CELdek Tech Manual GB-0016-0400

Evaporative Cooling with CELdek
Technical Manual
Natures own cooling

When water evaporates the surrounding air becomes cooler and more humid. This, natures own cooling process, takes place without any need for an external energy supply. The CELdek cooling concept relies on this environmentally friendly principle.
How it works
Water is supplied through a pipe to a distribution pad on top. This ensures an uniform supply of the water to the cooling pad and minimizes the risk of dry spots. The water is then evaporated into the dry and warm air that passes through the pad. The heat that is needed for the evaporation is taken from the air itself. The air that leaves the pad is therefore cooled and humidified simultaneously. The water that is not evaporated is drained back to the reservoir.
High cooling efficiency

To describe the unique design that's typical for the Munters cooling pads presented in this brochure, we shall use the type 7090-15 as an example. The cooling pad is manufactured by bonding together corrugated cellulose sheets with different flute angles. The first one has a flute angle of 60 degrees and the second one has a flute angle of 30 degrees. This unique cross-flow configuration creates an intense contact between the air and the water that provides exceptional evaporation. The result is a pad with a cooling efficiency hard to surpass as well as a cooling process that works in an economic and environmentally friendly way.
with CELdek
Efficient wetting
Our experts have developed a special impregnation and treatment procedure for the CELdek cellulose material providing an efficient wetting of the large contact surfaces in the pad. This unique feature to absorb and disperse large quantities of water minimizes the risk of droplet carryover and keeps the humidification efficiency to a high level for long periods.
Long life
The impregnation also stiffens the material enough to make it self supporting. At the same time, it is efficiently protected against decomposition and rotting caused by water and air. The pad is installed in such a way that the 60 degree angle is directed down towards the air inlet. Therefore, the water flow is directed towards the inlet side of the pad where most of the evaporation takes place. This minimizes any scaling. The design also minimizes clogging of the inlet from atmospheric dust. Conclusion: a pad with a long service life and low maintenance costs.
CELdek, the quality choice

CELdek is the original structured cooling pad. It has been manufactured for more than 30 years, constantly improved and unbeaten by competition. CELdek is manufactured in accordance with our high ISO-9001 quality standards. Choosing CELdek is choosing high performance and quality.
3
Design Guide - air

How to calculate the air conditions after the pad and the water evaporation rate. For this example the following basic data are assumed for a farm: Air flow q Pad length L Pad height H Pad depth D Pad type Ambient conditions: Dry bulb temperature, t1db, Wet bulb temperature, t1wb, 40 C 19 C 720 000 m3/h 100 m 2m 0.1 m 7090-15 1. Calculate the air velocity v q v= m/s L H 3600 720 000 v= = 1.0 m/s 100 2 3600 2. Read the pressure drop p and the saturation efficiency From diagram for pad type 7090-15 at page 6 you read = 78 % and p = 9 Pa at v = 1.0 m/s 3. Calculate the dry bulb temperature t2db t2db = t1db t2db= 40 (t1db - t1wb) 100 C C
x =11.8
2
This means that the air is cooled 16.4C! (From 40C to 23.6C). 4. Calculate the water evaporation rate E Plot the dry bulb temperatures t1db = 40C and t2db = 23.6C on the line for wet bulb temperature t1wb = 19C. Read the moisture content before and after the pad, x1 = 4.9 g/kg and x2 = 11.8 g/kg. Then, calculate the water evaporation rate E: E= 1.2q(x2 - x1) 100060 l/min
78(40 - 19) = 23.6 100
E=
1.2 720 000 (11.8- 4.9) = 99 l/min 1000 60
x =4.9
1
Mo istu re con ten t g/k g (dr y air)

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17
18
19
20
0 50
10 %
RH
30
45
20
t1db
Dry bulb temperature C
40
30
40
35
50
%
60 %
70 %
80%
90% % 100
30
25
25
t2db
20
We
15
4
tb
C e tur ra pe em t ulb
20
t1wb
15
Design Guide - water

