🔹 1.

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

❌ No 5-mark questions

✅ 3 Marks:

Mole concept & numerical problems

Empirical and molecular formula derivation

✅ 2 Marks:

Law of Multiple Proportions

Limiting reagent concept

✅ 1 Mark:

Define mole concept

Difference between atomic mass & molecular mass

🔹 2. Structure of Atom (5 Marks Chapter)

✅ 5 Marks:

Quantum numbers & their significance

Shapes of orbitals (s, p, d)

✅ 3 Marks:

Bohr’s Model & its limitations,other models also

Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle 💯

✅ 2 Marks:

Aufbau principle

Hund’s rule

✅ 1 Mark:

Atomic number vs. Mass number

Define isotopes & isobars

🔹 3. Classification of Elements & Periodicity

❌ No 5-mark questions

✅ 3 Marks:

Periodic trends (atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity)

✅ 2 Marks:

Define electronegativity & electron affinity

Difference between metals & non-metals

✅ 1 Mark:

Periodic table group names

Most electronegative element

🔹 4. Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure (5 Marks Chapter)

✅ 5 Marks:

VSEPR theory & molecular shapes

Hybridization (sp, sp², sp³)

✅ 3 Marks:

Dipole moment & its significance

Hydrogen bonding & its effects

✅ 2 Marks:

Bond order of O₂, N₂

Difference between ionic & covalent bonding

✅ 1 Mark:

Define bond angle & bond length

Lewis structure of NH₃

🔹 5. States of Matter
❌ No 5-mark questions

✅ 3 Marks:

Ideal gas equation (PV = nrt) derivation

Kinetic molecular theory of gases

✅ 2 Marks:

Boyle’s Law & Charles’ Law

Difference between real & ideal gases

✅ 1 Mark:

Define critical temperature

SI unit of pressure

🔹 6. Thermodynamics & Equilibrium (5 Marks Chapter – Last Year)

✅ 5 Marks (Last Year’s 5-Mark Question):

Le Chatelier’s Principle & its applications

First Law of Thermodynamics (ΔU = q + W) & Gibbs Free Energy

✅ 3 Marks:

Relationship between ΔH & ΔU

Hess’s Law & its applications

✅ 2 Marks:

State functions vs. Path functions

Define enthalpy & entropy

✅ 1 Mark:

Define internal energy

SI unit of heat

🔹 7. Redox Reactions

❌ No 5-mark questions
✅ 3 Marks:

Balancing redox reactions using oxidation number method

Oxidation number of given compounds

✅ 2 Marks:

Define oxidation & reduction

Oxidizing vs. Reducing agents

✅ 1 Mark:

What is a redox reaction?

Example of an oxidizing agent

🔹 8. The s-Block Element (Alkali & Alkaline Earth Metals)

❌ No 5-mark questions

✅ 3 Marks:

Chemical properties of alkali & alkaline earth metals

Important compounds: naoh, Na₂CO₃, cao, caco₃

✅ 2 Marks:

General properties of Group 1 & 2 elements

Flame test of alkali metals

✅ 1 Mark:

Most reactive alkali metal

Name one compound of sodium

🔹 9. Some p-Block Elements (5 Marks Chapter)

✅ 5 Marks:

Structure & properties of Borax

Diborane structure & bonding

Chemical properties & compounds preparation

✅ 3 Marks:

Properties & uses of carbon allotropes (diamond, graphite)

Oxides of carbon & their properties

✅ 2 Marks:

Boron compounds and their uses

General properties of Group 13 elements

✅ 1 Mark:

Borax formula

What is the valency of carbon?

🔹 10. Organic Chemistry – Basic Principles (5 Marks Chapter)

✅ 5 Marks:

IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds

Inductive, resonance & hyperconjugation effects

✅ 3 Marks:

Functional groups & isomerism

Difference between inductive & resonance effects

✅ 2 Marks:

Homologous series & its significance

Difference between alkanes & alkenes

✅ 1 Mark:

Define functional group

General formula of alkanes

🔹 11. Hydrocarbons (5 Marks Chapter)

✅ 5 Marks:

Electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene

Preparation & properties of alkenes & alkynes

✅ 3 Marks:

Addition reactions of alkenes & alkynes

Physical properties of benzene

✅ 2 Marks:

Combustion of hydrocarbons

Oxidation reactions of alkanes

✅ 1 Mark:

What is cracking?

