UNIT RIVISION COURSE

DATA HANDLING
Compendium
A. Introduction
B. Data
C. Array
D. Range
E. Frequency distribution
F. Mean
(I)mean of ungrouped or raw data
(II)mean of grouped data
G. Median
H. Mode
I. Bar graph
(I)bar graph
(II)double bar graph
J. Chance and probability
(I)probability at a glance
K. Probability
(I)Experiments with equally likely outcomes
(II)what are chances

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Data
Handling

Data Mean Median Mode Graphs Proabability

Array Grouped Bar Graph Chance

Data
Range Ungrouped Double
Outcomes
Data Bar Graph
Frequency

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A. Introduction
Statistics may be defined as the science of collection, presentation,
analysis and interpretation of numerical data. Information is collected,
presented and organized in the form of tables, graphs, etc., analyzed
and then inferences are drawn from them.

B. Data (Plural of ‘Datum’)

The weights of 25 students of a class, measured in kg are obtained as
under:
35, 28, 26, 30, 32, 35, 26, 31, 36, 28, 29, 30, 27, 26, 36, 30, 25, 28, 29, 28, 27,
28, 30, 32, 31
This collection of a particular type of information in the form of
numerical figures is called, a set of data.
This set of data obtained in the original form is called a set a/raw (or
ungrouped) data.
Each numerical figure in the set of data is called an observation.

C. Array
It is very difficult to draw any inference from this raw set of data. So we
arrange it in ascending or descending order of size. The above set of
data arranged in ascending order is
25, 26, 26, 26, 27, 27, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 29, 29, 30, 30, 30, 30, 31, 31, 32, 32,
35, 35, 36, 36
Arranging the numerical figures of a set of data in ascending or
descending order is called an array.

D. Range
By presenting the data in the above manner we can get some
information about the data.

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Lowest weight = 25 kg, Highest weight = 36 kg
Given set of data is called its range.
Here the range = 36 – 25 = 11.

E. Frequency Distribution
The number of times a particular observation occurs is called its
frequency. The frequency of 26 kg in the above data is 3 and the
frequency of 28 is 5. We may represent the set of data obtained above
in a tabular form showing the frequency of each observation beside
it as under:
Weights of children Tally Marks Frequency
(in kg)
25 | 1
26 ||| 3
27 || 2
28 |||| 5
29 || 2
30 |||| 4
31 || 2
32 || 2
35 || 2
36 || 2

The table showing the frequencies of various observations of data is

called a frequency distribution table or simply frequency table.
We take each observation from the set of data and count them with
the help of strokes called tally marks. For the sake of convenience we
use tally marks in bunches of five, i.e., the fifth one crossing the four
diagonally.

||||
Five

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Try and learn

Ex. 1. The marks scored by 35 students in a mathematics test were as

under:
60, 65, 100, 70, 85, 75, 95, 90, 65, 70, 80, 95, 70, 75, 75, 70, 80, 80, 70, 75,
85, 85, 70, 90, 75, 75, 80, 80, 85, 85, 90, 75, 75, 80, 80.
Prepare a frequency distribution table for the above data.
Sol:
First, we re-arrange the given set of data in ascending order as under:
60, 65, 65, 70, 70, 70, 70, 70, 70, 75, 75, 75, 75, 75, 75, 75, 75, 80, 80, 80, 80,
80, 80, 80, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85, 90, 90, 90, 95, 95, 100
The frequency distribution table for the above data is

Score (s) Tally Frequency

60 |
1
65 ||
2
70 |||| |
6
75 |||| |||
8
80 |||| ||
7
85 ||||
5
90 |||
3
95 ||
2
100 |
1

Checkpoint - 1

1. The number of fiction books read by 28 pupils of Grade VIII are 4, 6,

1, 3, 7, 9, 5, 7, 8, 5, 4, 6, 10, 6, 9, 5, 5, 6, 8, 6, 8, 10, 9, 2, 1, 3, 2, 7
Construct a frequency distribution table for the above data.

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2. The weights (in kgs) of 25 students are given as follows:
35, 38, 36, 37, 38, 35, 37, 36, 35, 38, 36, 36, 37, 37, 35, 38, 36, 35, 36, 37,
37, 38, 36, 38, 37.
Prepare a frequency distribution table for the above data.

