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JavaScript Interview Questions and Answers

Last Updated : 15 Oct, 2024

JavaScript (JS) is the most popular lightweight, scripting, and interpreted

programming language. It was developed by Brendan Eich in 1995.
JavaScript is well-known as a scripting language for web pages, mobile
apps, web servers, and many other platforms. It is essential for
both front-end and back-end developers to have a strong command of
JavaScript, as many job roles require fluency in this language.

Below, we have compiled the Top 45+ JavaScript Interview Questions and
Answers tailored for both freshers and experienced developers with 3, 5,
and 8 years of experience. Here, we will cover everything, including Core
JavaScript Concepts, ES6+ features, DOM manipulation, asynchronous
JavaScript, error handling, JavaScript frameworks and libraries, and more,
that will surely help you crack your next JavaScript interview.

JavaScript Interview Questions

Note: Before proceeding to learn JavaScript interview questions and

answers, if you are completely new to the language, we recommend
building a solid foundation first by exploring our free JavaScript
Tutorial

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Table of Content
JavaScript Interview Questions for Freshers
JavaScript Intermediate Interview Questions
JavaScript Interview Questions for Experienced

JavaScript Interview Questions for Freshers

Let’s discuss some common questions that you should prepare for the
interviews. These questions will be helpful in clearing the interviews
specially for the frontend development role.

1. What are the differences between Java and JavaScript?

Java is an object Oriented Programming language while JavaScript is a

client-side scripting language. Both of them are totally different from each
other.

Java: It is one of the most popular programming languages. It is an

object-oriented programming language and has a virtual machine
platform that allows you to create compiled programs that run on
nearly every platform. Java promised, “Write Once, Run Anywhere”.
JavaScript: It is a light-weighted programming language (“scripting
language”) for developing interactive web pages. It can insert dynamic
text into the HTML elements. JavaScript is also known as the browser’s
language.

To give yourself an extra edge, consider taking our JavaScript Course,

which not only covers core topics but also provides interview preparation
tips, practice problems, and insights from industry experts.

2. What are Data Types in JavaScript?

JavaScript data types are categorized into two parts i.e. primitive and non-
primitive types.
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 Primitive Data Type: The predefined data types provided by JavaScript
language are known as primitive data type. Primitive data types are
also known as in-built data types.
Numbers
Strings
Boolean
Symbol
Undefined
Null
BigInt
Non-Premitive Data Type: The data types that are derived from
primitive data types are known as non-primitive data types. It is also
known as derived data types or reference data types.
Objects
Functions
Arrays

3. Which symbol is used for comments in JavaScript?

Comments prevent the execution of statements. Comments are ignored

while the compiler executes the code. There are two type of symbols to
represent comments in JavaScript:

Double slash: It is known as a single-line comment.

// Single line comment

Slash with Asterisk: It is known as a multi-line comment.

/*
Multi-line comments
. . .
*/
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4. What would be the result of 3+2+”7″?

Here, 3 and 2 behave like an integer, and “7” behaves like a string. So 3
plus 2 will be 5. Then the output will be 5+”7″ = 57.

5. What is the use of the isNaN function?

The number isNan function determines whether the passed value is NaN
(Not a number) and is of the type “Number”. In JavaScript, the value NaN
is considered a type of number. It returns true if the argument is not a
number, else it returns false.

6. Which is faster in JavaScript and ASP script?

JavaScript is faster compared to ASP Script. JavaScript is a client-side

scripting language and does not depend on the server to execute. The
ASP script is a server-side scripting language always dependable on the
server.

7. What is negative infinity?

The negative infinity is a constant value represents the lowest available

value. It means that no other number is lesser than this value. It can be
generate using a self-made function or by an arithmetic operation.
JavaScript shows the NEGATIVE_INFINITY value as -Infinity.

8. Is it possible to break JavaScript Code into several lines?

Yes, it is possible to break the JavaScript code into several lines in a string
statement. It can be broken by using the backslash n ‘\n’.

For example:

console.log("A Online Computer Science Portal\n for Geeks")

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The code-breaking line is avoid by JavaScript which is not preferable.

let gfg= 10, GFG = 5,

Geeks =
gfg + GFG;

9. Which company developed JavaScript?

Netscape developed JavaScript and was created by Brenden Eich in the

year of 1995.

10. What are undeclared and undefined variables?

Undefined: It occurs when a variable is declare but not assign any

value. Undefined is not a keyword.
Undeclared: It occurs when we try to access any variable which is not
initialize or declare earlier using the var or const keyword. If we use
‘typeof’ operator to get the value of an undeclare variable, we will face
the runtime error with the return value as “undefined”. The scope of the
undeclare variables is always global.

