2024-25/SET B

PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION

CLASS – XII

PHYSICS (042)

Maximum Marks: 70 Time Allowed: 3 hours

General Instructions

(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.

(3) All the sections are compulsory.

(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each,
Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks
each, Section D contains two case study-based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three
long answer questions of five marks each.

(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section B,
one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in Section E. You
have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.

(7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary

i.c = 3 x 108 m/s

ii. me = 9.1 x10-31 kg
iii. mp = 1.7 x10-27 kg
iv. e = 1.6 x 10-19 C
v. µ0 = 4π x 10-7 T m 𝑨−𝟏
vi. h = 6.63 x10-34 J s
vii. ε0 = 8.854 x10-12 𝑪𝟐𝑵−𝟏𝒎−𝟐
viii. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 per gram mole
[SECTION – A]
1. A positively charged particle is released from rest in a uniform electric field. The electric potential
energy of the charge
a) remains constant because the electric field is uniform.
b) increases because charge moves along the electric field.
c) decreases because charge moves along the electric field.
d) decreases because charge moves opposite to the electric field.

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2. A conducting sphere of radius 10 cm has an unknown charge. If the electric field 20 cm from the
centre of the sphere is 1.5×103 N/C and points radially inward, the net charge on the sphere
a) 5.57nC b) −7.57𝑛𝐶 c) −6.67𝑛𝐶 d) 8.82𝑛𝐶

3. A straight horizontal conducting rod of length 0⋅45m and mass 60g is suspended by two vertical
wires at its ends. A current of 5⋅0A is set up in the rod through the wires, then what magnetic field
should be set up normal to the conductor in order to make the tension zero in the wires? (Ignore the
mass of the wire)
a) 0.12 T, downward b) 0.24T, upward c) 0.38T, downward d) 0.26T, upward

4. In diffraction, Maxima and Minima, are obtained due to

a) some loss of energy
b) some gain of energy
c) redistribution of the light energy
d) conservation law of energy

5. There is a parallel plate capacitor of capacitance 2.0𝜇𝐹. The voltage between the plates of parallel
plate capacitor is changing at the rate of 6.0 Vs-1, then the value of displacement current through the
capacitor is
a) 12 𝜇𝐴 b) 10 𝜇𝐴 c) 11 𝜇𝐴 d)9 𝜇𝐴

6. An ac circuit has an inductor and a resistor of resistance R in series, such that XL = 3R. Now, a
capacitor is added in series such that XC = 2R. The ratio of new power factor with the old power
factor of the circuit is √5: x. The value of x is
a) 2 b) 3 c) 1 d) 7

7. Correct match of column I with column II is

C-l (waves) C-ll (Detection)
P. Receiver’s aerials
(1) Infra-red
Q. Point Contact Diodes
(2) X- Rays
R. Thermopiles
(3) Radio
S. Ionisation Chamber
(4) Microwaves

a) 1-P, 2-R, 3-S, 4-Q b) 1-R, 2-S, 3-P, 4-Q

c) 1-Q, 2-P, 3-S, 4-R d) 1-S. 2-R, 3-P, 4-Q

8. The distance of closest approach of an alpha particle is d when it moves with a momentum ‘p’
towards a nucleus. Another alpha particle is projected with higher energy such that the new distance
of the closest approach is d/2. What is the momentum of projection of the alpha particle in this case?
a) 𝑝⁄2 b) 𝑝√2 c) 2𝑝 d) 4𝑝
4
9. An empty spherical flask of diameter 15 cm is placed in water of 𝜇 = ⁄3. A parallel beam of light
strikes the flask. Where does it get focussed, when observed from within the flask?
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 a) 20.2 cm b) – 22.5 cm c) – 23.5 cm d) 21.2 cm

10. Consider sunlight incident on a slit of width 104 Å. The image seen through the slit shall
a) Be a fine sharp slit white in colour at the centre
b) A bright slit white at the centre diffusing to zero intensities at the edges
c) A bright slit white at the centre diffusing to regions of different colours
d) Only be diffused slit white in colour

11. The drift current in the reverse bias of the p-n junction diode
a) is limited by the magnitude of the applied voltage
b) is limited due to the concentration of the minority carriers on either side of the junction.
c) decreases with increasing temperature of the junction
d) is independent of temperature

12. Two wires A and B of the same material having lengths in the ratio of 1:2 and diameters in the ratio
of 2:3 are connected in series with an accumulator. The ratio of p.d.’s across the two wires
a) 8/9 b) 9/8 c) 8/7 d) 7/8

For Questions 13 to 16, two statements are given –one labelled Assertion (A) and other labelled
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the options as given below.

a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.

d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.