F. MEAN
The arithmetic mean in statistics is the same as ‘average’ in
arithmetic.

(I) Mean of Ungrouped or Raw Data

The mean of a set of data is found out by dividing the sum of all the
observations by the total number of observations in the data. We
denote the mean by

Sum of observations
X=
Number of observations

Try and learn

Ex.1.The daily maximum temperature recorded in °C at Delhi during

the first week of July, 2013 was as under: 39, 37, 38, 28, 30, 35, 36. Find
the mean temperature recorded.

Sum of observations
Sol: Mean temperature =
Number of observations

39+37+38+30+35+36
=
7
243
= =34.7° C.
7

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Ex. 2. Following are the ages (in years) of 10 teachers in a school.

32, 41, 27, 54, 36, 25, 28, 57, 40, 38

(i) What is the age of the oldest teacher and that of the youngest
teacher?
(ii) Find the range of the ages of the teachers.
(iii) Find the mean age.

Sol:

Arranging in ascending order, we get 25, 27, 28, 32, 36, 38, 40, 41, 54, 57
From the above set of data, we find that

) Age of the oldest teacher = 57 years

Age of the youngest teacher = 25 years.
(ii) Range = (57 – 25) years = 32 years
Sum of observations
(iii) Mean age =
Number of observations

32+41+27+54+36+25 28+57+40+38
=
10
378
= years=37.8 years.
10

Note:

For finding mean, it is not necessary to arrange the given set of data in
an ascending or descending order.
6.2) Arithmetic Mean of an Grouped Frequency Distribution
Consider the frequency distribution showing scores of 35 students in a
mathematics test.
Mean of
Total Score
these scores =
Number of students

One way would be to add the scores of all the 35 boys as separate
addends and then divide the sum by 35.

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It will be quite cumbersome. Right?
We can make the task easier by multiplying each score by its
frequency and then dividing by the total number of boys. Then,

Scores (s) Frequency (f)

60 1
65 2
70 6
75 8
80 7
85 5
90 3
95 2
100 1
Total 35

60 ×1+65 ×2+70 ×6+75 ×8+80 ×7+85 ×5+90 ×3+95 ×2+100 ×1

X=
35
60+130+420+600+560+425+270+190+100
X=
35
2755 551
= = =78.71 marks
35 7
It is more convenient to find the products of the scores and the
frequencies by adding an extra column to the frequency table and
arranging the work as shown in table alongside:

Score (x) Frequency (f) fx

60 1 60
65 2 130
70 6 420
75 8 600
80 7 560
85 5 425
90 3 270
95 2 190
100 1 100
Total 35 2755

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Sum of f x column
Mean =
Sum of f column

∑ fx ∑ fx
= or , where N= ∑ f
∑f N

2755 551
= = =78.71 marks
35 7

Note that, The symbol ∑ is pronounced ‘sigma’ and is used for the
phrase ‘the sum of’.

Try and learn

Ex 1 : Find the mean of following distribution:

x 5 15 25 35 5
f 7 8 20 10 5

Sol:
Sum of f x column X f fx
Mean =
Sum of f column
5 7 35
1230 15 8 120
= 25 20 500
50
35 10 350
123 45 5 225
=
5 Total 50 1230
= 24.6 Ans

Ex. 2: The height in cm of 50 girls are given below. Calculate the mean
height?

Height 150 151 152 153 154 155

Frequency 3 12 9 6 15 5

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Sol: To calculate mean height

Height (in cm) (x) Frequency (f) fx

150 3 150 x 3 = 450
151 12 151 x 12 = 1812
152 9 152 x 9 = 1368
153 6 153 x 6 = 918
154 15 154 x 15 = 2310
155 5 155 x 5 = 775
Total ∑ f =50 ∑ fx =7633

7633
⟹Mean= =152.66=152.7 (correct to one decimal place)
50

Checkpoint - 2

Ques1. The marks of 14 students out of 10 are given below. Calculate

the mean marks?