Example of an aromatic hydrocarbon

🔹 12. Environmental Chemistry

❌ No 5-mark questions

✅ 3 Marks:

Acid rain: Causes & effects

Ozone depletion & its impact

✅ 2 Marks:

Greenhouse effect & global warming

Eutrophication & its effects

✅ 1 Mark:

Define BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand)

One example of an air pollutant

📌 ✔ 5 Marks Questions (Based on Last Year & Trends)

1️⃣ Physical Chemistry: Thermodynamics & Equilibrium (Le Chatelier’s

Principle – Last Year)

2️⃣ Inorganic Chemistry: Chemical Bonding OR p-Block Elements

3️⃣ Organic Chemistry: Basic Organic Chemistry OR Hydrocarbons

✔ 3 Marks (Frequently Asked Medium-Length Questions)

VSEPR Theory

Equilibrium Constant (Kp, Kc)

Periodic Trends

Balancing Redox Reactions

IUPAC Naming

✔ 2 Marks (Short-Answer Theoretical & Numerical Questions)

Gas Laws (Boyle’s, Charles’ Law)

Buffer Solutions & ph Calculation

Hybridization & Bond Order

Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry

✔ 1 Marks (Definitions, Formula-Based Questions, True/False, mcqs)

Periodic Table Trends

Thermodynamic Functions (ΔH, ΔU, ΔS)

Isomerism Types

Basic Hydrocarbon Reaction

📌 Key Observations from Previous Year Papers

✅ Le Chatelier’s Principle was a 5-marker last year – High chance of

repetition!

✅ Organic Chemistry always gets a 5-marker – Focus on Hydrocarbons &

IUPAC Naming

✅ Inorganic Chemistry 5-marker usually from Chemical Bonding OR p-Block

Elements
1 Marks…

Q.1. Define Molecular Mass.

Q.2. Give the formula of Diborane.

Q.3. Calculate the number of moles in 44.8 liters of H₂ at S.T.P.

Q.4. Name the Hybridization in Ethyne.

Q.5. Name the type of hybridization in diamond.

Q.6. Define Gram Atomic Mass.

Q.7. Draw the structure of graphite.

Q.8. Give the formula of Borax.

Q.9. Define Atomic Mass.

Q.10. Calculate the number of moles in 9 gm of water.

Q.11. Draw the structure of diamond.

Q.12. Give two uses of Aluminium.

Q.13. What are the number of molecules in 1.2 liters of a gas at S.T.P.?

Q.14. Write the formula of the compound Nickel (II) sulfate.

Q.15. The following reaction is an example of a ______ reaction:

2atbe → 4C(g) + He

Q.16. What is the effect of adding He at constant volume on the above

equilibrium?

Q.17. Give the values for principal quantum and magnetic quantum numbers
for the 19th electron of K (Potassium).

Q.18. What shapes are associated with sp³d and sp²d² hybrid orbitals?

Q.19. Choose the most appropriate answer/option given:

Which of these has the highest rate of reaction with water?

Na

Rb

© Li

(D) K

Ans: © Rb

Q.20. The oxidation number of Cr in Cr₂O₇²⁻ is:

+2

+3

© +6

(D) +4

Ans: © +6

Q.21. The species having bond order different from that of CO is:

NO

NO⁺

© O₂

(D) N₂

Ans: (A) NO

Q.22. In the equation of state of an ideal gas, PV = nrt, the value of the
universal gas constant “R” depends only on:

Nature of the gas

The units of measurement

© None of these
Ans: © None of these

Q.23. Which of the following has the highest rate of reaction with water?

Na

Rb

© Li

(D) K

Ans: © Rb

Q.24. Homolytic fission of a covalent bond results in the formation of:

Canomium ion

Free radicals

© Carbanions

(D) None of these

Ans: (B) Free radicals

Q.25. Which pair of atomic numbers represents s-block elements?

7,15

6,12

© 9,17

(D) 2,10

Ans: (B) 6,12

Q.26. In the long form of the periodic table, all the non-metals are placed
under:

s-block

p-block
© f-block

(D) d-block

Ans: (B) p-block

Q.27. At equilibrium, Gibbs’ free energy (ΔG) is:

>0

<0

©0

(D) None of these

Ans: (B) < 0

Q.28. Oxidation number of Cr in Cr₂O₇²⁻ is:

+2

+3

© +6

(D) +4

Ans: © +6

Q.29. The species having bond order different from that of CO is:

NO

NO⁺

© O₂

(D) N₂

Ans: (A) NO

Q.30. I effect is shown by:

COOH
KI

© kmno₄

(D) None of these

Ans: (A) COOH

Q.31. Which of the following is the strongest acid?

CH₃CH₂COOH

feso₄

© CH₃chclcooh

(D) hcl

Ans: © CH₃chclcooh

Q.32. Which of the following will not be oxidized by O₂?

n-hexane

2,2-dimethylpropane

© n-pentene

(D) K₂O

Ans: (B) 2,2-dimethylpropane

Q.33. The compound with the highest boiling point is:

CH₃CH₂OH

CH₃COOH

© CH₃CH₂COOH

(D) C₆H₆

Ans: (B) CH₃COOH

Q.34. Addition of hbr to 3-methyl-1-pentyne follows:

Markovnikov’s rule

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule

© Saytzeff rule

(D) None of these

Ans: (A) Markovnikov’s rule

Q.35. Which of the following is the strongest acid?

