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Chapter 6 Notes

Chapter 6 discusses motivational behavior, defining motives as the underlying causes of behavior driven by needs and desires. It distinguishes between primary motives, which are biological and crucial for survival, and secondary motives, which are learned and related to personality development. The chapter also explores various physiological motives, intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting motivation, and specific motives such as affiliation, aggression, power, and achievement.

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Chapter 6 Notes

Chapter 6 discusses motivational behavior, defining motives as the underlying causes of behavior driven by needs and desires. It distinguishes between primary motives, which are biological and crucial for survival, and secondary motives, which are learned and related to personality development. The chapter also explores various physiological motives, intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting motivation, and specific motives such as affiliation, aggression, power, and achievement.

Uploaded by

faizanchattha730
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter No.

6: Motivational Behavior

Q.1. What is Motive?


Ans. Motivation is the word derived from the word ’motive’ which means needs, desires, wants
or drives within the individuals. Motives are the underlying causes or reasons of a particular
behavior.

Q.2. What is Motivational Behavior?


Ans. Behavior that is directed or driven by a certain need or a desire is called motivational
behavior.

Q.3. What are Primary Motives?


Ans. Primary motives are also called biological motives. These motives are inborn and innate.
These motives are rooted in the physiological state of the body, sleep, rest, temperature
regulation, need for oxygen etc. Biological motives are triggered by a physiological imbalance of
the body and are crucial for survival.

Q.4. What are Secondary Motives?


Ans. Secondary motives are learned motives and are sometimes known as psychological
motives. They are not physiologically based. These are the causes of the development of a
personality. Secondary motives originate during our life time. They are acquired and learned
through our interaction with people. These needs are crucial for our mental and emotional health.

Q.5. Discuss a few physiological motives?


1. Motive of Hunger
We develop hunger motive in order to maintain homeostasis. This is indicated by contraction of
stomach muscles causing some pain or discomfort called hunger pangs.
2. Motive of Thirst
Fluids are essential for our body tissues for normal functioning. When the water level in the body
decreases we develop motive to drink water. Usually thirst motive is indicated by dryness of
mouth.
3. Motive of Body Temperature
Maintenance of normal body temperature (98.6°F or 37.0°C) is necessary. Rise or fall in the
body temperature causes many problems. There are some automatic mechanisms to regulate
body temperature, like sweating when the temperature rises above normal or, shivering when it
falls below normal. These changes motivate us to take necessary steps. For example, opening of
windows, put on fans, take cool drinks, remove clothes, etc., when the temperature increases to
above normal level; and closing doors and windows, wear sweaters, take hot beverages when
temperature falls down. In this way we try to regulate the body temperature.
4. Motive of Sex
This is a biological motive, arises in the organism as a result of secretion of sex hormones-like
androgens and estrogens. Sex need is not essential for the survival of the individual, but it is
essential for the survival of the species.

Q.6. What is the motive of Affiliation?


Ans. The need for affiliation (N-Affil) is a term that was popularized by David McClelland and
describes a person's need to feel a sense of involvement and "belonging" within a social group.
Chapter No.6: Motivational Behavior

Q. 7. What is the motive of Aggression?


Ans. It is a motive to react aggressively when faced frustrations. Frustration may occur when a
person is obstructed from reaching a goal or when he is insulted by others. Even in a fearful and
dangerous do or die situation the individual may resort to aggressive behavior. Individual
expresses such behavior to overcome opposition forcefully, which may be physical or verbal
aggression.

Q.8. What is the motive of power?


Ans. Power motivation is the need to exercise strong influential actions, generate strong
emotions in others, and express concern for reputation or position in the world. People with a
strong need for power are usually successful mentors, trainers and instructors.

Q.9. What is the motive of Achievement?


Ans. Achievement motivation can be defined as the need for success or the attainment of
excellence. High achievers choose and perform better at challenging tasks, prefer personal
responsibility, seek and utilize feedback about the performance standard, having innovative ideas
to improve performance.

Q.10. What are the Intrinsic factors affecting motivation?


Ans. Intrinsic motivation means that the individual's motivational stimuli are coming from
within. The individual has the desire to perform a specific task, because its results are in
accordance with his belief system or fulfills a desire and therefore importance is attached to it.
E.g. desire to learn.

Q.11. What are the Extrinsic factors affecting motivation?


Extrinsic motivation means that the individual's motivational stimuli are coming from outside. In
other words, our desires to perform a task are controlled by an outside source. E.g. Employee of
the month award, Benefit package, Bonuses, Organized activities

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