Students 5 3 4 2
Marks 6 7 8 9

Ques2. The number of Trees and number of houses are given in are
given below. Calculate the average number of trees?

No. of house 3 2 4 5
No. of Trees 8 7 9 10

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G. Median
A group of students took a spelling test. After evaluation, the teacher
announced that " on an average" each of the five students’ mis-spelled
18 words. Shown at the right is the actual number of words mis-spelled
by each student.
Is 18 the mean of these scores? (Yes). How many mis-spelled at least 18
words? (One). Does 18 satisfactorily represent the five scores? (No)
The five scores are arranged in order. Which score has the same
number of scores above it as below it? (10) Is 10 a more satisfactory
representative score? (Yes) Why or Why not? (Ans: It is more
representative of all of the scores than 18.
Why 10?
If a set of data contains a few very high scores or very low scores, the
mean does not satisfactorily represent the data. In situations such as
these it is often more desirable to use the middle score, called the
median, as the representative score.
The median of a set of numbers is the middle number when all the
numbers are arranged in order of size, i.e., in descending or ascending
order.

Student Number of words mis-spelled

Sunil 50
Manish 15
Ashok 10
Subodh 9
Rekha 6

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Highlight:

To find the median for a set of numbers, arrange them in order of size
and select the middle number. If there is no middle number, that is
when the number of numbers in the data is even, then the mean of
the two middle scores is the median.

Try and learn

Ex. 1 : What is median weekly salary of workers in a firm whose salaries

are ₹84, ₹60, ₹50, ₹40, ₹45, ₹42, ₹38, ₹65, ₹71?

Sol:

1. First arrange data in ascending order:

₹38, ₹40, ₹42, ₹45, ₹50, ₹60, ₹38, ₹65, ₹71, ₹84
2. Next, count the number of salaries. It is 9. The fifth salary (₹50) has
four salaries which are less than it and four salaries above it.
Therefore ₹50 is the middle or median salary
Ex. 2 : Find the median salary of following salaries of workers:
₹56, ₹89, ₹121, ₹38, ₹98, ₹70, ₹70, ₹72
Sol: Arrange the salaries in ascending order:
₹38, ₹56, ₹70, ₹70, ₹72, ₹89, ₹98, ₹121
Count the number of salaries. It is 8.
Find the salary which has the same number of salaries above and
below it. In this case there is no single such salary so, median will be
mean of the fourth and fifth salary.
72+70 142
Median = = = ₹71 Ans.
2 2

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Checkpoint - 3

1. Find median of the following

(a)2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 5
(b)4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 18
(c)60, 33, 63, 61, 44, 48, 51, 61
(d)13, 22, 25, 8, 11, 19, 17, 31, 16, 10, 16.5

H. Mode
Miss Gita observed at a club meeting that three of the girls wore red
dresses, seven wore black dresses and four wore pink dresses.
Since more girls wore black than any other colour she said, “Black is
the mode or fashion.”
The mode is another kind of average and it is found by observing the
frequency with which each number in a set of numbers occurs. Since
the mode can be found by inspection, it is the easiest of the measures
of central tendency to obtain. However, as you will soon see it is not
specially reliable index of clustering.
The mode of a set of numbers is the number which occurs most
frequently in the set. If no number occurs more than once, the set of
data is said to have no mode. If different numbers occur the same
number of times, the set of data has more than one mode.

For example

(a) 6, 7, 8, 9, 14 – no mode

(b)16, 17,17, 17 , 18 , 18, 19, 21 – one mode 17

(c)52, 58, 58 ,58, 64, 65, 65, 65 – two mode 58 and 65

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Try and learn

Ex. 1. Find the mode of following years of experience of teachers in

school:
10, 12, 5, 4, 7, 6, 7, 4, 2, 7, 1, 2, 3, 10, 1, 7, 5, 4.
Sol:
By inspection 7 is repeated most number of times i.e. 4 times so ‘7’ is
the mode.
Or mode of teachers experience data is 7 years.

Checkpoint - 4

Find the mode in following data?

(a)2, 2, 3, 4, 2, 4, 5, 2, 3. (b)1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3.

I. Bar Graphs
(i)Bar graph

Numbers can often be understood more easily if they are pictured.

