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Programming Concepts Class2

Conditionals are programming constructs that execute different code blocks based on whether a condition is true or false, with common types including `if`, `else`, `else if`, and `switch` statements. They enable decision-making in programs, improve efficiency by reducing repetitive code, and provide flexibility for varying actions based on specific conditions. Examples in JavaScript, Python, and C# illustrate the use of these statements in practice.

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Federico Czyrka
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4 views2 pages

Programming Concepts Class2

Conditionals are programming constructs that execute different code blocks based on whether a condition is true or false, with common types including `if`, `else`, `else if`, and `switch` statements. They enable decision-making in programs, improve efficiency by reducing repetitive code, and provide flexibility for varying actions based on specific conditions. Examples in JavaScript, Python, and C# illustrate the use of these statements in practice.

Uploaded by

Federico Czyrka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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### What Are Conditionals?

Conditionals evaluate expressions and execute different blocks of code depending on


whether a condition is **true** or **false**. The most common conditional
statements are:
- `if` statements
- `else` statements
- `else if` statements (or `elif` in some languages)
- `switch` statements (in languages like JavaScript and C#)

### Basic `if` Statement


The simplest form of a conditional is the `if` statement. It checks whether a
condition is met and executes the associated code if **true**.

#### Example in JavaScript:


```javascript
let temperature = 20;
if (temperature > 25) {
console.log("It's a hot day!");
}
```
Since `temperature` is **20**, and **not** greater than 25, the message won�t be
displayed.

### `if-else` Statement


An `if-else` statement provides an alternative action when the condition is
**false**.

#### Example in Python:


```python
age = 18
if age >= 21:
print("You can legally drink alcohol in the US.")
else:
print("You are not old enough.")
```
Since `age` is **18**, the program prints `"You are not old enough."`

### `else if` Statements


The `else if` structure lets you check multiple conditions in sequence.

#### Example in C#:


```csharp
int score = 75;
if (score >= 90) {
Console.WriteLine("Grade: A");
} else if (score >= 80) {
Console.WriteLine("Grade: B");
} else if (score >= 70) {
Console.WriteLine("Grade: C");
} else {
Console.WriteLine("Grade: F");
}
```
Since `score` is **75**, the program outputs `"Grade: C"`.

### `switch` Statements


In some languages, `switch` statements offer an alternative to multiple `else if`
conditions.
#### Example in JavaScript:
```javascript
let day = "Monday";
switch (day) {
case "Monday":
console.log("Start of the week!");
break;
case "Friday":
console.log("Almost the weekend!");
break;
default:
console.log("Just another day.");
}
```
Since `day` is `"Monday"`, it prints `"Start of the week!"`

### Why Are Conditionals Important?


- **Decision Making:** Programs can react dynamically to user input or data.
- **Efficiency:** Reduces repetitive code and enables cleaner logic.
- **Flexibility:** Allows different actions based on specific circumstances.

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