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Introduction to
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Introduction to Data Analysis Course Notes.pdf
1. Introduction to Data Analysis Course Notes 02-Feb-2024 by: Grace Jidael
2. Contents What is Data and Data Analysis Types of Data Types of Data
Analysis Life Cycle of Data Analysis Project Tools for Data Analysis 2 3 7 8 10 11
3. Data 3 Data: Data is Raw facts and figures that need to be processed to
extract meaningful information. The term big data refers to data sets that are so
massive, so quickly built, and so varied that they defy traditional analysis
methods such as you might perform with a relational database. Big data is
often described in terms of five V's; velocity, volume, variety, veracity, and
value. Examples: Numbers, text, images, sound, etc.
4. Data Analysis 4 The systematic process of inspecting, cleaning,
transforming, and modeling data to discover meaningful information, draw
conclusions, and support decision-making. is the process and method for
extracting knowledge and insights from large volumes of disparate data. It's an
interdisciplinary field involving probability, programming, mathematics,
statistical analysis, data visualization, and more. It's what makes it possible for
us to appropriate information, see patterns, find meaning from large volumes
of data and use it to make decisions that drive business.
5. Good to Know... 5 If you have data, and you have curiosity, and you're
manipulating it, you're exploring it, the very exercise of going through
analyzing data, trying to get some answers from it is data analysis. Data
science/Analysis is relevant today because we have tons of data available. We
used to worry about lack of data. Now we have a data deluge. In the past, we
didn't have algorithms, now we have algorithms. In the past, the software was
expensive, now it's open source and free.
6. In the past, we couldn't store large amounts of data, now for a fraction of the
cost, we can have gazillions of datasets for a very low cost. So, the tools to work
with data, the very availability of data, and the ability to store and analyze data,
it's all cheap, it's all available, it's all ubiquitous, it's here. There's never been a
better time to be a data scientist/analyst Good to Know... 6
7. If data set has one variable it is Univariate, and if you have multiple variables
it is Multivariate Grace Jidael Types of Data 7 Structured Unstructured Semi
Structured Categorical(Nominal or Ordinal) Numeric(Continuous or Interval)
Cross Sectional Time-Series By Structure By Type By Variable Type
8. Types of Analysis 8 Inferential Analysis: Inferential analysis are numeric
values that enables an analyst/researcher draw conclusions about a population
based on a sample of data. It aims to make generalizations or predictions about
a larger group from which the data was sampled. It uses Statistical test, either
to test for significant relationships amongst variables or to find statistical
support to hypotheses. It is based on laws of probability Descriptive Analysis:
Summarizes and organizes data to understand the sample’s characteristics.
Descriptive Statistics are numeric values obtained from the data that gives
meaning to the data collected. They include frequency distribution, measures
of central tendency, measures of dispersion/variability, bi-variate descriptive
statistics. It gives the current status of data
9. Other Types of Analysis 9 Predictive Analysis(Forcasting): Uses statistical
algorithms and machine learning to make predictions about future outcomes.
What if these trends continue? What will happen next? Exploratory Data
Analysis: Analyzes data sets to uncover patterns, relationships, or trends.
Diagnostic Analysis: Focuses on identifying the cause of a particular problem or
issue. What happened? Why is it happening? Prescriptive Analysis:
Recommends actions to optimize or take advantage of predicted future
scenarios. How do we solve it?
10. 10 Life cycle of data science project
11. 11 Tools for Data Analysis 1. Business Intelligence (BI) Tools: Tableau: A
powerful BI tool for creating interactive and shareable dashboards. Power BI:
Microsoft's BI tool for data visualization, reporting, and sharing insights. 2.
Spreadsheet Software: Microsoft Excel: Widely used for data analysis, modeling,
and visualization. Google Sheets: Collaborative spreadsheet software with data
analysis capabilities. 3. Database Tools: SQL (Structured Query Language):
Essential for querying and managing relational databases. MongoDB: A NoSQL
database often used for handling unstructured data. 4. Programming
Languages: Python: A versatile language with extensive libraries like NumPy
and pandas for data manipulation and analysis. R: Specialized for statistical
computing and graphics, widely used in academia and research. 5. Statistical
Tools: SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences): Used for statistical
analysis in social science research. SAS (Statistical Analysis System): A software
suite for advanced analytics, business intelligence, and data management.
12. Thank You Introduction to Data Analysis 02-Feb-2024 by: Grace Jidael
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