One of the best ways of picturing sets of values is a bar graph.
Bar graphs consist of an axis and a series of labeled horizontal or
vertical bars that show different values for each bar. You have already
studied bar graphs in detail in Class VI.
Let us revise the same with the help of the following examples.
Ex.1: The table shows the sale of some fruit in one day by a local
market:
Fruit Papaya Pears Mangoes Oranges Apples
Sale (in kg) 16 8 24 40 52

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Represent the data by a bar graph.

Sol:

The scale we have taken here is

1 unit = 10kg, you have graph
paper?
Try to make same bar graph with
2 units = 10 kg Mention any three
differences between two bar
graphs here:

Ex.2 : The bar graph shows marks scored by Manan in four terminal
exams.

(i)In which term did manan score

the most and how much?
(ii)What is the lowest score and in
which term?
(iii)What is scale used to draw the
graph.

Sol:

(i)85 marks in Term IV

(ii)50 marks in Term III

(iii)The scale that is used here is 1 unit = 10marks

(ii)Double Bar Graph

A double or dual bar graph helps you to make comparisons between

two related pieces of data at the same time.

Let’s understand with an example:

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Ex. 1 : The number of students in a class arriving late for school one
week was:

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Week 1 4 5 2 3 2
Week 2 6 3 4 1 2

Sol:

This dual chart shows the set of data for each week in different
shades:

Try and learn

Ex. 2: The graph given below compares the heights and weight of
various animals.
Sol: The scale that is taken here is 1 unit = 100 cm (or 10 kg) From the
above graph, we can say that the length and the weight of a dolphin
are 250 cm and 250 kg respectively (approx.). The height of both the
bars in this case lies between 200 and 300.
TRUE or FASLE:
1. The range of the heights is around 300cm.
2. The tallest animal has the greatest weight.
3. The weight of ostrich is around 300 kg.
4. The ratio of the height to weight for lion is about 2:1.

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J. Chance and Probability:
Introduction (Chance factor in life)

Death is a certainty. Every living creature which is born is bound to die.

It is certain that the sun will rise from the east.

It is impossible you will grow taller than a giraffe.
It is also impossible you will see a living dinosaur in any Zoo.

Besides such events as above whose happening is either certain or

impossible, there are events in our daily life which are possible or likely
but uncertain. We cannot be sure whether they would happen or not.
is possible or likely that Mr. Singh will win the election but we cannot
be sure. is quite possible or very likely that you would be selected for
the school team but it is not certain. When you buy a lottery ticket it is
possible that you may win. But since lakhs of people would have
bought the tickets, the chances of your winning are very less. We may
say that there is a very poor chance of your winning or to put it in other
words it is very unlikely that you will win.

If you toss a coin, you are not sure, which one, the head or the tail will
show up. The chances of it being either head or tail are even or equal.
We say that it is equally likely that it will be either head or tail.

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Ravi is a brilliant student while Savita is an average student. is very
likely or we may say there is a good chance that both will get promo-
tion to the next class. However, it is very unlikely, that is, there is a poor
chance that Savita will get first position in the class.

We say that cricket is a game of luck or

chance. We cannot say with certainty
which team will win. In a cricket match
between two good teams, both teams have
an even chance of winning. You may also
express it by saying that it is equally likely
that team A or team B will win.

Probability at a Glance

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K. Probability
Probability uses numbers to measure the chance of an outcome
happening. You can mark the probability of an outcome happening
on a probability scale.

Let’s understand probability with an example:

Checkpoint - 6

Mark each of these outcomes on a probability scale.

Give reasons for your answers.

(a) The Republic Parade will be held on 26 January next year.

(b) It will rain in Delhi in July next year.
(c) It will snow in Mussoorie next May.
(d) When you throw a coin it will land as a head.
(e) You will be ayear younger next year.

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(I)Experiments with equally likely Outcomes:

When you perform the experiment of tossing a coin, there are just
two possible outcomes. It will land either with the head or with the
tail up. These two outcomes are equally likely. The chances that a
head will show are 1 out of 2. The probability, or measure of chance of
this outcome is therefore 1/2 .

