7) Linear Search in C program
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#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a[100], n, i, key;
printf("Enter number of elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter %d elements:\n", n);
for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
scanf("%d", &a[i]);
printf("Enter element to search: ");
scanf("%d", &key);
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if(a[i] == key) {
printf("Element found at index %d\n", i);
return 0;
printf("Element not found.\n");
return 0;
8) (i) C Program to find average marks of 30 students
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#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int marks[30], i, sum = 0;
float average;
printf("Enter marks of 30 students:\n");
for(i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
scanf("%d", &marks[i]);
sum += marks[i];
average = sum / 30.0;
printf("Average marks = %.2f\n", average);
return 0;
(ii) Short note on Reading and Writing using C I/O
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Reading: Use scanf() and getchar() to take input.
Writing: Use printf() and putchar() for output.
Format specifiers (%d, %f, %s, etc.) specify data types.
9) Pointers and their operations in C
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- Pointer stores the address of another variable.
- * (dereference), & (address-of)
- Used for dynamic memory, arrays, and function args.
10) Pass by Value vs Pass by Reference
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- Pass by Value: Copy is passed, original unchanged.
- Pass by Reference: Address is passed, original affected.
- In C, reference is done using pointers.
PART - A
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1) Difference between break and continue:
- The 'break' statement is used to terminate a loop or switch statement prematurely.
Once encountered, control is transferred outside the loop or switch.
Example: Used in searching when the item is found.
- The 'continue' statement skips the current iteration of the loop and moves to the next iteration.
Example: Skipping even numbers in a loop.
2) What is a global variable:
- A global variable is declared outside all functions and is accessible by any function in the
program.
It retains its value throughout the program's execution.
Example: Useful for shared counters, configuration flags, etc.
3) Define paradigm:
- A programming paradigm is a fundamental style of computer programming.
Examples include procedural, object-oriented, functional, and logic programming.
In C, procedural programming is followed where code is organized in procedures or functions.
4) Conditional operators and memory:
- The conditional operator in C is a ternary operator `?:` used to replace simple if-else statements.
Syntax: condition ? expression1 : expression2;
Example: max = (a > b) ? a : b;
- Memory in C includes Stack (for static memory), Heap (for dynamic memory using malloc), Code
segment, and Data segment.
5) Difference between switch and nested if:
- 'switch' is used when we have multiple constant values to compare with a single variable.
It is more readable when comparing many values.
- 'nested if' can handle ranges and complex expressions that 'switch' cannot.
Example: Grading system using ranges of marks.
6) Features of arrays:
- Arrays are collections of elements of the same type stored in contiguous memory.
- They allow random access using index, efficient iteration, and easy traversal.
- Types: One-dimensional, two-dimensional (matrices), etc.
7) Two-dimensional array:
- A 2D array is an array of arrays, resembling a matrix with rows and columns.
Declaration: int arr[3][4];
Access: arr[1][2] represents the element in the 2nd row, 3rd column.
Used in matrix operations, table representations, etc.
8) Syntax for function declaration:
- A function declaration tells the compiler about a function's name, return type, and parameters.
Syntax: return_type function_name(type1 param1, type2 param2);
Example: int sum(int a, int b);
9) Operation of pointers:
- Declaring a pointer: int *ptr;
- Assigning address: ptr = &variable;
- Dereferencing: *ptr gives the value at the address.
- Pointer arithmetic: ptr++, ptr--, etc.
- Pointers can be used in arrays, functions (call by reference), and dynamic memory allocation
(malloc, free).
