Boost Your Linux Skills with

53 Advanced Commands!
Level up your command-line skills. Swipe through for system
monitoring, networking, security, and more!

By : Tech Fusionist

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Table of contents

htop: Interactive Process Viewing

iotop: Disk I/O Monitoring

nmon: All-in-One Performance Tool

mpstat: CPU Usage Statistics

vmstat: Virtual Memory Statistics

sar: Collect & Display System Data

pidstat: Per-Process CPU Monitoring

dstat: Versatile Resource Monitoring

lsof: List Open Files

watch: Repeat Commands Regularly

ss: Socket Statistics

iperf: Network Bandwidth Testing

mtr: Ping + Traceroute

nc (netcat): Network Swiss Army Knife

tcpdump: Packet Analyzer

nmap: Network Exploration

ip rule: Advanced Routing

bridge: Network Bridge Management

ethtool: Interface Settings

dig: Query DNS Records

lsblk: List Block Devices

blkid: Block Device Attributes

mkfs.ext4: Format Partitions

tune2fs: Adjust ext Filesystems

mount -o loop: Mount ISOs

fsck: Filesystem Check & Repair

parted: Advanced Partitioning

xfs\_info: XFS Filesystem Details

btrfs: Manage Btrfs Filesystems

cryptsetup: Encrypted Volumes

nohup: Immune to Hangups

timeout: Run with Time Limit

nice: Lower Priority

renice: Change Priority

fg: Foreground Job

bg: Background Job

disown: Detach from Shell

strace: System Call Tracer

ltrace: Library Call Tracer Sold to

schedtool: CPU Scheduling Policies

setfacl: Manage ACLs

getfacl: View ACLs

auditctl: Configure Auditing

ausearch: Search Audit Logs

pam\_tally2: Failed Login Lockout

firewalld: Dynamic Firewall

semanage: SELinux Policies

restorecon: SELinux Contexts

fail2ban-client: Intrusion Prevention

rkhunter: Rootkit Scanner

expect: Automate Interactions

awk: Text Processing Power

jq: JSON Command Line Tool

htop vs top

Netcat: Port Scanning

tcpdump: Capture Filters

strace: Focus on Specific Calls

jq: Complex Transformations

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iotop: Disk I/O Monitoring
See which processes are thrashing your disk. iotop
displays real-time disk read/write activity per process.

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nmon: All-in-One
Performance Tool
A single tool for CPU, memory, network, and disk
monitoring. Great for quick system health checks.

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mpstat: CPU Usage Statistics
Dig deeper into CPU performance. mpstat provides
detailed CPU usage statistics, broken down by core.

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vmstat: Virtual Memory
Statistics
Understand memory performance. vmstat reports on
virtual memory, processes, CPU activity, and I/O.

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sar: Collect & Display
System Data
Historical system performance. sar collects, reports,
and saves system activity information over time.

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pidstat: Per-Process CPU
Monitoring
Isolate CPU hogs. pidstat monitors CPU usage,
memory, I/O, and more, on a per-process basis.

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dstat: Versatile Resource
Monitoring
The ultimate monitoring tool? dstat combines vmstat,
iostat, ifstat, and netstat to provide a unified view.

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lsof: List Open Files
Find out what's using a file. lsof lists all open files and
the processes that are using them.

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watch: Repeat Commands
Regularly
Track changes over time. watch re-runs a command
at specified intervals, highlighting differences.

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ss: Socket Statistics
A modern netstat replacement. ss displays detailed
network socket information, including TCP, UDP, and
more.

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iperf: Network Bandwidth
Testing
Measure network speed. iperf measures network
bandwidth performance between two systems.

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mtr: Ping + Traceroute
Network diagnostics in one. mtr combines ping and
traceroute functionality for network troubleshooting.

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nc (netcat): Network Swiss
Army Knife
Open connections, scan ports. nc can be used for
network connections, port scanning, and data
transfer.

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tcpdump: Packet Analyzer
Dive into network traffic. tcpdump captures and
analyzes network packets for troubleshooting.

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nmap: Network Exploration
Port scanning and service discovery. nmap scans
networks for open ports, services, and operating
systems.

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ip rule: Advanced Routing
Control network routing. ip rule manages routing rules
for advanced network configurations.

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bridge: Network Bridge
Management
Connect networks together. bridge manages network
bridge interfaces for creating virtual networks.

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ethtool: Interface Settings
Fine-tune your network cards. ethtool displays and
modifies network interface settings, such as speed
and duplex.

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dig: Query DNS Records
Troubleshoot DNS issues. dig queries DNS records for
domains, providing information like IP addresses and
mail servers.