13. Assertion (A): The galvanometer cannot as such be used as an ammeter to measure the value of the
current in a given circuit.

Reason (R): Galvanometer is a very sensitive device; it gives a full - scale deflection for a current of
the order of 𝜇𝐴.

14. Assertion (A): The Bohr model can not be extended even to mere two electron atoms such as
helium.

Reason (R): Electron interacts only with the positively charged nucleus and not with all other
electrons.

15. Assertion (A): In the plot of the binding energy per nucleon (Ebn) versus the mass number ‘A’
“There is the constancy of the binding energy in the range 30 < A < 170”.

Reason (R): The nuclear forces show the saturation.

16. Assertion (A): de Broglie's wavelength of a body going upward under gravity keeps increasing with
time.

Reason (R): The momentum of the body decreases with time.

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 [SECTION – B]

17. Two monochromatic beams A and B of equal intensity I, hit a screen. The number of photons hitting
the screen by beam A is twice that by beam B. Then what inference can you make about their
frequencies?

18. In a double-slit experiment the angular width of a fringe is found to be 0.2° on a screen placed 1 m
away. The wavelength of light used is 600 nm. What will be the angular width of the fringe if the
entire experimental apparatus is immersed in water? Take refractive index of water as 4/3.

OR
In Young’s double-slit experiment using monochromatic light of wavelength ‘λ’, the intensity of light
at a point on the screen where path difference is λ, is ‘K’ units. What is the intensity of light at a
point where path difference is λ /3?

19. As shown in figure a cell is connected across two points A and B of a uniform circular conductor of
radius ‘r’. Find the magnetic field induction at its centre ‘O’.

20. (a) How does the size of a nucleus depend on its mass number? Hence explain why the density of
nuclear matter should be independent of the size of the nucleus.

(b) Calculate the energy in fusion reaction: 21𝐻 + 21𝐻 → 32𝐻𝑒 + 𝑛, where BE of 21𝐻 = 2.23𝑀𝑒𝑉 and
of 32𝐻𝑒 = 7.73𝑀𝑒𝑉.

21. Two metallic wires, P1 and P2 of the same material and same length but different cross-sectional
areas, A1 and A2 are joined together and connected to a source of emf. Find the ratio of the drift
velocities of free electrons in the two wires when they are connected (i) in series, and (ii) in parallel.

[SECTION – C]

22. (i)Two semiconductor materials X and Y, shown in the given, are made by doping germanium crystal
with indium and arsenic respectively. The two are joined end to end and connected to a battery as
shown.

(a) Will the junction be forward biased or reverse biased?

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 (b) Sketch a V-I graph for this arrangement.
(ii) Draw a circuit diagram of a full wave rectifier. Draw the input/output waveforms indicating
clearly the functions of the two diodes used.

23. Two identical parallel plate capacitors A and B are connected to a battery of V volts with the switch S
closed. The switch is now opened and the free space between the plates of the capacitors is filled
with a dielectric of dielectric constant K. Find the ratio of the total electrostatic energy stored in both
capacitors before and after the introduction of the dielectric.

24. A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 140 cm and an eye-piece of focal length 5.0
cm.
(a) If this telescope is used to view a 100 m tall tower 3 km away, what is the height of the image of
the tower formed by the objective lens?
(b) What is the height of the final image of the tower if it is formed at the least distance of distinct
vision D = 25 cm?
(c) What is the separation between the objective and eye lens when final image is formed at infinity?

25. A semiconductor has equal electron and hole concentration of 2×108m−3. On doping with a certain
impurity, the hole concentration increases to 4×1010m−3.
(i) What type of semiconductor is obtained on doping?
(ii) Calculate the new electron hole concentration of the semiconductor.
(iii) How does the energy gap vary with doping?

