The document outlines various ENT symptoms and conditions, including ear, sinus, and throat issues, as well as specific conditions like laryngeal dyspnea and otitis media. It discusses the causes, risk factors, and treatment indications for conditions such as adenoid hypertrophy and tonsillitis. Additionally, it highlights complications associated with these conditions and provides guidelines for diagnosis and treatment.
The document outlines various ENT symptoms and conditions, including ear, sinus, and throat issues, as well as specific conditions like laryngeal dyspnea and otitis media. It discusses the causes, risk factors, and treatment indications for conditions such as adenoid hypertrophy and tonsillitis. Additionally, it highlights complications associated with these conditions and provides guidelines for diagnosis and treatment.
The document outlines various ENT symptoms and conditions, including ear, sinus, and throat issues, as well as specific conditions like laryngeal dyspnea and otitis media. It discusses the causes, risk factors, and treatment indications for conditions such as adenoid hypertrophy and tonsillitis. Additionally, it highlights complications associated with these conditions and provides guidelines for diagnosis and treatment.
The document outlines various ENT symptoms and conditions, including ear, sinus, and throat issues, as well as specific conditions like laryngeal dyspnea and otitis media. It discusses the causes, risk factors, and treatment indications for conditions such as adenoid hypertrophy and tonsillitis. Additionally, it highlights complications associated with these conditions and provides guidelines for diagnosis and treatment.
- Anterior rhinoscopy: Nasal cavity filled with pus and mucus, nasal mucosa edema, inferior nasal turbinate edema.
- Nasal and nasopharyngeal endoscopy with Optic.
What is the most suitable age for adenoidectomy?
- Children from 20 months old and above and under 5-6 years old
Pharyngitis and tonsillitis (palatine tonsillitis)
Most common causes of tonsillitis: bacterial, viral, genetic, structural characteristics of the tonsils surgery (multi-cavity Machine Translated bymulti-slot). Google
• Level, symptoms.
Chronic-symptoms
What are the predisposing factors for tonsillitis?
The most dangerous agent in tonsillitis. Abbreviation: GABHS
Machine Translated by Google
Tonsillitis grading
How many points are there on the centor scale?
Processing each centor scale
Machine Translated by Google
Treatment principles in acute
tonsillitis
Indications and contraindications for tonsillectomy
#Indications:
- Chronic tonsillitis recurring many times in 1 year (5 times/year)
- Tonsillitis has caused local complications such as inflammation and abscess around the tonsils.
In this case, antibiotic treatment is needed, incision and drainage of pus is needed, after stabilization, surgery is needed.
Tonsils.
- Tonsillitis causes complications in adjacent tissues. Tonsils are considered as the nest
Infections cause pharyngitis, sinusitis, ear infections as well as laryngitis.
- Tonsillitis causes distant complications every time bacteria are released into the blood causing
dangerous complications such as nephritis, arthritis, and heart inflammation, we also need to remove the
tonsils to resolve the infection.
- Tonsils Machine thatbyare Translated too large affect the eating, breathing and pronunciation, and surgery is also indicated. Google
Tonsils.
#Contraindications.
a. Absolute contraindications:
- Blood and cardiovascular diseases such as prolonged bleeding, severe heart failure...
- Chronic diseases: tuberculosis, diabetes.
b. Relative contraindications:
- Tonsils in acute inflammation. The patient has a sore throat and mucous membranes.
Red congested membrane, high white blood cell count
>10,000. - In the period of local or systemic infection such as boils.
- Women during pregnancy and menstruation.
- Places where epidemics are occurring, especially respiratory epidemics such as flu,
measles, or dengue fever.
- The weather is volatile: it can be too hot or too cold.
- Age for tonsillectomy: older than 5 years old and younger than 55 years old.
If the patient has a sore throat, burning sensation, painful swallowing, and difficulty thinking about what causes sore throat? Tonsils
At what age does the tonsil immune function develop most strongly: 4-10 years old
Distinguishing between bacterial and viral pharyngitis
Sinusitis: Machine Translated by Google
How many sinuses are there?
Anterior and posterior ethmoid sinus groups
Which sinuses drain into which slit?
Sinus Pain Points Sinus
Pain Points Diagnosis by EPOS
Paraclinical: what does endoscopy see?
X-ray
CT: indication for scan
Pathogenesis
Complications
Level and side: 12w
Distinguish between bacterial and viral infections
Signs of infection: fever, increased CRP
Anatomy:
The narrowest area of the nasal cavity
What causes one side of the X-ray to be blurry?
Most common complications of sinusitis, most serious complications
Laryngitis
Level, chronic
Reason
Favorable factors
Classification of acute laryngitis
Characteristics of laryngeal dyspnea
What physical signs does chronic laryngitis leave on patients?
What should I do if my voice is hoarse for >3 weeks?
What will a persistent cough do?
Nasopharyngeal cancer Ranked Translated Machine in head and neck cancer by Google
Common age
Driving factors
Most important: early diagnosis
Symptoms for early diagnosis
Nasopharyngeal cancer: sluggish discharge like fish blood color
Strabismus in nerve palsy, oculomotor nerve palsy
Metastatic lymph nodes: cervical lymph node examination: what are the prognostic factors?
GPB in nasopharyngeal cancer
Laryngeal cancer:
The larynx is divided into several parts.
Cancer of the supraglottis, glottis, subglottis. What are the typical symptoms? What is the ranking in the cancer
spectrum? Common age group.
Typical symptoms. Which
region has a better
prognosis?
Which muscle opens the vocal cords and which muscle closes the vocal cords?
CLS: biopsy
Which layer does the arytenoid cartilage belong to?
Cancer in which level of the neck lymph nodes will appear earliest and most?
Which benign laryngeal tumor of precancerous to cause this cancer
Foreign body in food
Throat: why is it called a 4-way intersection?
How many parts does the throat have: 3 parts (nasopharynx, mouth, larynx)
Most common age
Causes: Depending on the
location of the foreign object, the clinical manifestations are as follows. How to handle?
What kind of foreign body is usually stuck in the tonsil? What are the properties of the foreign body?
Stage: 4 stages Machine Translated by Google CLS: x-ray
Where are foreign bodies commonly found?
Foreign objects falling into the thoracic esophagus, what is tccn?
Most common complications of DVDA
Foreign body in airway
Which foreign object is more dangerous?
Common locations What
services are common in children and what services are common in adults?
Symptoms of foreign body penetration:
laryngospasm ÿ strong cough
Usually encountered left or right angle bronchus, falls into the alveoli then what?
Foreign body removal is hard or soft tube
Complications
Injury:
Treatment of nosebleeds
Cause: Traffic accident
Nose: Which part of the nose is most vulnerable to injury?