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lsblk: List Block Devices
See your disks. lsblk displays information about block
devices, like hard drives and partitions.

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blkid: Block Device
Attributes
Find UUIDs and file systems. blkid displays attributes
of block devices, like UUIDs and file system types.

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mkfs.ext4: Format Partitions
Create ext4 file systems. mkfs.ext4 formats a
partition with the ext4 filesystem.

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tune2fs: Adjust ext
Filesystems
Tune your file systems. tune2fs adjusts tunable
parameters on ext-based filesystems.

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mount -o loop: Mount ISOs
Mount ISO images without burning. Use mount -o
loop to mount ISO or disk images.

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fsck: Filesystem Check &
Repair
Fix disk errors. fsck checks and repairs filesystem
errors on a partition.

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parted: Advanced
Partitioning
Powerful disk partitioning. parted is an advanced tool
for creating, resizing, and managing disk partitions.

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xfs\_info: XFS Filesystem
Details
Get XFS information. xfs_info displays detailed
information about an XFS filesystem.

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btrfs: Manage Btrfs
Filesystems
Next-gen filesystem management. btrfs is a modern
filesystem with advanced features like snapshots and
copy-on-write.

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cryptsetup: Encrypted
Volumes
Protect your data. cryptsetup sets up encrypted LUKS
volumes for secure storage.

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nohup: Immune to Hangups
Run commands that survive terminal closure. nohup
runs commands immune to hangups, redirecting
output to a file.

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timeout: Run with Time
Limit
Prevent runaway processes. timeout runs a command
with a specified time limit.

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nice: Lower Priority
Be a good neighbor. nice runs a command with a
reduced scheduling priority.

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renice: Change Priority
Adjust running processes. renice changes the priority
of a running process.

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fg: Foreground Job
Bring a background job to the foreground. fg brings a
background job to the active terminal.

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bg: Background Job
Send a job to the background. bg resumes a
suspended job in the background.

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disown: Detach from Shell
Remove jobs from the job table. disown removes jobs
from the shell's job table.

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strace: System Call Tracer
Understand process behavior. strace traces system
calls of a running process.

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ltrace: Library Call Tracer
Trace library function calls. ltrace traces library
function calls of a process.

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schedtool: CPU Scheduling
Policies
Control process scheduling. schedtool sets CPU
scheduling policies for processes.

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setfacl: Manage ACLs
Fine-grained permissions. setfacl manages access
control lists (ACLs) for files and directories.

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getfacl: View ACLs
See who has access. getfacl views ACLs for files and
directories.

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auditctl: Configure Auditing
Track system events. auditctl configures the Linux
Audit framework for security monitoring.

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ausearch: Search Audit Logs
Analyze audit data. ausearch searches audit logs for
specific events or users.

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pam\_tally2: Failed Login
Lockout
Prevent brute-force attacks. pam_tally2 locks/unlocks
user accounts after failed login attempts.

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firewalld: Dynamic Firewall
Manage firewall rules. firewalld dynamically manages
firewall rules, making it easy to allow or block traffic.

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semanage: SELinux Policies
Configure SELinux policies. semanage manages
SELinux policies for enhanced security.

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restorecon: SELinux
Contexts
Fix SELinux issues. restorecon restores SELinux
contexts on files, ensuring correct security labels.

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fail2ban-client: Intrusion
Prevention
Ban malicious IPs. fail2ban-client manages Fail2Ban
for intrusion prevention, automatically banning IPs
that show malicious behavior.

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rkhunter: Rootkit Scanner
Scan for rootkits. rkhunter scans for rootkits and
suspicious activity on a system.

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expect: Automate
Interactions
Automate interactive applications. expect automates
interactive applications, scripting responses to
prompts.

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awk: Text Processing Power
Process and manipulate text. awk is a powerful tool
for processing and manipulating text in scripts.

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jq: JSON Command Line Tool
Parse and manipulate JSON. jq parses and
manipulates JSON data from the command line.

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htop vs top
htop is similar to top, but allows you to scroll vertically
and horizontally, and it shows you the full command
lines of processes.

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Netcat: Port Scanning
Test network connections. Use netcat for port
scanning and verifying network services are running.
Example: nc -zv host port

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tcpdump: Capture Filters
Be more specific. Use tcpdump filters (e.g., port, host)
to capture only relevant network traffic. tcpdump -i
eth0 port 80

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strace: Focus on Specific
Calls
Narrow down your search. strace can filter system
calls to focus on specific areas of process behavior.
strace -eopen ls

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jq: Complex
Transformations
JSON transformations. jq can perform complex
transformations on JSON data, not just simple
extraction.

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Linux Command Mastery!
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