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Java_Basics_Notes

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language designed for platform independence, widely used for mobile and web applications. Key features include simplicity, security, robustness, and dynamic capabilities, along with a variety of data types and operators. A simple Java program example demonstrates the structure and syntax of Java code.

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5 views3 pages

Java_Basics_Notes

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language designed for platform independence, widely used for mobile and web applications. Key features include simplicity, security, robustness, and dynamic capabilities, along with a variety of data types and operators. A simple Java program example demonstrates the structure and syntax of Java code.

Uploaded by

bhanuurathore12
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Java Basics Notes

Definition of Java

Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems in

1995 (now owned by Oracle Corporation). It is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as

possible, which makes it a platform-independent language thanks to the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Java is

widely used for building mobile applications (especially Android), web-based applications, enterprise-level

solutions, and more. Its philosophy is "Write Once, Run Anywhere" (WORA).

Features of Java

1. Simple: Easy to learn with a syntax similar to C++ but without complex features like pointers.

2. Object-Oriented: Everything in Java is treated as an object which improves code reusability.

3. Platform Independent: Java code is compiled into bytecode which runs on any machine with a JVM.

4. Secure: Java provides runtime security features like bytecode verification and no explicit memory pointers.

5. Robust: Java handles memory management automatically with garbage collection and has strong

exception handling.

6. Multithreaded: Allows simultaneous execution of two or more threads for maximum CPU utilization.

7. High Performance: Uses Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler to improve performance.

8. Distributed: Java can be used to create distributed applications using tools like RMI and EJB.

9. Dynamic: Java can adapt to evolving environments through dynamic linking and loading of classes at

runtime.

Data Types in Java

Primitive Data Types

Data Type Size Default Value Description

byte 1 byte 0 Whole numbers from -128 to 127


Java Basics Notes

short 2 bytes 0 Whole numbers from -32,768 to 32,767

int 4 bytes 0 Most commonly used integer type

long 8 bytes 0L Larger range of integers

float 4 bytes 0.0f Single-precision decimal numbers

double 8 bytes 0.0d Double-precision decimal numbers

char 2 bytes '\u0000' Single Unicode character

boolean 1 bit false Stores true or false

Operators in Java

Java Operators

Operator Type Operators Description

Arithmetic +, -, *, /, % Basic arithmetic operations

Relational ==, !=, >, <, >=, <= Compare two values

Logical &&, ||, ! Logical operations

Assignment =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %= Assign and modify values

Unary +, -, ++, --, ! Single operand operations

Bitwise &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>, >>> Operate at bit level

Ternary ?: Conditional decision making

Expressions in Java

An expression in Java is a construct made up of variables, operators, and method calls that evaluates to a

single value.

Example:

int sum = a + b * 10;


Java Basics Notes

Here, 'a + b * 10' is an expression performing arithmetic computation.

Types of Expressions:

- Arithmetic Expressions: a + b, x * y

- Relational Expressions: a > b, x == y

- Logical Expressions: x > 5 && y < 10

Simple Java Program Example

public class HelloWorld {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// This prints "Hello, World!" to the console

System.out.println("Hello, World!");

Explanation:

- public class HelloWorld: Declares a class named HelloWorld.

- public static void main(String[] args): The main method where the program starts execution.

- System.out.println(): Prints the specified message to the console.

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