Try and learn

Which is more likely?

1. There are 7 red and 3 green marbles in a jar. Ankit

draws one marble without looking. What are the
outcomes? (red marble or green marble) Which is
more likely?

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Ans. (A red marble)
2. Ayushree wants to eat fruit at lunch time.
She picks up an item without cooking.
Which fruit is more likely to be picked up?
Give reason.
Ans.(Mango, because there are more mangoes in the basket).

3. A pupil’s name is to be chosen from Mrs Brown’s class by drawing

chits bearing names. There are 25 chits – 18 with names of girls and
7 with names of boys. Which is more likely to be chosen – a boy or
a girl?
Ans. A girl because there are more chits bearing the names of girls
than of boys.

(ii)What Are Chances?

What are chances?

1. A coin is tossed. It can land head or tail. The

chance of it landing head is 1/2 How?

2. A bag has six marbles, one red and five

yellow. One marble is drawn without
looking. What is the chance that it is red?
Ans. 1/6.
What is the chance it is yellow?
Ans. 5/6

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3. In the spinner shown, the pointer can land on any
one of the three parts of the same size. So there are
three outcomes. What part of the whole is coloured?
Ans. 1/3.
The chance of the pointer stopping on the coloured part is 1/3. Now,
what is the chance that the pointer will stop on the uncloured
parts? Obviously 2/3. From the above example, we can see that.

Probability (Chance) of something happening

Number of successful outcomes

=
Number of possible outcomes

Try and learn

Ex. 1. A deck of 20 cards has five black cards and fifteen red cards. One
card is drawn without looking at the cards. What is the chance that it
is black? What is the chance that it is red?

Sol:
Number of possible outcomes = 20
(i) Number of black cards = 5
5 1
∴ Chance that the drawn card is black = = .
20 4
(ii)Number of red cards = 15
15 3
Chance that the drawn card is red = – .
20 4

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Checkpoint

1. Probability of head in a coin toss.

2. Probability of rain on a rainy days.
3. Probability of sunny day in cold country.
4. Probability of a Prime number on a dice toss.

Bird’s-eye view

SUMMARY OF KEY FACTS: MEAN | MEDIAN | MODE

1. The collection of a particular type of information in numerical

figures is called data, eg., heights of a particular number of
students, marks of students in a particular subject, etc.
2. The data obtained initially is called raw-data.
3. Arranging numerical figures of a set of data in ascending or
descending order is called and array.
4. The difference between the highest and lowest values of
observation in a set of data, is called the range of the data, e.g., if
highest marks in Mathematics in a class = 100 and lowest marks =
22, then range = 100–22 = 78.
5. The number of times a particular observation occurs is called its
frequency.
Sum of observations
6. Mean of ungrouped data = x= .
Number of observations
∑ fx
7. Mean of ungrouped data = x= ∑f
. Where f is the frequency

corresponding to observations x and ∑ represents sum.

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8. The median of a set of numbers is the middle number when all the
numbers are arranged in order of size, i.e., either ascending or
descending.
9. In case the set of numbers has even number of values, median is
the mean of the two middle scores.
10. The number which occurs most frequently in a set of numbers is
known as the mode.

Probability

1. When an event has two equally likely outcomes, each outcome has
an even chance of happening.
For example, when you toss a coin, heads and tails are equally likely
to come up. They have an even chance of happening.
2. A likelihood scale runs from impossible to certain, with an 'even
chance' in the middle.
3. Probability uses numbers to measure the chance of an outcome
happening.
4. All probabilities have a value between 0 and 1.

