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Standard Library

Built-in Functions

Built-in functions are Readily available for reuse.

Some of the built Functions are

1. print()

2. max()

3. min()

4. len() and many more..

Standard Library

Python provides several such useful values (constants), classes and

functions.

This collection of predefined utilities is referred as the Python Standard

Library

All these functionalities are organized into different modules.

In Python context, any file containing a Python code is called

a module

These modules are further organized into folders known as packages

Different modules are:

1. collections

2. random

3. datetime

4. math and many more..

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Working with Standard Library

To use a functionality defined in a module we need to import that module in

our program.
PYTHON

1 import module_name

Math Module

math module provides us to access some common math functions and

constants.

Code
PYTHON

1 import math
2 print(math.factorial(5))
3 print(math.pi)

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Output

120
3.141592653589793

Importing module

Importing a module and giving it a new name (aliasing)

Code
PYTHON

1 import math as m1
2 print(m1.factorial(5))

Output

120

Importing from a Module

We can import just a specific definition from a module.

Code
PYTHON

1 from math import factorial

2 print(factorial(5))

Output

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120

Aliasing Imports

We can also import a specific definition from a module and alias it

Code
PYTHON

1 from math import factorial as fact

2 print(fact(5))

Output

120

Random module

Randomness is useful in whenever uncertainty is required.

For example: Rolling a dice, flipping a coin, etc.,

random module provides us utilities to create randomness.

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Randint

randint() is a function in random module which returns a random integer

in the given interval.

Code
PYTHON

1 import random
2 random_integer = random.randint(1, 10)
3 print(random_integer)

Output

Choice

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choice() is a function in random module which returns a random element

from the sequence.

Code
PYTHON

1 import random
2 random_ele = random.choice(["A","B","C"])
3 print(random_ele)

Output

To know more about Python Standard Library, go through the

authentic python documentation
- https://docs.python.org/3/library/

Map, Filter and Reduce

We worked with different sequences (list, tuples, etc.)

To simplify working with sequences we can use

map() , filter() and reduce() functions.

Map

map() applies a given function to each item of a sequence (list, tuple etc.)
and returns a sequence of the results.

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Example - 1

Code
PYTHON

1 def square(n):
2 return n * n
3 numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]
4 result = map(square, numbers)
5 numbers_square = list(result)
6 print(numbers_square)

Output

[1, 4, 9, 16]

Example - 2

Code
PYTHON

1 numbers = list(map(int, input().split()))

2 print(numbers)

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Input

1 2 3 4

Output

[1, 2, 3, 4]

Filter

filter() method filters the elements of a given sequence based on the

result of given function.

The function should return True/False

Code
PYTHON

1 def is_positive_number(num):
2 return num > 0
3
4 list_a = [1, -2, 3, -4]
5 positive_nums = filter(is_positive_number, list_a)
6 print(list(positive_nums))

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Output

[1, 3]

Reduce

reduce() function is defined in the functools module.

Code

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PYTHON

1 from functools import reduce

2
3 def sum_of_num(a, b):
4 return a+b
5
6 list_a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
7 sum_of_list = reduce(sum_of_num, list_a)
8 print(sum_of_list)

Output

10

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