26. A uniform magnetic field of 1.5 T exists in a cylindrical region of radius 10.0 cm, its direction
parallel to the axis along east to west. A wire carrying current of 7.0 A in the north to south direction
passes through this region. What is the magnitude and direction of the force on the wire if,
(a) the wire intersects the axis,
(b) the wire is turned from N-S to northeast-southhwest direction,
(c) the wire in the N-S direction is lowered from the axis by a distance of 6.0 cm?

27. (a) A ray of light is incident normally on the face AB of a right-angled glass prism of refractive index
𝜇𝑔 = 1.5. The prism is partly immersed in a liquid of unknown refractive index. Find the value of
refractive index of the liquid so that the ray grazes along the face BC after refraction through the
prism.
(b) Trace the path of the rays if it were incident normally on the face AC through the immersed part
of the prism.

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 (c) A ray of light incident on an equilateral glass prism propagates parallel to the base line of the
prism inside it. Find the angle of incidence of this ray. Given refractive index of material of glass
prism is √3.

28. State Gauss’s theorem in electrostatics. Using this theorem, derive an expression for the electric field
due to a uniformly charged spherical shell of radius ‘R’ of surface charge density ′𝜎′ at a point (i)
outside of the shell, (ii) on the surface of the sphere and (iii) inside of the shell.
OR
Define electric field intensity. Give its SI unit.
Obtain the expression of electric field due to a electric dipole at a point on the equatorial plane.
[SECTION D]
Case Study Based Question:
29. The force experienced by a particle of charge ‘q’ moving with a velocity ‘v’ given by 𝐹⃗ = 𝑞[𝑣⃗ × 𝐵 ⃗⃗]
which is perpendicular to both ‘v’ and ‘B’. Since F is perpendicular to ‘v’, no work is done on the
charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field. If v is perpendicular to B, the charged particle
𝑚𝑣
follows a circular path whose radius is given by 𝑟 = 𝑞𝑏 . The frequency of revolution of the particle
𝑞𝐵
along the circular path is given by 𝑣 = 2𝜋𝑚.
(i) A proton and an alpha particle are projected perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field with equal
velocities. The mass of an alpha particle is 4 times that of a proton and its charge istwice that of a
𝑟𝑝
proton. If the rp and rα are the radii of their circular path, then the ratio 𝑟 is.
𝛼
1 1
(a) (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) √2
√2

𝑟𝑝
(ii) In (i) part, what is the ratio 𝑟 if the two particles have equal kinetic energies before entering the
𝛼
region of the magnetic field.
1
(a) (b) 1 (c)2 (d) 4
2

𝑟𝑝
(iii) In (i) part, what is the ratio 𝑟 if the two particles have equal linear moments before entering the
𝛼
region of the magnetic field.
(a)1 (b) √2 (c)2 (d) 2√2

𝑟𝑝
(iv) In (i) part, what is the ratio 𝑟 if the two particles are accelerated through the same potential
𝛼
difference before entering the region of the magnetic field.
1
(a) (b) 1 (c) √2 (d) 2
√2

OR
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 (iv) Which of the following in motion cannot be deflected by magnetic field?
(a) Protons (b) Beta particles (c) Alpha particles (d) Neutrons

30. In 1905, Albert Einstein (1879-1955) proposed a radically new picture of electromagnetic radiation
to explain photoelectric effect. In this picture, photoelectric emission does not take place by
continuous absorption of energy from radiation. Radiation energy is built up of discrete units- the so-
called quanta of energy of radiation. Each quantum of radiant energy has energy ℎ𝜐, where h is
Planck’s constant and 𝜐 the frequency of light. In photoelectric effect, an electron absorbs a quantum
of energy (ℎ𝜐) of radiation. If this quantum of energy absorbed exceeds the minimum energy needed
for the electron to escape from the metal surface (Work function, 𝜙0 ), the electron is emitted with
maximum kinetic energy: 𝐾𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ℎ𝜐 − 𝜙0

(i) Light of wavelength 0.6 µm from a sodium lamp falls on a photocell and causes the emission of
photoelectrons for which the stopping potential is 0.5 V. With light of wavelength 0.4μm from a
sodium lamp, the stopping potential is 1.5 V. With this data, the value of h/e is:
(a) 4 × 10−59 𝑉𝑠 (b) 0.25 × 1015 𝑉𝑠 (c) 4 × 10−15 𝑉𝑠 (d) 4 × 10−8 𝑉𝑠

(ii) Which of the following statements about photon is incorrect?

