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Explanation of Operator Overloading in CPP

This document explains a C++ program that demonstrates operator overloading for adding two complex numbers using the + operator. It details the structure of the Complex class, including private data members, a constructor, an overloaded + operator, and a print function. The main function creates two complex number objects, adds them using the overloaded operator, and prints the result.

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6 views3 pages

Explanation of Operator Overloading in CPP

This document explains a C++ program that demonstrates operator overloading for adding two complex numbers using the + operator. It details the structure of the Complex class, including private data members, a constructor, an overloaded + operator, and a print function. The main function creates two complex number objects, adds them using the overloaded operator, and prints the result.

Uploaded by

sarfi034
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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This C++ program demonstrates operator overloading using the + operator for adding two complex

numbers.

Breaking Down the Code:

1. Header Files & Namespace

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

 #include <iostream>: This includes the input-output stream library for using cout and cin.

 using namespace std; : This allows direct use of cout and cin without writing std:: every time.

2. Creating a Class Complex

class Complex {

 We define a class Complex to represent complex numbers.

3. Private Data Members

private:

int real, imag;

 real and imag store the real and imaginary parts of a complex number.

4. Constructor

public:

Complex(int r = 0, int i = 0) {

real = r;

imag = i;

 This is a constructor that initializes real and imag.


 It takes two parameters (r and i) and assigns them to real and imag.

 If no values are provided, both default to 0.

5. Overloading the + Operator

Complex operator+(Complex const& obj) {

Complex res;

res.real = real + obj.real;

res.imag = imag + obj.imag;

return res;

 Purpose: This function allows us to add two Complex numbers using +.

 Complex operator+(Complex const& obj): Defines the + operator.

 res.real = real + obj.real; → Adds the real parts.

 res.imag = imag + obj.imag; → Adds the imaginary parts.

 return res; → Returns the new complex number.

6. Printing the Complex Number

void print() { cout << real << " + i" << imag << '\n'; }

 This function prints the complex number in the form real + i imag.

7. Main Function

int main() {

 The main function starts program execution.

8. Creating Objects
Complex c1(10, 5), c2(2, 4);

 c1 is initialized as 10 + i5.

 c2 is initialized as 2 + i4.

9. Adding Two Complex Numbers

Complex c3 = c1 + c2;

 c3 stores the result of c1 + c2.

 The + operator calls our overloaded function.

10. Printing the Result

c3.print();

 This prints 12 + i9 since:

o real part: 10 + 2 = 12

o imaginary part: 5 + 4 = 9

Final Output

12 + i9

Key Concepts:

✅ Operator Overloading: We redefine + for Complex objects.


✅ Encapsulation: The data is private and accessed via class methods.
✅ Constructor Usage: Helps initialize complex numbers easily.

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