, the winding is created by die-casting molten aluminum into slots. - Larger motors use heavy conducting bars (copper, aluminum, or alloys) inserted into slots and welded or bolted to end-rings.
- The rotor laminations are often skewed to reduce cogging and electrical noise.
Wound Rotor:
- Used for high starting torque applications.
- Must have the same number of poles and phases as the stator.
- Three-phase windings are internally connected to a neutral point, with the other ends connected to slip-rings.
- External resistances can be added to the rotor circuit via brushes on the slip-rings to control rotor resistance and torque.
Wound-rotor motors are more expensive and less efficient than squirrel-cage motors but are necessary when high starting torque is required.