Number of successful outcomes

5. Probability = .
Number of all possible outcomes

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Solved examples

Question 1. The mean age of 5 children of a family is 12 years. If four of

them are respectively 6, 11, 13 and 16 years, find the age of the fifth child.
Sol: Let the age of the fifth child be x years.
Sum of ages
Then, mean age =
Number of children

6+11+13+16+x
12=
5
46+x
⇒ 12= ⇒x+46=60 ⇒x=60-46=14 years
5
Question 2.Given that the mean of five numbers is 27. If one of the
numbers is excluded, the mean becomes 25. Determine the excluded
number.
Sol. Mean of 5 number = 27.
∴ Sum of 5 numbers = 27 x 5 = 135
Given one number is excluded, the average of remaining 4 numbers =
25.
∴ Sum of remaining 4 numbers = 4 x 25 = 100.
∴ Excluded number = 135 – 100 = 35.
Question 3.The mean of 5 observations is 15. If mean of the first three
observations is 14 and that of the last three is 17, find the third
observation.
Sol. The mean of 5 observations = 15
Sum of 5 observations = 5 x 15 = 75
Mean of first 3 observations = 14
Sum of first 3 observations = 3 x 14 = 42

Mean of the last three observations = 17

Sum of the last three observations = 3 x 17 = 51.

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∴ Third observation = 42 + 5 – 75 = 93 – 75 = 18.

Question4. The graph given below

compares the first and second
quarter circulation of five
newspapers.

Sol.

From the above graph we can see that the Town Journal had a
circulation of about 1,500,000 in the first quarter. The second quarter
circulation was about 2,000,000. This shows that the Town Journal’s
circulation increased by about 500,000

Using the graph above, answer the following questions:

(i)Which newspaper has the lowest circulation? (Ans. India Times)

(ii)Which newspaper has the lowest circulation? (Ans. Gazette)

(iii)Which paper has the same circulation in both the quarters?

(Ans. Chronicle)

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Practice yourself

(1 Marks Questions)

1. Fill in the blanks:

(i) A year has 12 months is a ................ event. (certain/ impossible/
likely)
(ii) The probability of an impossible event is .................. .
(iii) A probability scale has values between .............. and ................... .
(iv) When you toss a coin, heads and tails have an .................... chance
of happening.
(v) An event with a 70% probability is a ................... event. (likely/ even
chance/ unlikely)
2. True or False:
(i) Rolling the number 7 on a standard die is an impossible event.
1
(ii) If your chances of being stuck in a traffic jam are , it is a likely
10000

event.
(iii) A bag holds 4 green marbles, 3 red marbles and 5 bluemarbles.
The probability of pulling out a red marble is1⁄2.
(iv) The probability of a certain event is 1.
The probability of drawing a red card from a pack of 52 playing
cards is 1/2.
3. Categorise each outcome as likely or unlikely:
1. Your friend will go to the moon next month.
2. Someone in your class will be absent next week.
3. It will snow in Mussoorie in January.
4. There will be floods in Delhi in March next year.
5. You will become an army officer when you grow up

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(2 Marks Questions )

4. The median of the set of numbers 12, 26, 17, 28, 10, 14 and 35 is?
5. Find the mean of each of following numbers:
(a) First 5 natural numbers
(b) First 7 whole numbers
(c) First 4 prime numbers
(d) ₹7, ₹19, ₹31, ₹43, ₹70
1 1 3
6. Madhu worked. 2 hours on Monday, 3 hours on Tuesday, and 2
2 4 4

hours on Wednesday. What is the mean number of hours she

worked on these three days?
7. Ayushree sat for six tests and Ananya sat for seven tests. Their
percentage scores were:
Ayushree 68 75 70 45 57 77
Ananya 52 87 64 53 74 81 86

Who has the higher mean score?

8. Find the mean of first ten odd natural numbers.
9. If the mean of 16, 14, x, 23, 20 is 18, find the value ofx.
10. If the mean of x, x+2, x+4, x+6, x+8 is 24, findx.

(3 Marks Questions)

11. Nisha secured 73, 86, 78 and 75 marks in four tests. What is the least
number of marks she can secure in her next test, if she has to have a
mean score of 80 marks in five tests?
12. The mean of6 numbers is 24. If one number is excluded, the mean of
remaining numbers becomes 22. Find the excluded number.

