SKILLATHON.

CO

INTRODUCTION
TO
PYTHON
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Oh, yes! About me

1. Data Engineer @Redhat

2. Data and Engineering Mentor
@Mentorcruise
3. Worked in couple of AI based Startups
4. Loves Python!

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What we cover & How far?

What you will learn in Basics?

✔ Introduction
Python basics. ✔ Data types
✔ Variables
✔ Conditional statements
✔ Loops
✔ Functions
✔ File I/O
Python For EDA ✔ Exception handling

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Few things to note about Python

❑ Python is not new

First appeared in 1991, where as java 1.0 was launched in 1995

❑ Python supports both Procedural & Object oriented approach

❑ Python is general purpose. Can be used for anything, few are..

✔ Web Development Backend

✔ Scientific computing
✔ Scripting the jobs
✔ Data Analysis
✔ Artificial intelligence

❑ Python is slow in performance when compared to Java

Because, it’s too flexible & dynamic typed, it has to reference a lot of things

❑ For more reading - documentation, tutorials, beginners guide, core distribution…

http://python.org
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How/Where to write python code?

Python interactive shell

Enter python on command prompt

Popular Python Editors

pycharm

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Writing the first python code

Python interactive shell

Enter python on command prompt

>>>print(“Hello world”)

print() is python’s inbuilt function

Couple of more samples, you can try..

>>> print (2 + 5 + 9) >>> print (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0)

16 1234567890

>>> x = "Jenny"
>>> print ("Hello John, " + "How are you?“)
>>> print ("%s is my best friend!" %(x))
Hello John, How are you?
Jenny is my best friend!
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Python Variables

Variable:
A named piece of memory that can store a value.

Note:
✔ In python, every variable is an object.

✔ we don’t have to declare a variable nor its data type.

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Data types - Numbers

Python’s built in data type lists are..

Numbers, Strings, Lists, Tuples, Set, Dictionary

Numbers:

❑ Integers Assigning numbers to a variable

12 -34
>>> x = 10 #assigning integer
>>> y = 7.0 #assigning floats
❑ Floats – Values with fractional part
>>> z = 2 + 3j #assigning complex number
>>> p = True #assigning Boolean
3.12 123.34523

❑ Complex numbers Note:

To check the type of variable, give
4+3j
type(variable-name) built in function
❑ Booleans
True ,False
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Data types - Strings

Strings are sequence of characters.

✔ Strings can be represented in single or double quotes

a = “Hello” or ‘Hello’

✔ Each character in string can be referenced by an index number

✔ String characters can be accessed with their indices.

Print (var[0])
Print (var[-2])
Print (var[1:5])

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Data types - Lists

List is the ordered sequence of items.

Declaring a list,
Items are enclosed in square brackets [ ] and separated by commas.

Example of a simple list:

>>> a = [ 1 , 2.0 , “jon”]

Note:

✔ As with the above example, a list can contain items of different data-types.
✔ A list can be nested , i.e. it can also contain another list.
>>> b = [ 1 , 2.0, [ 3 , 3.1 ] ]
✔ To extract an item or a range of items from a list using slicing operation.
>>> b[1]
✔ To delete an item del() function is used.
>>> del ( b [ index ] )
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Data types - tuple

Same as list , i.e ordered sequence of items but unlike lists , tuples
are immutable .

Immutable??
once created , cannot be modified.

Tuples are defined within parenthesis ( ) and separated by commas.

>>> a = (1,2,3)

Accessing tuple elements,

>>> Primes = (2, 3, 5, 7)

>>> Print Primes[0] , Primes [-2]

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Tuples & Lists

❑ Lists are mutable, so they are slower in performance

❑ Lists can be modified, so its more powerful than tuples.

❑ Where as tuples values can be accessed but can’t be changed.

tu = (1, 5, 13, 14)

tu[2] = “38” ### this will throw error

❑ Elements cannot be removed from a
tuple.
Conversion between tuples & lists:

Lists 🡺 Tuples Tuples 🡺 Lists

Li = [1, 5, 13, 14] tu = (1, 5, 13, 14)

Tuple1 = tuple(Li) List1 = list(tu)

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Data type : Set

❑ Unordered collection of unique items.

Defined inside braces { } and values separated by commas .

