EE171
Introduction to Computers &
Programming for Engineers
Lecture 5:
Computer Programing with C
1
Online Compilers
https://www.onlinegdb.com/online_c_compiler#
https://www.programiz.com/c-programming/online-compiler/
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/compile_c_online.php
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Loop Control Statements
Jump Statements
Arrays
3
Loop Control Statements
Jump Statements
Arrays
4
Loop Control Statements
5
Looping can be defined as repeating the same process multiple times
until a specific condition is satisfied
Using loops, we do not need to write the same code again and again.
Loops are useful when working with arrays
There are 3 types of loop statements in C language:
• for
• while
• do while
Loop Control Statements
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If the Test Condition is TRUE,
the loop is executed
After each successfully
execution, the loop starts at the
entry point again
When the Test Condition is
FALSE, the execution breaks out
of the loop
for Loop
7
The for loop is used to execute a block of statements for a predefined iterations
until a particular condition is satisfied.
The general form of for loop is:
for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement)
{
statements;
}
Initialization: Starting point of the loop. Checked only once.
Condition:The test expression, evaluated on each iteration of the loop
Increment/decrement: The modifier expression, which changes the value of loop
control variable.This expression is executed at the end of each loop.
for Loop…
8
1. /* Print 1 to 10 numbers */ Output
1
2. # include <stdio.h>
2
3. int main( ) { 3
4. int a; 4
5. for(a = 1; a <= 10; a++) 5
6
6. {
7
7. printf(“%d \n”, a); 8
8. } 9
9. } 10
while Loop
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The while loop is useful when we don't know the number of iterations
in advance.
The general form of while loop is:
while (condition is true)
{
statements;
increment/decrement;
}
while Loop…
10
1. /* Print 1 to 10 numbers */ Output
2. # include <stdio.h> 1
2
3. int main( ) {
3
4. int a = 1; 4
5. while(a <= 10) 5
6. { 6
7. printf(“%d \n”, a); 7
8. a++; 8
9. } 9
10. } 10
do-while Loop
11
The structure of do-while loop is similar to while loop.
The general form of do-while loop is:
do {
statements;
increment/decrement;
} while (condition is true)
Assignment: Compare and Contrast between the while loop and do-while
loop.
do-while Loop…
12
1. /* Print 1 to 10 numbers */ Output
2. # include <stdio.h> 1
2
3. int main( ) { 3
4. int a = 1; 4
5. do { 5
6. printf(“%d \n”, a); 6
7
7. a++;
8
8. } while (a <= 10); 9
9. } 10
Loop Control Statements
Jump Statements
Arrays
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Jump Statements
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Jump statement makes the control jump to another section of
the program unconditionally when encountered.
Used to terminate the loop or switch-case instantly.
C language provides four jump statements:
• Break
• Continue
• Goto
• Return
break Statement
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A break statement is used to terminate the execution
of the rest of the block where it is present and takes the
control out of the block to the next statement.
The break statement is used inside a loop or switch
statement.
The use of break in switch statement has been
explained in the previous slides.
break Statement…
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1. /* Print 1 to 10 numbers */ Output
2. # include <stdio.h>
3. int main( ) { 1
4. for(int a = 1; a <= 10; a++) 2
5. { 3
6. if (a == 7)
7. break;
4
8. printf(“%d \n”, a); 5
9. } 6
10.}
continue Statement
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The continue statement is similar to the break statement.
The continue statement causes the program to skip the
execution of the current iteration and jump to the next
iteration within the same loop.
Continue skips WHILE break exits
The continue statement can be used only in loops.
continue Statement…
18
1. /* Print 1 to 10 numbers */ Output
2. # include <stdio.h> 1
3. int main( ) { 2
4. int a; 3
5. for(a = 1; a <= 10; a++) 4
6. { 5
7. if (a == 7)
6
8. continue;
8
9. printf(“%d \n”, a);
10. } 9
11.} 10
goto Statement
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When a goto statement is encountered in a C program, the
control jumps directly to the label mentioned in the goto
statement
Syntax for goto:
goto label_name;
..
..
label_name: C-statements;
goto Statement…
20
1. # include <stdio.h> Output
2. int main( ) {
3. int a = 35, b = 10;
4. if (a>b)
5. {
6. goto addition; End of the program
7. }
8. printf("This statement will be skipped! \n");
9. printf(“Even this one will be skipped! \n");
10. addition: printf("End of the program \n");
11. }
Return Statement
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Will be discussed when we learn Functions
Loop Control Statements
Jump Statements
Arrays
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23
Arrays
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Array is a data structure that hold finite sequential
collection of homogeneous data.
Is a collection of data items, all of the same type, accessed
using a common name.
The elements of an array are referred by a common name and
are differentiated from one another by their position within
an array.
Arrays consist of contiguous memory locations.
Arrays Indexing
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A specific element in an array is accessed by an index.
Arrays in C are indexed starting at 0.
Suppose A[20] is an array of 20 elements, we can reference
each element as
• A[0] – 1st element
• A[1] – 2nd element
• …
• …
• A[19] -20th element
Arrays Declaration
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The general form of declaring a array is:
data_type array_name[size];
int marks[5];
char letters [100];
float temperature[31];
Arrays Initialization
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(1) Static Initialization:
int marks[5] = {90, 86, 89, 15, 91};
char letters[10] = {‘c’, ‘o’, ‘m’, ‘p’, ‘u’, ‘t’, ‘e’, ‘r’};
float rate[2][2] = {20.5, 15.7, 12.34, 24.12};
Size of array is optional when using Static Declaration:
int marks[] = {90, 86, 89, 15, 91};
Array can be initialized to zero:
int marks[] = { }; or int marks[] = { 0 };
Arrays Initialization…
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(1) Dynamic Initialization:
int marks[5];
marks[0] = 90;
marks[1] = 86;
………..
marks[4] = 91;
Arrays Dimensions
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Single-Dimensional Array
int marks[5] = {3, 2, 1, 5, 4};
Multi-Dimensional Array
int manymarks[2][3] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 70};
int manymarks[2][3] = {{10, 20, 30}, {40, 60, 70}};
int manymarks[][3] = {{10, 20, 30}, {40, 60, 70}};
Accessing Array Elements
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We can access elements of an array by indices/position
Array indexing starts at zero
Suppose int marks[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
Then mark[2] = 70; changes 3rd element of marks
array
Also int temp = mark[1]; Stores 2nd element to
another variable temp
Exercise 1
31
Write a C program which stores five numbers
in an array. The program should calculate the
sum of those numbers and display the result.
# include <stdio.h>
int main( ) {
int number[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
int sum = 0;
for( int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
sum = sum + number[i];
}
printf("The sum of five numbers is %d “, sum);
}
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Exercise 2
33
Write a C program which stores five numbers
in an array. The program should calculate the
average of those numbers and display the
result.
# include <stdio.h>
int main( ) {
int number[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
int sum = 0;
for( int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
sum = sum + number[i];
}
float average = sum / 5;
printf(“The average of five numbers is %f”, average);
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}
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