Sure! Here are 100 beginner-level Python programs organized into categories.
These exercises will help
you understand basic concepts and build a strong foundation in Python programming. Let's get started:
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### **Basic Programs**
1. **Hello World**
- Print "Hello, World!" to the console.
2. **Print Your Name**
- Input your name and display a greeting.
3. **Simple Addition**
- Add two numbers provided by the user.
4. **Arithmetic Operations**
- Perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
5. **Swap Two Numbers**
- Swap values of two variables with and without a temporary variable.
6. **Area and Perimeter of a Rectangle**
- Calculate based on user input for length and width.
7. **Area and Circumference of a Circle**
- Compute using the radius provided by the user.
8. **Temperature Conversion**
- Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius and vice versa.
9. **Simple Interest Calculator**
- Calculate simple interest based on principal, rate, and time.
10. **Compound Interest Calculator**
- Compute compound interest for given values.
---
### **Control Flow Statements**
11. **Even or Odd**
- Determine if a number is even or odd.
12. **Positive or Negative Number**
- Check if a number is positive, negative, or zero.
13. **Largest of Three Numbers**
- Find the largest among three user-input numbers.
14. **Leap Year Checker**
- Determine if a given year is a leap year.
15. **Grade Calculator**
- Assign grades based on marks using if-else statements.
16. **Vowel or Consonant**
- Check whether an input character is a vowel or consonant.
17. **Simple Calculator Using If-Else**
- Perform basic arithmetic operations based on user choice.
18. **Number Guessing Game**
- Allow the user to guess a randomly generated number.
---
### **Loops**
21. **Print Numbers from 1 to N**
- Use a loop to print numbers from 1 up to N.
22. **Sum of Natural Numbers**
- Calculate the sum of natural numbers up to N.
23. **Multiplication Table**
- Display the multiplication table of a given number.
24. **Factorial of a Number**
- Compute the factorial using a loop.
25. **Fibonacci Series**
- Generate Fibonacci series up to N terms.
26. **Reverse a Number**
- Reverse the digits of an integer.
27. **Palindrome Number**
- Check if a number is a palindrome.
28. **Armstrong Number**
- Determine if a number is an Armstrong number.
29. **Prime Number Checker**
- Check if a number is prime.
30. **Print Prime Numbers in a Range**
- Display all prime numbers between two intervals.
31. **Sum of Digits**
- Calculate the sum of the digits of a number.
32. **ASCII Values**
Display ASCII values for characters 0-255
33. **ASCII Values**
- Display ASCII values for characters 0-127
34. **HCF and LCM**
- Find the Highest Common Factor and Least Common Multiple.
35. **Count Number of Digits**
- Count the number of digits in an integer.
36. **Power of a Number**
- Calculate X^Y without using built-in functions.
37. **Binary to Decimal Conversion**
- Convert a binary number to decimal.
38. **Decimal to Binary Conversion**
- Convert a decimal number to binary.
39. **Sum of Even and Odd Numbers**
- Calculate sums of even and odd numbers in a range.
40. **GCD Using Euclidean Algorithm**
- Find GCD of two numbers using loops.
---
### **Lists**
41. **List Element Input and Output**
- Input elements into a list and display them.
42. **List Sum and Average**
- Find the sum and average of list elements.
43. **Find Largest and Smallest in List**
- Identify the largest and smallest elements in a list.
44. **Reverse a List**
- Reverse the elements of a list.
45. **Duplicate Elements in List**
- Find and display duplicate elements.
46. **Merge Two Lists**
- Merge two lists into a third list.
47. **List Sorting**
- Sort the elements using bubble sort or selection sort.
48. **Second Largest Element**
- Find the second largest element in a list.
49. **Frequency of Elements**
- Count the frequency of each element in a list.
50. **Matrix Addition**
- Add two matrices provided by the user.
51. **Matrix Multiplication**
- Multiply two matrices.
52. **Transpose of a Matrix**
- Find the transpose of a given matrix.
