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1. Introduction to Computer Programming

The document provides an introduction to computer programming, defining key concepts such as programming languages, programmers, and the problem-solving process. It categorizes programming languages into machine, assembly, and high-level languages, and outlines steps for solving programming problems using algorithms, flowcharts, and pseudo-code. Additionally, it includes examples of algorithms and input-process-output (IPO) charts for calculating sums and areas.

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btrnl 2006. Gaming
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8 views

1. Introduction to Computer Programming

The document provides an introduction to computer programming, defining key concepts such as programming languages, programmers, and the problem-solving process. It categorizes programming languages into machine, assembly, and high-level languages, and outlines steps for solving programming problems using algorithms, flowcharts, and pseudo-code. Additionally, it includes examples of algorithms and input-process-output (IPO) charts for calculating sums and areas.

Uploaded by

btrnl 2006. Gaming
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Computer

Programming
CS 111 - Computer Programming
What is Computer Programming?
Computer Programming Programmers Programming Language

It means giving Programmers are the Programmers use a


instruction or directions people who write special language called,
to accomplish specific computer programs. programming languages
task. to communicate with the
computer.
There are approximately 9000+ programming languages used by software and
web developers and other professionals.
Programming Language Categories
1. Machine Language - low level languages and can directly understand by
computer but difficult to ready by humans.

2. Assembly Language - a representation of machine language. These are


instructions translates to machine language instruction called assembler.

3. High Level Language - these are mostly used by programmers today. These
are easy to read and portable. High level languages can be classified into
functional, procedure oriented, object-oriented programming (OOP) and
Logic programming languages.
Challenge 1: Fill in the blanks (not graded)
1. __________________ language is written in 0s and 1s and can be directly
understood by the computer.

2. __________________ language is the easiest to understand, uses words


similar to human language, and is widely used by programmers today.

3. __________________ language uses simple words or mnemonics like "ADD" or


"SUB" to make it easier for humans to write instructions.
Challenge 1: Fill in the blanks (not graded)
4. __________________ refers to giving instructions to a computer to accomplish
a specific task.

5. A __________________ is the person who writes the instructions or code for a


computer to follow.

6. A __________________ is a special language that programmers use to


communicate with the computer.
How it Works: Code Translator from source code to
executable output.

cout << "Hello World!"; Binary: 10111000 00000100


00000000 00000000
Hexadecimal: B8 04 00 00 00
mov eax, B8 04 00 00 00
4 mov ebx, BB 01 00 00 00
1 mov ecx,
msg mov edx,
12 int 0x80
Challenge 2: Fill in the blanks (not graded)
1. The __________________ is where the programmer writes the code in a high-level
programming language like C++.

2. The __________________ translates the source code into an intermediate object


code, which is closer to machine code but still not executable.

3. After the compiler, the __________________ converts the object code into machine
code, which is a series of 0s and 1s the computer can directly understand.

4. Once the code is in __________________, the computer can execute it and perform
the task the programmer intended.
Problem Solving Process:
Programming is the process of solving problem using algorithms and that requires computer solution.

You will learn how to create a computer solution to a specific problem by applying pseudo-code,
input-process-output (IPO), flowcharts and algorithms.

Steps in problem solving process:

STEP 1: Analyze the problem - Problem outline and list of requirements.

STEP 2: Plan the algorithm - Design algorithm using pseudo-code, IPO and flowcharts.

STEP 3: Check the algorithm - Trace algorithm.

STEP 4: Code the algorithm into a program - Implement algorithms into code.

STEP 5: Maintenance - Evaluate and modify the program if necessary. IPO chart is also applicable.
Definition of Terms
Algorithm - step by step solution to solve a problem or to accomplish specific task.

Flowchart - graphical representation of algorithm. There are symbols and illustration to


use.

Pseudo code - tool to plan the algorithm and use short English statements.

Programs - instruction given to a computer.

IPO Chart - use to organized the result of program analysis.


Example: Calculate the sum of two numbers
ALGORITHM

1. Start
2. Input two numbers
3. Add the numbers
4. Display the sum
5. End
Example: Calculate the sum of two numbers
INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT
Input: num1, num2

Process: sum = num1 + num2

Output: sum
Example: Calculate the sum of two numbers
FLOWCHART
START

num1 = 5,
num2 = 3,
sum

sum = num1 + num2

Print sum

END
Example: Calculate the area of a rectangle
ALGORITHM

1. Start
2. Input the length of the rectangle
3. Input the width of the rectangle
4. Compute the area using the formula: Area = Length x Width
5. Display the Area
6. End
Example: Calculate the area of a rectangle
INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT
Input: Length of the rectangle, width of the rectangle

Process: Multiply the length by the width

Output: The area of the rectangle


Example: Calculate the area of a rectangle
FLOWCHART
START

Length = 10

Width = 10

Area = 10 x 10

Print Area

END
Try this!
Use algorithm, IPO, and flowchart to calculate
the average of three numbers.
Try this!
Use algorithm, IPO, and flowchart to find the
area of a circle.
Submit your work in Google Classroom under the Classwork Practice Exercise 1.
Practice Exercise 1: (not graded)
Design an algorithm, IPO chart, and
flowchart to determine whether a number is
positive, negative, or zero.
Data Types, Variables and
Operators
Data Types
Data Types
Syntax: dataType varaibleName = value;

Example below:
Data Types
Syntax: const dataType varaibleName = value;

Example below:
Operators in C++

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