11. Write a JavaScript code for adding new elements dynamically.

html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Document</title>
</head>

<body>
<button onclick="create()">
Click Here!
</button>

<script>
function create() {
let geeks =Open In App
document.createElement('geeks');
 geeks.textContent = "Geeksforgeeks";
geeks.setAttribute('class', 'note');
document.body.appendChild(geeks);
}
</script>
</body>

</html>

12. What are global variables? How are these variables declared, and
what are the problems associated with them?

In contrast, global variables are the variables that define outside of

functions. These variables have a global scope, so they can be used by
any function without passing them to the function as parameters.

Example:

javascript

let petName = "Rocky"; // Global Variable

myFunction();

function myFunction() {
console.log("Inside myFunction - Type of petName:", typeof
petName);
console.log("Inside myFunction - petName:", petName);
}

console.log("Outside myFunction - Type of petName:", typeof

petName);
console.log("Outside myFunction - petName:", petName);

Output

Inside myFunction - Type of petName: string

Inside myFunction - petName: Rocky
Outside myFunction - Type of petName: string
Outside myFunction - petName: Rocky
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It is difficult to debug and test the code that relies on global variables.

13. What do you mean by NULL in JavaScript?

The NULL value represents that no value or no object. It is known as

empty value/object.

14. How to delete property-specific values?

The delete keyword deletes the whole property and all the values at once
like

let gfg={Course: "DSA", Duration:30};

delete gfg.Course;

15. What is a prompt box?

The prompt box is a dialog box with an optional message prompting the
user to input some text. It is often used if the user wants to input a value
before entering a page. It returns a string containing the text entered by
the user, or null.

16. What is the ‘this’ keyword in JavaScript?

Functions in JavaScript are essential objects. Like objects, it can be

assign to variables, pass to other functions, and return from functions.
And much like objects, they have their own properties. ‘this’ stores the
current execution context of the JavaScript program. Thus, when it use
inside a function, the value of ‘this’ will change depending on how the
function is defined, how it is invoked, and the default execution context.

17. Explain the working of timers in JavaScript. Also explain the

drawbacks of using the timer, if any.

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The timer executes some specific code at a specific time or any small
amount of code in repetition to do that you need to use the functions
setTimout, setInterval, and clearInterval. If the JavaScript code sets the
timer to 2 minutes and when the times are up then the page displays an
alert message “times up”. The setTimeout() method calls a function or
evaluates an expression after a specified number of milliseconds.

18. What is the difference between ViewState and SessionState?

ViewState: It is specific to a single page in a session.

SessionState: It is user specific that can access all the data on the web
pages.

19. How to submit a form using JavaScript?

You can use document.form[0].submit()method to submit the form in

JavaScript.

20. Does JavaScript support automatic type conversion?

Yes, JavaScript supports automatic type conversion.

JavaScript Intermediate Interview Questions

21. What are all the looping structures in JavaScript?

while loop: A while loop is a control flow statement that allows code to
be executed repeatedly based on a given Boolean condition. The while
loop can be thought of as a repeating if statement.
for loop: A for loop provides a concise way of writing the loop
structure. Unlike a while loop, for statement consumes the
initialization, condition and increment/decrement in one line thereby
providing a shorter, easy to debug structure of looping.

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 do while: A do-while loop is similar to while loop with the only
difference that it checks the condition after executing the statements,
and therefore is an example of Exit Control Loop.

22. How can the style/class of an element be changed?

To change the style/class of an element there are two possible ways. We

use document.getElementByID method

document.getElementById("myText").style.fontSize = "16px;

document.getElementById("myText").className = "class";

23. Explain how to read and write a file using JavaScript?

The readFile() functions is used for reading operation.

readFile( Path, Options, Callback)

The writeFile() functions is used for writing operation.

writeFile( Path, Data, Callback)

24. What is called Variable typing in JavaScript ?

The variable typing is the type of variable used to store a number and
using that same variable to assign a “string”.

Geeks = 42;
Geeks = "GeeksforGeeks";

25. How to convert the string of any base to integer in JavaScript?

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In JavaScript, parseInt() function is used to convert the string to an
integer. This function returns an integer of base which is specified in
second argument of parseInt() function. The parseInt() function returns
Nan (not a number) when the string doesn’t contain number.

26. Explain how to detect the operating system on the client machine?

To detect the operating system on the client machine, one can simply use
navigator.appVersion or navigator.userAgent property. The Navigator
appVersion property is a read-only property and it returns the string that
represents the version information of the browser.