53. **Sparse Matrix Representation**
- Represent a sparse matrix efficiently.
54. **Remove Duplicates from List**
- Create a list without duplicate elements.
55. **Cyclically Permute List Elements**
- Rotate list elements to the right or left.
---
### **Strings**
56. **String Input and Output**
- Accept a string from the user and display it.
57. **String Length**
- Find the length of a string without using built-in functions.
58. **String Comparison**
- Compare two strings for equality.
59. **String Concatenation**
- Concatenate two strings without using built-in functions.
60. **Substring Extraction**
- Extract a substring from a given string.
61. **Character Frequency**
- Count the frequency of each character in a string.
62. **Palindrome String**
- Check if a string is a palindrome.
63. **Anagram Checker**
- Check if two strings are anagrams.
64. **Vowel and Consonant Counter**
- Count the number of vowels and consonants in a string.
65. **Word Count in a String**
- Count the number of words in a sentence.
66. **Reverse a String**
- Reverse the string without using built-in functions.
67. **Toggle Case of Characters**
- Change uppercase letters to lowercase and vice versa.
68. **Remove Whitespace**
- Remove all white spaces from a string.
69. **Find Duplicate Words**
- Identify duplicate words in a sentence.
70. **String to Integer Conversion**
- Convert a numeric string to an integer.
---
### **Functions and Methods**
71. **Simple Functions**
- Write functions for addition, subtraction, etc.
72. **Recursive Factorial**
- Calculate factorial using recursion.
73. **Recursive Fibonacci**
- Generate Fibonacci series using recursion.
74. **Prime Number Function**
- Check if a number is prime using a function.
75. **GCD and LCM Functions**
- Find GCD and LCM using functions.
76. **Overloaded Functions**
- Demonstrate method overloading.
77. **Pass by Value and Reference**
- Show the difference in function calling.
---
### **File Input/Output**
78. **File Reading**
- Read data from a text file.
79. **File Writing**
- Write data to a text file.
80. **Copy File Contents**
- Copy contents from one file to another.
81. **Count Words in File**
- Count the number of words in a file.
---
### **Classes and Objects**
82. **Class and Object Creation**
- Create a simple class and instantiate objects.
83. **Constructor Usage**
- Demonstrate default and parameterized constructors.
84. **Encapsulation**
- Implement encapsulation with getters and setters.
85. **Inheritance Example**
- Show single and multilevel inheritance.
86. **Method Overriding**
- Demonstrate method overriding in subclasses.
87. **Abstract Classes**
- Use abstract classes and methods.
88. **Interfaces Implementation**
- Implement interfaces in classes.
89. **Polymorphism**
- Show compile-time and run-time polymorphism.
90. **Static Method and Variable**
- Demonstrate the use of static methods and variables.
---
### **Exception Handling**
91. **Try-Except Example**
- Handle exceptions using try-except blocks.
92. **Multiple Exceptions**
- Handle multiple exceptions in a program.
93. **Custom Exceptions**
- Create and use custom exception classes.
94. **Finally Block**
- Demonstrate the use of a finally block.
95. **Raise Exception**
- Use the raise keyword to throw an exception.
---
### **Advanced Concepts (Introductory)**
96. **Lambda Functions**
- Use lambda functions for short anonymous functions.
97. **List Comprehensions**
- Generate lists using list comprehensions.
98. **Generators**
- Implement generators using the yield keyword.
99. **Decorators**
- Use decorators to modify the behavior of functions.
100. **Context Managers**
- Use context managers with the `with` keyword.
---
### **Next Steps and Tips**
Working through these programs will give you hands-on experience with various aspects of Python
programming. Here are some tips to make the most out of these exercises:
- **Start Simple**: Begin with the basic programs and gradually move to more complex ones.
- **Understand the Concepts**: Don't just code—ensure you understand why you're writing each line.
- **Experiment**: Modify the programs to see different outcomes and reinforce learning.
- **Debug**: Learn to read error messages and debug your code.
- **Document Your Code**: Write comments to explain your logic; this is a good habit for future