>>> a = { 1, 2 ,3, 3}
>>> print ( a )
{ 1, 2, 3}
Notes:
✔ They eliminate duplicates.
✔ Slicing has no meaning, since it’s unordered.
✔ Set operations like union , intersection etc. can be performed .

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Data type: Dictionary

❑ Unordered collection of Key-Value pairs.

❑ Optimized for retrieving data. We must know the key to retrieve it’s value.

Defined within braces { }, each item being in a pair of key : value

>>> d = { ‘city’:’london’ , ‘country’:’uk’}

❑ We can use dictionaries to store several entities under same key like
>>> d = {‘phone’:[9923443110,9435431321] , ‘name’: ‘raman’ }
❑ Keys are used to retrieve values.
>>>print ( d[‘name’] )
‘raman’

Note:
✔ Generally used when we have a huge amount of data.
✔ Keys and values can be of any type.
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Conditional Statements

❑ Used to perform different computation or actions depending on whether a condition evaluates to be True or
False

❑ Conditions usually uses comparisons and arithmetic expressions with variables.

❑ In python we use conditional statements like:

❑ if
❑ else
❑ elif

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Conditional statement : if

❑ if statements are used to gather condition and determine which part of the
code will get executed and which will not.

❑ Syntax:
if condition:
###body
###rest of the code
❑ Example:
>>> a = 4
>>> if ( a % 2 ):
… print ( “ %d is divisible by 2” %(a))

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Conditional Statement : else

❑ If the condition in if is false then the code in else statement gets executed.

❑ Syntax:
if condition:
#code_1
else:
#code_2

❑ Example :
>>> a = 4
>>> if ( a % 2 ):
… print ( “ %d is divisible by 2” %(a))
… else:
… print (“ %d is not divisible by 2 “ %(a))

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Conditional Statement : elif

❑When we have multiple conditions , we can use elif.

❑ Syntax:
if condition_1:
#code
elif condition_2:
#code
else:
#code
❑Example :
>>> a = 4
>>> if ( a % 2 ):
… print ( “ %d is divisible by 2” %(a))
… elif ( a % 3 ) :
… print( “ %d is divisible by 3 “ %(a))
… else:
… print (“ %d is neither divisible by 2 nor by 3 “ %(a))

Note :
✔Only one of the block will execute when their condition is true
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 Loops

❑ Loop is a sequence of instructions that are continually repeated until a certain

condition is reached.

❑Blocks of code , executed numbers of times.

❑Eliminates the repeating code

❑Loops in python:
for loop
while loop

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Loops : for loop

❑ for loop iterates a given block of codes for a defined number of times.

Example:
#this code prints numbers from 1 to 10
>>for i in range(1,10):
… print ( i )

Note:
✔ range() is a function that defines the range of loop to iterate.
✔Syntax:
range ( start , stop , step )

Another example:

### print all 7 continents

>>> continents = [‘Africa’, ‘Antarctica’, ‘Asia’, ’Australia’, ’Europe’, ’North America’, ’South America’]
>>> for continent in continents:
… print( continent)
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 Conditional Statement : while loop

❑ It’s used when the range is not defined but a condition is specified.

❑The loop will iterate until that condition is true.

❑Syntax:
>>while condition
… #code

Example:

### this code will run until i is positive

>>>while ( i > 0):
… ###code

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Functions

❑Portion of code set-out to do certain task.

Example :

>>>def area_of_sq (side): #defining function

… area = side*side #calculating area
… return area #returning area

.>>>area_of_sq(4) #calling function

Output : 16

Note:
✔The body of the function is intended .
✔We call the defined function simply by it’s name.

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File I/O

❑ We can open,close or write any file in python.

open() function is used to open a file in python.

>>> open ( ‘file_path’, mode , buffering)
write() is used to write a file in python.
close() is used to close a file .

❑ We can take input directly from keyboard using raw_input() function.

>>> a = raw_input() ###takes input from keyboard and save it to “a” variable

❑ To print anything on the screen, print() function is used.

>>> print ( … )

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Exception handling

❑ Exception : An error that occurs when a program , during it’s execution , runs into a condition that’s not
defined.

❑ Example:
>>print(5/0) #will generate an error

❑ To avoid this kind of error, try blocks are used

❑ Syntax:
>>>try:
… #code that may raise an exception
>>>except Exception as e: #throwing the exception
… print(e)

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 Thanks!
Does anyone have any questions?

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