27. What are the types of Pop up boxes available in JavaScript?

There are three types of pop boxes available in JavaScript.

Alert
Confirm
Prompt

28. What is the difference between an alert box and a confirmation box?

An alert box will display only one button which is the OK button. It is used
to inform the user about the agreement has to agree. But a Confirmation
box displays two buttons OK and cancel, where the user can decide to
agree or not.

29. What is the disadvantage of using innerHTML in JavaScript?

There are lots of disadvantages of using the innerHTML in JavaScript as

the content will replace everywhere. If you use += like “innerHTML =
innerHTML + ‘html’” still the old content is replaced by HTML. It preserves
event handlers attached to any DOM elements.

30. What is the use of void(0) ?Open In App

The void(0) is used to call another method without refreshing the page
during the calling time parameter “zero” will be passed.

For further reading, check out our dedicated article on Intermediate

Javascript Interview Questions. Inside, you’ll discover over 20
questions with detailed answers.

JavaScript Interview Questions for Experienced

31. What is the ‘Strict’ mode in JavaScript and how can it be enabled?

Strict Mode is a new feature in ECMAScript 5 that allows you to place a

program or a function in a “strict” operating context. This strict context
prevents certain actions from being taken and throws more exceptions.
The statement “use strict” instructs the browser to use the Strict mode,
which is a reduced and safer feature set of JavaScript.

32. How to get the status of a CheckBox?

The DOM Input Checkbox Property is used to set or return the checked
status of a checkbox field. This property is used to reflect the HTML
Checked attribute.

document.getElementById("GFG").checked;

If the CheckBox is checked then it returns True.

33. How to explain closures in JavaScript and when to use it?

The closure is created when a child functions to keep the environment of

the parent’s scope even after the parent’s function has already executed.
The Closure is a locally declared variable related to a function. The
closure will provide better control over the code when using them.

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 JavaScript

// Explanation of closure
function foo() {
let b = 1;
function inner() {
return b;
}
return inner;
}
let get_func_inner = foo();

console.log(get_func_inner());
console.log(get_func_inner());
console.log(get_func_inner());

Output

1
1
1

34. What is the difference between call() and apply() methods ?

Both methods are used in a different situation

call() Method: It calls the method, taking the owner object as

argument. The keyword this refers to the ‘owner’ of the function or the
object it belongs to. We can call a method that can be used on different
objects.
apply() Method: The apply() method is used to write methods, which
can be used on different objects. It is different from the function call()
because it takes arguments as an array.

35. How to target a particular frame from a hyperlink in JavaScript ?

This can be done by using the target attribute in the hyperlink. Like
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 <a href="/geeksforgeeks.htm" target="newframe">New Page</a>

36. Write the errors shown in JavaScript?

There are three different types of errors in JavaScript.

Syntax error: A syntax error is an error in the syntax of a sequence of

characters or tokens that are intended to be written in a particular
programming language.
Logical error: It is the most difficult error to be traced as it is the error
on the logical part of the coding or logical error is a bug in a program
that causes to operate incorrectly and terminate abnormally.
Runtime Error: A runtime error is an error that occurs during the
running of the program, also known as an exception.

37. What is the difference between JavaScript and Jscript?

JavaScript

It is a scripting language developed by Netscape.

It is used to design client and server-side applications.
It is completely independent of Java language.

Jscript

It is a scripting language developed by Microsoft.

It is used to design active online content for the word wide Web.

38. What does var myArray = [[]]; statement declares?

In JavaScript, this statement is used to declare a two-dimensional array.

39. How many ways an HTML element can be accessed in JavaScript

code?

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There are four possible ways to access HTML elements in JavaScript
which are:

getElementById() Method: It is used to get the element by its id name.

getElementsByClass() Method: It is used to get all the elements that
have the given classname.
getElementsByTagName() Method: It is used to get all the elements
that have the given tag name.
querySelector() Method: This function takes CSS style selector and
returns the first selected element.

40. What is the difference between innerHTML & innerText?

The innerText property sets or returns the text content as plain text of the
specified node, and all its descendants whereas the innerHTML property
sets or returns the plain text or HTML contents in the elements. Unlike
innerText, inner HTML lets you work with HTML rich text and doesn’t
automatically encode and decode text.

41. What is an event bubbling in JavaScript?

Consider a situation an element is present inside another element and

both of them handle an event. When an event occurs in bubbling, the
innermost element handles the event first, then the outer, and so on.

For further reading, check out our dedicated article on Advanced

Javascript Interview Questions. Inside, you’ll discover 20+ questions
with detailed answers.

