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    Chapter 5 Gases

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    Marie Spencer Dunn
    1) Gases are compressible and expand to fill their container. Their volume, pressure, and temperature are interrelated based on the combined gas law. 2) The ideal gas law relates the pressure, volume, amount, and temperature of a gas as PV=nRT. It can be used to calculate gas properties under different conditions. 3) Stoichiometry problems involving gases use molar relationships and the ideal gas law to convert between mass, moles, and volume of gases.

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    Chapter 5 Gases

    Uploaded by

    Marie Spencer Dunn
    183 views19 pages
    1) Gases are compressible and expand to fill their container. Their volume, pressure, and temperature are interrelated based on the combined gas law. 2) The ideal gas law relates the pressure, volume, amount, and temperature of a gas as PV=nRT. It can be used to calculate gas properties under different conditions. 3) Stoichiometry problems involving gases use molar relationships and the ideal gas law to convert between mass, moles, and volume of gases.

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    1) Gases are compressible and expand to fill their container. Their volume, pressure, and temperature are interrelated based on the combined gas law. 2) The ideal gas law relates the pressure, volume, amount, and temperature of a gas as PV=nRT. It can be used to calculate gas properties under different conditions. 3) Stoichiometry problems involving gases use molar relationships and the ideal gas law to convert between mass, moles, and volume of gases.

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    Download as pdf or txt
    183 views19 pages

    Chapter 5 Gases

    Uploaded by

    Marie Spencer Dunn
    1) Gases are compressible and expand to fill their container. Their volume, pressure, and temperature are interrelated based on the combined gas law. 2) The ideal gas law relates the pressure, volume, amount, and temperature of a gas as PV=nRT. It can be used to calculate gas properties under different conditions. 3) Stoichiometry problems involving gases use molar relationships and the ideal gas law to convert between mass, moles, and volume of gases.

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    of 19

    Chapter 5

    Gases, (Liquids, and Solids)

    The Gaseous State


    Gases are compressible Gases expand to fill a container Gases are difficult to weigh on a balance

    How do we know How Much gas we have?- The variables


    Volume: (V)
    Gases Have Variable volume Dependent on
    Temperature of Gas Pressure of Gas Volume of the container

    Measure in LITERS

    How do we know How Much gas we have?- The variables


    Pressure: (P)
    Heating a gas causes molecules to move faster (More Kinetic Energy) Heating a gas affects the volume and pressure of a gas Measure in:
    Atmospheres (atm) mm Hg

    1 atm = 760 mm Hg (Standard pressure)

    How do we know How Much gas we have?- The variables


    Temperature: (T)
    Heating a gas causes molecules to move faster (More Kinetic Energy) Heating a gas affects the volume and pressure of a gas Measure in KELVIN K = C + 273.15
    Standard Temperature = 273.15 K

    Combined Gas Law

    PV1 P2V2 1 T1 T2
    Name Boyle's law Charles's Law Gay-Lu ssac's law Expression P1V 1 = P2 V2 V1 V2 = T1 T2 P1 P2 = T1 T2 Cons tant T P V

    PV1 P2V2 1 Examples T1 T2 A gas is expanded from an initial volume of


    20.5 L at 0.92 atm at room temperature (23.0 ) to a final volume of 340.6L. During the expansion the gas cools to 12.0 C. What is the new pressure?

    Molar Volume of A Gas


    At STP
    1 mol gas = 22.4 L of Gas

    Laboratory Conditions are usually not at STP


    Can we Correct for non standard conditions?

    Using the Combined Gas Law

    PV1 P2V2 1 T1 T2

    The volume of one mole of gas at STP is 22.4 L/mol. What is the volume of one mole of gas at room temperature (23 C) at a pressure of 1.10 atm?

    The Ideal Gas* Law


    PV=nRT
    P = pressure V = volume measured in LITERS n = MOLES R = constant- Value that NEVER CHANGES!!!
    R= 0.0821 L atm

    mol K
    R= 8.31 L L mmHg

    T = temperature in KELVIN

    mol K

    Calculate the volume of 1.00 moles of gas at STP

    * Under most conditions, real gases behave like ideal gases.


    Fig. 5-5, p. 146

    Using the Ideal Gas Equation


    The volume of one mole of gas at STP is 22.4 L. What is the volume of one mole of gas at room temperature (23 C) at a pressure of 1.10 atm?

    Mole A 1 Mole of Gas = 22.4 L (only At STP) Or PV=nRT Liters of gas A

    Examples:
    What is the volume of 3.20 grams of hydrogen gas at STP? A certain quantity of neon gas is under 1.05 atm pressure at 303 K in a 10.0-L vessel. How many moles of neon are present?

    Stoichiometry With Gases


    Liters of Gas A Or PV=nRT
    1 Mole of Gas = 22.4 L (only At STP)

    ***

    Mole A
    __g A** = 1 mole A

    Mass A

    (grams)

    _mol A*** = __mol B Liters of of Gas B Or PV=nRT


    1 Mole of Gas = 22.4 L (only At STP)

    Coefficients in balanced equation represent the MOLE RATIO

    Mole B
    __g B** = 1 mole B

    Mass B

    (grams)

    Example: Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)


    If 13.8 grams of hydrogen were produced at STP, how many grams of magnesium were consumed?
    If 0.350 grams of magnesium reacted with excess hydrochloric acid, what volume of hydrogen gas would be collected at 22.0 C and 0.950 atm?

    Collecting Gases
    Gas above water is a combination of H2(g) and H2O(g)
    Pinside = PH2 + PH2O Pinside = Pbarometric Pbarometric = PH2 + PH2O PH2 = Pbarometric - PH2O

    Collecting a Gas over Water


    What is the pressure of hydrogen gas if it is collected over water at 21.0 C on a day when the barometric pressure is 769.3 mm Hg?

    # of particles of A L of solution A

    Summary of Stoichiometry
    Mole A Mass A (grams)

    L of gas A ()

    L of gas B L of solution B Mole B Mass B (grams)

    # of particles of B

    # of particles of A L of solution A

    Summary of Stoichiometry
    Mole A Mass A (grams)

    L of gas A ()

    L of gas B L of solution B Mole B Mass B (grams)

    # of particles of B

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