How to calculate fresh water consumption and pump capacity In the water distribution system, there are five different water flows, which are defined in the illustration below. the water quality, a so-called bleed-off constant cB can be found in the water quality graph below. Example Assume that our water analysis shows: pH value of fresh water 7.1 Bicarbonate concentration: 200 mg/l HCO3 Calcium concentration: Ca2+ 20 mg/l Using the water quality graph, the bleed-off constant cB=0.2 Then the bleed-off rate B is calculated as: B = cB E B = 0.2 99 = 20 l/min l/min 7. Calculate the distribution flow rate D To get sufficient wetting and optimal performance, a minimum specific water flow per m2 top surface of the pad is needed. The specific water flow cD for different CELdek types are: Pad type 7060-15 7090-15 5090-15 Specific water flow, cD per m2 top surface 60 l/min 60 l/min 90 l/min
D E P F B
E = Evaporation B = Bleed-off F = Fresh water D = Distribution P = Pump capacity 5. Calculate the bleed-off rate B To calculate the bleed-off rate B, you need an analysis of your fresh water. If your water quality is unknown, we can help you with the analyse. Send a small sample of your water to our local representative. Depending on
The distribution flow rate D to the total length of the pads is calculated as follows: D = cD L D l/min
6. Calculate the fresh water consumption F The fresh water consumption F is calculated as: F=E+ B Our example gives: F = 99 + 20 = 119 l/min l/min
Our example with a CELdek pad 7090-15, L = 100 m and D = 0.1 m gives: D = 60 100 0.1 = 600 l/min 8. Calculate the pump capacity P The pump capacity P is calculated as: P=D+B Our example gives: P = 600 + 20 = 620 l/min l/min
2.5
25
250
CaCO3 mg/l 2500 25000

0 00
Ca2+ mg/l 1.0 10 100 1 000

Un su ita bl e
HCO- mg/l 3
10
100
10 000
D ci irec rc t ul w at at 2.0 in er g 1.0 w 0.5 at er 0.2 ) 5

0.1
(N on
w at er
2CO3 mg/l
10
1.0
1. 0
0.1
0.2
0.01 6 7 8 9 pH
10
10 0
00 0
Why bleed-off?
1. Water always contains a certain amount of dissolved minerals.
The importance of bleed-off

The bleed-off rate is the water flow that needs to constantly be drained off to keep the mineral concentration in the water to an optimal level. Too little bleed-off means too much scaling and clogging, and you have to change pads too often. Too much bleed-off results in high water costs but also presoftening as well as a changing of the pads more often than with an optimal bleed-off rate. It is therefore important to calculate the optimal bleed-off rate to get a long lasting pad with high performance.
2. When water evaporates, the mineral concentration in the recirculated water will increase.
3. In order to compensate for the evaporated water E, fresh water must be supplied. Then more minerals are introduced to the system.
4. To avoid a built-up of insoluble minerals on the pad surface (scaling), causing an E increase in pressure drop, some of the recirculating water must be discharged E+B and replaced with fresh water. The discharged water is called the bleed-off B.
Performance Curves
CELdek, Type 7060-15
(
100 0,5
% Saturation efficiency

(
100 0.5

(
15
15 bisector angle
15
Air flow
Sheet angle 60 ( 15 45(

Air velocity v m/s 2 3 4 5
90 ( 30 60(
Air velocity v m/s 3 4 5
90(
100
0.5
D=300
D=
90
mm
300
mm
90
20
90
80
20
80
15
80
70
15
70
70
10 0
60 60 0.5 200 1 2 3 4 m/s 400 300 200
Pressure drop p Pa
60 0,5 100 1
4 m/s
0.5
D= 300 mm 20 0 150 100
De pth , D= 300 mm 20 0 150 100
150 100
Pressure drop p Pa
50
Pressure drop p Pa
40 30 20
50 40 30 20
100
60 40
10
5 4 3 0,5
10
20
5 1 2 3 4 5 Air velocity v m/s 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 Air velocity v m/s
10 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 Air velocity v m/s
A droplet separator should be used for air velocities within the shaded area.
D= 150 mm 100 50 75
30
60 (
Air velocity v m/s 3 4 5
D=1
50 m
10
75
0 10
50
1 2 3 4 m/s
Product Specification
CELdek Cooling Pad
Each cooling pad type is available in standard heights and depths. The standard width is 600 mm. To understand the orderBisector angle ing key in greater detail let us 15 take the type 7090-15 as an example. Type 7 0 9 0 - 15 Flute height, mm Sheet angle, deg. Bisector angle, deg.
Sheet angle, 90 ( (
CELdek Water Distribution Pad

