RISPER KINYUA
EB13/74168/24
QUESTION 1
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
// Define the structure
struct Person {
string name;
int age;
};
int main() {
Person user; // Create an instance of the structure
// Get input from the user
cout << "Enter your name: ";
getline(cin, user.name);
cout << "Enter your age: ";
cin >> user.age;
// Display the stored information
cout << "\nStored Information:" << endl;
cout << "Name: " << user.name << endl;
cout << "Age: " << user.age << endl;
return 0;
QUESTION 2
1. Variable:
o A variable is a storage location whose value can change during the execution of a
program.
o It allows flexibility and is used to store dynamic data.
o Example:
o int age = 25; // 'age' is a variable and can be reassigned later
o age = 30; // Now the value of 'age' is updated to 30
2. Constant:
o A constant is a storage location whose value cannot change once it's defined.
o It provides fixed data that remains the same throughout program execution.
o Example:
o const double pi = 3.14159; // 'pi' is a constant and cannot be reassigned
o // Attempting to change 'pi' will result in a compilation error
Variables are dynamic, while constants are immutable. Let me know if you'd like to explore more
examples!
QUESTION 3
Boolean expressions are essential in programming as they evaluate to either true or false, enabling
conditional logic and decision-making. They are used in:
1. Control Structures: Driving if, while, and for loops.
2. Validation: Ensuring user inputs or program conditions meet specific requirements.
3. Optimizing Code: Simplifying complex logic into manageable expressions.
Boolean expressions are fundamental in making programs flexible, interactive, and capable of dynamic
responses.
Boolean Expression Example
bool isEven = (number % 2 == 0); // True if the number is even
bool isOdd = (number % 2 != 0); // True if the number is odd
Explanation:
number % 2 == 0: Checks if the remainder of the number divided by 2 is zero (indicating it's
even).
number % 2 != 0: Checks if the remainder is not zero (indicating it's odd).
You can use these expressions in a program like this:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int number;
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> number;
if (number % 2 == 0) {
cout << number << " is even." << endl;
} else {
cout << number << " is odd." << endl;
}
return 0;
QUESTION 4
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Function to initialize the array and calculate its sum
int calculateSum(int arr[], int size) {
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
sum += arr[i];
return sum;
int main() {
const int arraySize = 10; // Size of each array
int arrays[10][arraySize]; // Declare 10 arrays, each of size 10
int sums[10]; // Array to store the sums of each array
// Initialize the arrays with values and calculate sums
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
cout << "Initializing array " << i + 1 << ":\n";
for (int j = 0; j < arraySize; j++) {
arrays[i][j] = i * 10 + j; // Example initialization
cout << arrays[i][j] << " ";
cout << endl;
sums[i] = calculateSum(arrays[i], arraySize); // Calculate sum
// Display results
cout << "\nSums of all arrays:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
cout << "Sum of array " << i + 1 << ": " << sums[i] << endl;
return 0;
QUESTION 5
1. Sequential Control Structure
Description: Instructions are executed in the order they appear, one after another.
Example:
START
Display "Enter two numbers:"
Read number1, number2
sum = number1 + number2
Display "The sum is:", sum
END
2. Selection Control Structure (Conditional)
Description: Decisions are made based on conditions, using statements like if, else, or switch.
Example:
START
Display "Enter a number:"
Read number
IF number > 0 THEN
Display "Positive number"
ELSE IF number < 0 THEN
Display "Negative number"
ELSE
Display "Zero"
ENDIF
END
3. Repetition Control Structure (Looping)
Description: Repeated execution of a block of code using loops like while, for, or do while.
Example:
START
Set counter = 1
WHILE counter <= 5 DO
Display "Counter:", counter
counter = counter + 1
ENDWHILE
END