CH₃CH₂COOH

CH₃COOH

© CH₃chclcooh

(D) None of these

Ans: © CH₃chclcooh

Short Answer Type Questions (2 marks each):

Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks Each)

1. State Aufbau’s rule.

2. Why is the long-form periodic table superior to Mendeleev’s periodic

table?

3. Define Intensive and Extensive properties.

4. Define enthalpy of combustion with an example.

5. Calculate the oxidation number of N in N₂O₅.

6. Name the isotopes of Hydrogen. OR Give the structure of H₂O₂.

7. What is the depletion of the ozone layer?

8. State Pauli’s exclusion principle.

9. State Modern periodic law.

10. Define Entropy and give its relation with free energy.

11. State the first law of Thermodynamics.

12. What are Hydrides?

13. Calculate the oxidation number of S in H₂SO₄.

14. What is Acid Rain?

15. Why does water show abnormal properties?

16. State Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity.

17. Define Atomic and Ionic radii.

18. State Hess’s law.

19. Define free energy and give its relation with entropy.

20. Calculate the oxidation number of Mn in KMnO₄.

21. How does hydrogen differ from Halogens? Give two points.
22. What is the Greenhouse effect?

23. Give any two uses of heavy water.

24. What is dry ice? Why is it so called?

25. Define Ozonolysis.

26. Why is benzene aromatic?

27. What is Photochemical smog?

28. What are empirical and molecular formulae?

29. Which of the following compounds have a polar covalent bond:

BeCl₂, BF₃, CO₂, and CCl₄?

30. What is the formula of the hydride ion and hydronium ion?
31. How many bond pairs and lone pairs are on the N-atom in NH₃
and the O-atom in H₂O?

32. What is the hybridization on the C-atom in CO₂ and the Si-atom
in SiO₂?

33. What is water pollution?

34. Why do alkenes show geometrical isomerism?

35. How is a mixture of benzoic acid and nitrobenzene separated by

the solvent extraction method?

36. Why do atoms take part in chemical bonding?

37. How is heavy water produced from ordinary water?

38. What happens when boric acid is heated?

 39. How will you purify seawater?

40. Why are alkenes very reactive?

41. What are the harmful effects of particulates?

42. BeCl₂ is a linear molecule whereas CaCl₂ is not. Why?

43. Discuss the anomalous behavior of Beryllium.

44. Give the biological importance of potassium.

45. What are silicones, silicates, and zeolites?

long-answer questions:

1. Discuss VSEPR theory.

 2. Differentiate between Sigma bond and Pi bond.

3. State and explain the law of Mass Action.

4. Explain:

(i) pH

(ii) Common Ion effect

4. Explain the mechanism of addition reactions in Alkenes.

5. Discuss the effect of functional groups in Mono-substituted Benzene.

6. State and explain Charles’ law. How does it lead to the concept of
absolute zero? What are its applications?

7. What are ideal and real gases? What are the reasons for the deviation
of real gases from ideal behavior?

8. Describe in detail the manufacture of sodium carbonate by the Solvay

process. State the principles involved in this process.
10. Name alkali metals. Give their electronic configuration. Discuss the
trends in the following properties of group 1 elements (alkali metals):

(i) Ionization enthalpy

(ii) Basic character of hydroxides

11. Define and explain the inductive effect. How does it explain the relative
strength of carboxylic acids and the basic nature of amines?

12. Explain the following reactions with one example in each case:

(i) Elimination reaction

(ii) Addition reaction

1. How are alkenes prepared from alcohols? How does propene react with
HBr (no peroxides) and H₂O in the presence of H₂SO₄? State the rule
used while writing these reactions.

14. Explain with suitable reactions:

(i) Friedel-Crafts reaction

(ii) Peroxide effect

(iii) Acidic nature of alkynes

15. State and explain:

(i) Pauli’s exclusion principle

(ii) Hund’s rule of maximum spin multiplicity

2. What is meant by the dual nature of a particle in motion? Explain the

dual nature of light radiation.

3. State and explain Le Chatelier’s principle. Which factors can alter the
equilibrium state?

18. Explain the terms:

(i) Solubility product

(ii) Common ion effect

19. What are reaction intermediates? Discuss the structure and relative
stabilities of carbocation, carbanion, and free radicals.

20. Write IUPAC names of the following compounds:

(i) (CH₃)₃C–C₆H₅

(ii) HOOC–CH=CH–COOH

(iii) CH₃–O–CH₂CH₃

21. Complete the following reactions:

(i) CH₃=CHBr + NaNH₂ (Anhydrous) → A + B

(ii) C₆H₆ + CH₃COCl →

(iii) CH₃COOH + NaOH (aq) → A

22. What is conformation? Discuss the conformation of ethane.

23. Discuss the mechanism of electrophilic substitution in the benzene ring.