The distribution pad has a special angle arrangement to disperse the water and thus ensure a uniform supply of water to the cooling pads. In this way, the risk of dry spots that may occur in case of an uneven water flow is eliminated. A distribution pad is always advised. The distribution pad has to be ordered by itself and is available in standard heights and depths. The standard width is 600 mm.
Ordering key (Water Distr. Pads)

CELdek 70120 - 0 - W x D x H
60(
Ordering key (Cooling Pads)

CELdek X X X X - XX - H x D x W Type 7060-15 Type 7090-15 Type 5090-15 Height, mm Depth, mm Width, mm
Standard heights
H, mm 500 600 900 1000 1200 1500 1800 2000
t eigh te h Flu
Standard depths
D, mm 7060-15 50 75 100 150 200 300 = Available in these depths Type 7090-15 5090-15
30
Width, mm Depth, mm Height, mm
D H
Standard heights
H, mm 30 50 Standard depths, see under cooling pad.
Height of cooling and distribution pad

If distribution pads are used, do not forget to include the height in your framework.
Munters Europe AB - HumiCool Division Homepage: www.munters.com

FINLAND Munters Oy PL 4 FIN-01301 Vantaa Tel: +358 9 83 860 330 Fax: +358 9 83 860 336 FRANCE Munters S.A 142-176 Av. de Stalingrad Btiment 5 F-92712 Colombes Cedex Tel: +33 1 41 19 24 51 Fax: +33 1 41 19 00 17 GERMANY Munters Euroform GmbH Division HumiCool Postfach 1089 D-52011 Aachen Tel: +49 241 8900 0 Fax: +49 241 8900 189 ITALY Munters S.r.l Division HumiCool P O Box 73 I-20090 ASSAGO Tel: +39 02 488 67 81 Fax: +39 02 488 11 71 ITALY Munters euroemme S.p.A Strada Piani, 2 I-18027 CHIUSAVECCHIA (Imperia) Tel: +39 0183 52 11 Fax: +39 0183 52 13 33
KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA Hawa Munters Co. Ltd P O Box 3790 Riyadh 11481 Tel: +966 1 477 1514 Fax: +966 1 476 0936
SCANDINAVIA AND EXPORT Munters Europe AB HumiCool Division P O Box 434 S-191 24 Sollentuna Tel: +46 8 626 63 00 Fax: +46 8 754 56 66
SOUTH AFRICA Munters (Pty) Ltd. P O Box 4539 Edenvale 1610 Tel: +27 11 455 2550 Fax: +27 11 455 2553
SPAIN Munters Spain S.A Europa Empresarial, Ed. Londres c/Playa de Liencres no. 2 E-28230 Las Rozas de Madrid Tel: +34 91 640 0902 Fax: +34 91 640 1132
UNITED KINGDOM Munters Ltd. Blackstone Road Huntingdon Cambs PE18 6EF Tel: +44 1480 432 243 Fax: +44 1480 411 332
The Humidity Expert

HC/MEX/CGB-0016-04/00
Wijkstrm & Co, Danderyd 2000 08-753 66 88

CELdek Tech Manual GB-0016-0400

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Evaporative Cooling with CELdek

Natures own cooling

High cooling efficiency

CELdek, the quality choice

Design Guide - air

78(40 - 19) = 23.6 100

1.2 720 000 (11.8- 4.9) = 99 l/min 1000 60

Mo istu re con ten t g/k g (dr y air)

Design Guide - water

CaCO3 mg/l 2500 25000

Ca2+ mg/l 1.0 10 100 1 000

D ci irec rc t ul w at at 2.0 in er g 1.0 w 0.5 at er 0.2 ) 5

The importance of bleed-off

CELdek, Type 7090-15

CELdek, Type 5090-15

Sheet angle 60 ( 15 45(

D= 300 mm 20 0 150 100

De pth , D= 300 mm 20 0 150 100

5 1 2 3 4 5 Air velocity v m/s 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 Air velocity v m/s

10 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 Air velocity v m/s

CELdek Water Distribution Pad

Ordering key (Water Distr. Pads)

Ordering key (Cooling Pads)

Width, mm Depth, mm Height, mm

Height of cooling and distribution pad

Munters Europe AB - HumiCool Division Homepage: www.munters.com

The Humidity Expert

Wijkstrm & Co, Danderyd 2000 08-753 66 88

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