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Python OOP

The document provides an overview of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) principles, emphasizing the organization of code into objects that represent real-world entities. It covers core concepts such as classes, instance attributes, inheritance, and encapsulation, along with best practices for using OOP effectively. The document serves as a guide for understanding and implementing OOP in Python programming.

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chana102025
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3 views

Python OOP

The document provides an overview of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) principles, emphasizing the organization of code into objects that represent real-world entities. It covers core concepts such as classes, instance attributes, inheritance, and encapsulation, along with best practices for using OOP effectively. The document serves as a guide for understanding and implementing OOP in Python programming.

Uploaded by

chana102025
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PROGRAMMINGVALLEY.

COM

Python OOP

by programmingvalley.com

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programmingvalley.com 01

What Is OOP?
Object-Oriented Programming
organizes code into objects.
Each object represents a real-world
thing with data (attributes) and actions
(methods).

Why use OOP?


Organize complex code
Reuse code (inheritance)
Avoid repetition
Group logic with data

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Core Concepts
1. Class and Object
Class = blueprint (e.g. Dog)
Object = instance (e.g. my_dog)

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Core Concepts
2. __init__ Method
Special method to initialize an
object
Runs automatically when you
create an object

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Core Concepts
3. Instance Attributes
Belong to the object
Defined with self. inside methods

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Core Concepts
4. Instance Methods
Functions inside the class
Always take self as first argument

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Core Concepts
5. Inheritance
Create new class based on an
existing one
Use the parent class features

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Core Concepts
6. super() Function
Call parent class method in child
class

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Core Concepts
7. Class Attributes
Shared across all objects

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Core Concepts
8. Magic Methods
Built-in methods with double
underscores
Examples:
__str__ – string representation
__len__ – define length
__add__ – define + behavior

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Core Concepts
9. Encapsulation
Keep data private inside class
Use _ or __ for convention

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Core Concepts
10. Composition (Has-A Relationship)
Use objects inside other objects

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Tips
Use self for instance access
Use inheritance for related classes
Use composition for loosely related
logic
Use class attributes sparingly
Favor readability over clever tricks

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