Task Optimization
Mateo Prigl
SOFTWARE DEVELOPER
Demo
Brace expansion
Demo
Build commands from stdin with xargs
Demo
Checking for destructive operations
Demo
Opening files in external programs
Summary Brace expansion
Build commands with xargs
Checking for destructive operations
Opening files in external programs
Summary
UNIX Filesystem
/
/bin /etc /home /var
bash crontab /mprigl /cache
car cups /john /lib
chmod fonts /mike /lock
cp fstab /lara /log
date host.conf /opt
echo hostname ...
grep hosts
... ...
~ sign represents your home directory
Navigation in Check your current directory with pwd
Shell
Move to other directories with cd
File Types
Directories – contain other files
Regular files
Match patterns with wildcards
* matches zero or more characters
Globbing ? matches exactly one character
[A-Z] will match any letter of the alphabet
Z Shell has glob qualifiers
Use find to locate files by name
Create files with touch
Managing Create directories with mkdir
Files Remove empty directories with rmdir
Remove files with rm
Remove non-empty directories with rm –r
Command-line Text Editors
nano vi emacs
Page through the file with more and less
Reading File Read the first lines of a file with head
Contents Read the last lines of a file with tail
Count the number of lines with wc
Input/Output Redirection
stdin stdout
Command
0 1
stderr
2
Redirect standard input with <
Input/Output Redirect standard output with >
Redirection Redirect standard error with 2>
Create command pipelines with |
Pick the data from a line with cut
Processing Translate characters with tr
Lines Get unique lines with uniq
Sort lines with sort
File Permissions
Permissions File Directory
Read (r) Open and read List the contents
r
Add, remove and
Write (w) Edit (modify) contents
rename files within it
Execute
Execute (x) (executable file)
Enter inside (cd into it)
Changing Permissions
File Permissions (symbolic mode)
u user
= set permissions
g group
chmod + add permission
r w x filename
o other
- remove permission
a all
Changing Permissions
File Permissions (absolute/numeric mode)
4 2 1
r w x
1 0 0 1 --x
chmod 2 0 1 0 -w- filename
4 1 0 0 r--
1+2=3 0 1 1 -wx
Default UNIX Permissions
File Permission Directory Permission
666 777
rw-rw-rw- rwxrwxrwx
Default File Permissions
Default
6 6 6 rw-rw-rw-
permissions
Umask - 0 2 2 --- -w- -w-
6 4 4 rw- r-- r--
Create users with useradd
Managing Set the login password with passwd
Users and User information is stored in /etc/passw
Groups Create groups with addgroup
Login to other account with su - username
Special File Permissions
Permissions File Directory
Run file as a file
SUID (s or S)
r owner
Run file as a
All of the files inside of it will
SGID (s or S) member of the
belong to the directory group
file group
Prevents files inside of it from
Sticky bit (t or T) being removed by anyone but
the owner of that file
Copy files with cp
Moving Files Move and rename files with mv
Backup and synchronize files with rsync
Soft (symbolic) links only hold the filename
of a file they point to
Links
Hard links point to inodes
Processing Search for patterns with grep
Text Transform text with sed and awk
SED Workflow
$ sed ' ' file
file Terminal
Pattern space first line
first line
first line
second line Input stream Output stream
third line
Hold buffer
AWK Workflow
awk
'BEGIN {
print "execute before everything"
}
/expression/ {
print "execute on each line from the input stream"
}
END {
print "execute after everything"
}'
filename
Tar Options
Option Purpose
v Verbose output
f Use an archive file
r
c Create an archive
t List the archive content
x Extract files from an archive
z Gzip compression
j Bzip2 compression