(a) Photons exert no pressure
ℎ𝜐
(b) Momentum of photon is 𝑐
(c) Rest mass of photon is zero
(d) Energy of photon is ℎ𝜐

(iii) In a photon-particle collision (sauch as photon-electron collision), which of the following may
not be conserved?
(a) Total energy (b) Number of photons (c) Total momentum (d) both (a) and (b)

(iv) If ‘m’ is the mass of an electron and ‘c’ is the speed of light, the ratio of the wavelength of a
photon of energy E to that of the electron of the same energy is:
2𝑚 2𝑚 2𝑚 𝑚
(a) √ (b) 𝑐√ 𝐸 (c) √ 𝑐𝐸 (d) √ 𝐸
𝐸

OR

(iv) If h is Plank's constant, the momentum of a photon of wavelength 0.01Å is:

(a) 10−2 ℎ (b) 10−4 ℎ (c) 102 ℎ (d) 1012 ℎ

31. (a) Define drift speed of electrons and resistivity of the material of the conductor. [1/2 +1/2]
(b) Derive Ohm’s law and obtain an expression for the resistivity of the material of the conductor (𝜌)
in the form of ‘n’, ‘m’, ‘e’ and ‘𝜏’ where symbols have their usual meanings. [2]
(c) Explain qualitatively “Why the resistivity is inversely proportional to the average time of
relaxation”. [1]
(d) Explain the variation in the resistivity on the basis of change in ‘n’ and ‘𝜏’ when the temperature
of insulators and semiconductors is increased. [1]
OR
(a) State and explain Kirchhoff’s laws. [2]
SET B/Page 7 of 8
 (b) Determine the current in each branch of the network shown in figure: [3]

32. (a)Figure shows a rectangular loop conducting PQRS in which the arm PQ is free to move. A
uniform magnetic field acts in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the loop. Arm PQ is moved
with a velocity v towards the arm RS. Assuming that the arms QR, RS and SP have negligible
resistances and the moving arm PQ has the resistance r, obtain the expression for (i) the current in the
loop (ii) the force and (iii) the power required to move the arm PQ. [3]

(b) Obtain an expression of the energy stored in an inductor. [2]

OR
(a) A small town with a demand of 800 kW of electric power at 220 V is situated 15 km away from
an electric plant generating power at 440 V. The resistance of the two-line wires carrying power
is 0.5Ω per km. The town gets power from the lines through a 4000-220 V step down transformer at
a substation in the town. [3]
(i) Estimate the line power loss in the form of heat.
(ii) How much power must the plant supply. assuming there is negligible power loss due to leakage?
(iii) Characterize the step-up transformer at the plant.
(b) An a.c. voltage E=E0sinωt is applied across a pure inductor L. Show mathematically that the
current flowing through it lags behind the applied voltage by a phase angle of π/2. [2]

33. (a)A Cassegrain telescope uses two mirrors as shown in figure. Such a telescope is built with the
mirrors 20 mm apart. If the radius of curvature of the large mirror is 220 mm and of the small mirror
is 140 mm, where will the final image of an object at infinity be? [2]

(b) Draw the ray diagram of a refracting type telescope when the final image is formed at the list
distance of distinct vision and find the expression of magnifying power. [3]
OR
(a) An angular magnification of 30X is desired using an objective of focal length 1.25 cm and an
eyepiece of focal length 5 cm. How would you set up the compound microscope? [3]
(b) The image of a small electric bulb fixed on the wall of a room is to be obtained on the opposite
wall 3m away from a means of a large convex lens. What is the maximum possible focal length of
the lens required for the purpose? [2]
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