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13. Find mean of following frequency distribution:
Weight (kg) 30 31 32 33 34
Number of students 8 10 15 8 9

14. Find mean:

𝑥 2 5 7 8
𝑓 2 4 6 3
15. Find mean:
x 13 15 17 19 21 23
f 8 2 3 4 5 6
16. Find mean:
Marks 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25
Number of students 1 1 3 1 5 3 5 4 2

17. The mean weight of a class of 20 students is 48 kg. Two more

students weighing 60 kg and 58 kg respectively join the class. What
is the mean weight of the class now?
18. 15 students secured the following marks in a test in Statistics. Find
the median marks.
35, 28, 13, 17, 20, 30, 19, 29, 11, 10, 29, 23, 18, 25, 17

19. The marks scored by 10 students are 5,9,8,7, 2,3,4,9,6 and 8. The
median marks are
20. The median of the number 85,86,78,89 and 64 is?
21. Find the mode, and the mean of the following set showing number
of hours of operating life of 25 flashlight batteries:
20, 21, 19, 22, 18, 23, 25, 22, 23, 20, 23, 20, 22, 21, 24, 21, 22, 23, 19, 21, 22,
22, 24, 26, 22.

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22. Find the mode, and the mean for the set of data below.
Number of fiction books read by 28 Grade VIII pupils:
4, 6, 1, 7, 3, 9, 5, 7, 8, 5, 4, 6, 10, 6, 9, 5, 6, 6, 8, 6, 8, 5, 10, 7, 2, 5, 3, 7.
23. True or False
(i)The mode is always one of the numbers in a data.
(ii)The mean is one of the numbers in a data.
(iii)The median is always one of the numbers in a data.

(4 Marks Question)

24. During the festive season , the sales of various gadgets is as under:
Mixer Microwave Toaster DVD Player I pod
250 180 200 260 50
Represent the above information by a bar graph. Draw the bar
graph to represent following information.
25. The marks obtained in different subjects are:
Subject English Maths Science Hindi Social Science
Marks 70 95 80 60 75

26. Use the bar graph below to answer the questions:

(i)How many students scored above 75?
(ii)What score was made by the most students?
(iii)If the pass score was 70, how many did not pass?
(iv)Form a frequency table with the help of the graph and find the
mean score.

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27. The marks in the spelling test are shown in following table:

10 6 7 9 5 7 9 3
3 9 8 7 6 10 7 6
9 5 10 3 8 8 5 9
7 8 6 5 9 6 7 5
4 9 8 7 6 8 10 7

(a)Draw a bar graph to represent this set

of data.
(b)What mark did most pupils score?
(c)How many pupils scored 7or more?

28. Draw a double bar graph for the given information:

Month Jan. Feb. March April May June
Actual Rainfall 3 cm 5 cm 6 cm 7 cm 8 cm 6 cm
Predicted Rainfall 2 cm 3 cm 3 cm 6 cm 10 cm 9 cm

29. The table shows Arun and Sanjay’s test scores. The test were
marked out of
English Maths Science History Geography Hindi Art
Arun 20 7 12 14 16 18 11
Sanjay 17 13 18 9 19 10 8

30. (a)Draw a dual bar chart to compare their results.

(b)If anyone scored less than10 they had to do the test again. Which
tests did (i) Sanjay (ii) Arun have to do again?

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1. The mean weight of a class of 20 students is 48 kg. Two more

students weighing 60 kg and 58 kg respectively join the class.
What is the mean weight of the class now?
2. If the median of 46, 64, 88, 40, x, 76, 35, 91, 56, 32 and 91 is 58,find
the value of x.
3. The adjacent graph shows the points
scored in five games of basketball.
Study the graphs and answer the
questions that follow.

(i) How many games did our team

win?
(ii) What is the highest score? Who scored and in which game?
(iii) By how many points did our team win the third game?
(iv) What is the opponent's team highest score?
4. Find the mean of the first 5 even numbers.
5. The mean of 10 observations is 3.5. If two observations namely 3.5
and 2.5 are deleted, find the new mean.
6. The mean, median and mode of four numbers is 8. The smallest
number is 7. Find the numbers.
7. The mean of three numbers a, band c is 8 and the mean of five
numbers a, b, c, d and e is 15. Find the mean of d and e?
8. Find a if the mean mark is 1.
Mark 0 1 2 3 4
No. of Students A 4 3 2 1

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9. The mean age of 25 students in a class is 12. If the teacher's age is
included, the mean age increases by 1. The teacher's age in years is?
10. The mean of 100 numbers is 45. The mean of the last 99 numbers is
44. The first number is?
11. Consider these set of data collected from the survey of a colony.

