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Standard Library
Built-in Functions
Built-in functions are Readily available for reuse.
Some of the built Functions are
1. print()
2. max()
3. min()
4. len() and many more..
Standard Library
Python provides several such useful values (constants), classes and
functions.
This collection of predefined utilities is referred as the Python Standard
Library
All these functionalities are organized into different modules.
In Python context, any file containing a Python code is called
a module
These modules are further organized into folders known as packages
Different modules are:
1. collections
2. random
3. datetime
4. math and many more..
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Working with Standard Library
To use a functionality defined in a module we need to import that module in
our program.
PYTHON
1 import module_name
Math Module
math module provides us to access some common math functions and
constants.
Code
PYTHON
1 import math
2 print(math.factorial(5))
3 print(math.pi)
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Output
120
3.141592653589793
Importing module
Importing a module and giving it a new name (aliasing)
Code
PYTHON
1 import math as m1
2 print(m1.factorial(5))
Output
120
Importing from a Module
We can import just a specific definition from a module.
Code
PYTHON
1 from math import factorial
2 print(factorial(5))
Output
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120
Aliasing Imports
We can also import a specific definition from a module and alias it
Code
PYTHON
1 from math import factorial as fact
2 print(fact(5))
Output
120
Random module
Randomness is useful in whenever uncertainty is required.
For example: Rolling a dice, flipping a coin, etc.,
random module provides us utilities to create randomness.
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Randint
randint() is a function in random module which returns a random integer
in the given interval.
Code
PYTHON
1 import random
2 random_integer = random.randint(1, 10)
3 print(random_integer)
Output
Choice
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choice() is a function in random module which returns a random element
from the sequence.
Code
PYTHON
1 import random
2 random_ele = random.choice(["A","B","C"])
3 print(random_ele)
Output
To know more about Python Standard Library, go through the
authentic python documentation
- https://docs.python.org/3/library/
Map, Filter and Reduce
We worked with different sequences (list, tuples, etc.)
To simplify working with sequences we can use
map() , filter() and reduce() functions.
Map
map() applies a given function to each item of a sequence (list, tuple etc.)
and returns a sequence of the results.
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Example - 1
Code
PYTHON
1 def square(n):
2 return n * n
3 numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]
4 result = map(square, numbers)
5 numbers_square = list(result)
6 print(numbers_square)
Output
[1, 4, 9, 16]
Example - 2
Code
PYTHON
1 numbers = list(map(int, input().split()))
2 print(numbers)
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Input
1 2 3 4
Output
[1, 2, 3, 4]
Filter
filter() method filters the elements of a given sequence based on the
result of given function.
The function should return True/False
Code
PYTHON
1 def is_positive_number(num):
2 return num > 0
3
4 list_a = [1, -2, 3, -4]
5 positive_nums = filter(is_positive_number, list_a)
6 print(list(positive_nums))
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Output
[1, 3]
Reduce
reduce() function is defined in the functools module.
Code
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PYTHON
1 from functools import reduce
2
3 def sum_of_num(a, b):
4 return a+b
5
6 list_a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
7 sum_of_list = reduce(sum_of_num, list_a)
8 print(sum_of_list)
Output
10
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