JavaScript MCQ Coding Interview Questions

42. What will be the output of the following code?

JavaScript Open In App

 (function() {
var a = b = 5;
})();
console.log(typeof a);
console.log(typeof b);

Options:

1. typeof a: "undefined"

typeof b: "number"
2. typeof a: “number”
typeof b: “number”
3. typeof a: “undefined”
typeof b: “undefined”
4. typeof a: “number”
typeof b: “undefined”

Answer:

Explanation:

Inside the IIFE, b = 5 is treated as a global variable (since no var, let,

or const keyword is used).
However, a is declared with var and is local to the function, so it
is undefined outside.

43. What will be logged in the console?

console.log(1 < 2 < 3);

console.log(3 > 2 > 1);

Options: Open In App

1. true, true

2. true, false

3. false, true

4. false, false

Answer:

Explanation:

1 < 2 < 3 is evaluated as (1 < 2) < 3, which becomes true < 3. In

JavaScript, true is treated as 1, so 1 < 3 is true.
3 > 2 > 1 becomes (3 > 2) > 1, which results in true > 1.

Since true is 1, the comparison becomes 1 > 1, which is false.

44. What will be the output of the following code?

const obj1 = { a: 1 };
const obj2 = { a: 1 };
console.log(obj1 == obj2);
console.log(obj1 === obj2);

Options:

1. true, true

2. false, false

3. false, true

4. True, false

Answer:

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2
Explanation:

In JavaScript, objects are compared by reference, not by value.

Since obj1 and obj2 point to different memory locations,
both == and === comparisons return false.

45. What will be the result of the following code?

let x = 10;
let y = (x++, x + 1, x * 2);
console.log(y);

1. 11
2. 22
3. 12
4. 20

Answer:

Explanation:

The comma operator ( , ) evaluates all expressions but returns the

value of the last one.
x++ increments x to 11, but the result of this expression is the
original 10.
x + 1 becomes 11 + 1 = 12, and the final expression x * 2 evaluates
to 11 * 2 = 22, which is assigned to y.

46. What will be the output of this asynchronous JavaScript code?

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 console.log('A');
setTimeout(() => console.log('B'), 0);
Promise.resolve().then(() => console.log('C'));
console.log('D');

1. A D B C

2. A B C D
3. A D C B

4. A C D B

Answer:

Explanation:

The synchronous code runs first, logging 'A' and 'D'.

Promise callbacks (microtasks) are executed
before setTimeout (macrotasks). So 'C' is logged before 'B'.

47. What will be the output of this recursive function?

function foo(num) {
if (num === 0) return 1;
return num + foo(num - 1);
}
console.log(foo(3));

1. 3
2. 6
3. 7
4. 10

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Answer:
3

Explanation:

The function works recursively:

foo(3) →3 + foo(2)

foo(2) →2 + foo(1)
foo(1) →1 + foo(0)

foo(0) →1
So, the total is 3 + 2 + 1 + 1 = 7.

48. What will be printed in the following code?

let a = [1, 2, 3];

let b = a;
b.push(4);
console.log(a);
console.log(b);

Options:

1. [1, 2, 3]

[1, 2, 3, 4]
2. [1, 2, 3, 4]
[1, 2, 3, 4]
3. [1, 2, 3]
[1, 2, 3]
4. [1, 2, 3, 4]
[1, 2, 3]

Answer:

2
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Explanation:

In JavaScript, arrays are reference types. Both a and b point to the

same array in memory. Modifying b also affects a.

49. What will be logged by the following code?

function test() {
console.log(this);
}
test.call(null);

1. null
2. undefined
3. Window or global object
4. TypeError

Answer:

Explanation:

In non-strict mode, calling a function with this set to null defaults to

the global object (Window in browsers or global in Node.js).

Javascript Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs

What are the primitive data types in JavaScript?

There are six: number, string, boolean, null, undefined, and symbol.

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How do you explain ‘hoisting’ in JavaScript?

Variable declarations are hoisted to the top of their scope, allowing

access before their actual definition.

What’s the difference between ‘===’ and ‘==’?

=== checks for strict equality (value and type), while == performs type
coercion before comparison.

How can you loop through the elements of an array?

Use a for loop or a forEach method to iterate over each item in the
array.

Are you feeling lost in OS, DBMS, CN, SQL, and DSA chaos? Our Complete
Interview Preparation Course is your solution! Trusted by over 100,000+
Geeks, it covers all essential topics, ensuring you're well-prepared for
technical challenges. Join the ranks of successful candidates and unlock
your placement potential. Enroll now and start your journey to a
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