Favourite sport Watching Participating

Cricket 960 720
Basketball 440 280
Swimming 500 320
Hockey 430 270
Atheletics 340 100

(a) Draw a double bar graph, choosing an appropriate scale, to

depict the given information.
(b) Which sport is most popular?
(c) Which is more preferred, watching or participating in sports?
(d) Which ratio is greater?
Watching cricket: Participating in cricket or watching
basketball: Participating in basketball
12. A box contains 4 packs of chocolates. Shruti takes out a pack
without looking at the packs. What is the chance (probability) that
she picks:
13. During a class survey, it was found out that cheese pizza is the
favorite snack for 30 out40 students. Which per cent is closest to
the probability that a student's favourite snack is cheese pizza?
14. Six of 24 students in a class are left handed. Write the probability of
randomly selecting a left handed student?

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15. The probability that Sanchit will draw a vowel card from five cards
bearing the letters a, e, i, o, and u is
16. You and seven friends contribute money for a gift. Every one's
name is put in a hat. The person whose name is chosen gets the
gift. What is the probability of your getting the gift?
17. What is the probability of choosing a vowel from the letters of the
word "PENCIL"?
18. A bag contains 8 red buttons and 6 green buttons. Mrs Sharma
takes out 2 red buttons and does not keep them back. Now the
chance of drawing a red button or a green button is 50%. True or
False.
19. The mean of6 numbers is 24. If one number is excluded, the mean
of remaining numbers becomes 22. Find the excluded number.
20. Nisha secured 73, 86, 78 and 75 marks in four tests. What is the
least number of marks she can secure in her next test, if she has to
have a mean score of80 marks in five tests?

Solutions

Checkpoint 2
1. 7.21 2. 8.85

Checkpoint 3:

1. 5
2. 18
3. 61
4. 16.5

Checkpoint 4:

1. 2 2. 3

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Checkpoint 5:

1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True

Checkpoint 6:

(a) It is certain. Republic Day Parade is held on 26 January every year 1.

(b) It is very likely to rain in July in Delhi. ¾
(c) It is unlikely because there is normally no snowfall in Mussoorie in
May. ¼
(d) A coin has an even chance of landing on a head. ½
(e) It is impossible for anybody to be a year younger the following year
0.

Checkpoint 7:

1. 1/2
2. 1
3. 0
4. 1/2

Novice level

1 Mark Questions

1. (i) certain (ii) 0 (iii) 0 , 1 (iv) equal (v) likely

2. True , False , False , True , True
3. Unlikely , likely , likely , unlikely , likely

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2 Marks Questions

4. 17
5. (a) 3 (b) 3 (c) 4.25 (d) 34
6. 17/4
7. Ananya 71%
8. 10
9. 17
10. 16
11. 98
12. 34
13. 32
14. 6
15. 18.17
16. 21.32
17. 49
18. 20
19. 6.5
20. 85
23. True, False, False

Advanced level

1. 49
2. 58
3. (i) 3 (ii) 18 , Game 1 our team (iii) 8.5 (iv) 14
4. 6
5. 29/8
6. 7, 8, 8, 9

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7. 25.5
8. 10
9. 38
10. 144
12. (a) 1/4 (b) 1/2
13. 75%
14. 1/4
15. 1
16. 1/8
17. 1/3
18. True
19. 34
20. 98

Report:

Checkpoint A Remark

This section is to be filled by the creator of the module. This section includes the plagiarism report,

Grammarly progress and other applicable criteria.

A Plagiarism check (General Instruction 7)  (11%)

B Grammarly check (G.I. 8) 

C Flow chart (G.I. 6) 

D Order and sequence (G.I.9) 

E Solved examples (As many as you can) 

F Question arrangement / Basic level (G.I.10) 

G Question arrangement / Advanced level (G.I.11) 

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H Cross word + word search (G.I.12) NA

I Solutions (G.I.13) 

J Summary (G.I.14) 

K Accessory boxes (G.I.15) NA

L First review (by self) 

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