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IP Addressing Lecture Notes

The lecture notes cover the fundamentals of IP addressing, including types of IP addresses (IPv4 and IPv6), their structures, and classes. It explains subnetting, its key concepts, and provides practical examples of IP assignment. Additionally, it includes assessment questions to reinforce understanding of the material.

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30 views3 pages

IP Addressing Lecture Notes

The lecture notes cover the fundamentals of IP addressing, including types of IP addresses (IPv4 and IPv6), their structures, and classes. It explains subnetting, its key concepts, and provides practical examples of IP assignment. Additionally, it includes assessment questions to reinforce understanding of the material.

Uploaded by

Aritspace computers
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture Notes: IP Addressing

Course Title: Computer Networks / Data Communication

Topic: IP Addressing

Level: Diploma / ND I or ND II

Duration: 2 hours

1. Introduction to IP Addressing
IP (Internet Protocol) addressing is a fundamental concept in computer networking. It
provides unique identifiers for devices on a network, enabling them to communicate with
each other.

2. Types of IP Addresses
• IPv4 – 32-bit address
• IPv6 – 128-bit address
• Static IP – Manually assigned
• Dynamic IP – Assigned by DHCP

3. Structure of IPv4 Address


IPv4 addresses are 32 bits long, divided into 4 octets. Example: 192.168.1.1

4. Classes of IP Addresses (IPv4)


• Class A: 1.0.0.0 – 126.0.0.0 (/8)
• Class B: 128.0.0.0 – 191.255.0.0 (/16)
• Class C: 192.0.0.0 – 223.255.255.0 (/24)

5. Public vs Private IP Addresses


Private IPs:
• Class A: 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
• Class B: 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
• Class C: 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
6. Subnetting (with Calculation)
Subnetting divides a network into smaller segments called subnets to optimize IP address
usage.

6.1 Key Concepts


• Network bits
• Host bits
• Subnet mask
• CIDR notation

6.2 Subnetting Calculation


Example 1: Find Subnet Info for 192.168.10.0/26
Step 1: Subnet Mask: /26 → 255.255.255.192
Step 2: Number of Subnets: 2² = 4
Step 3: Hosts per Subnet: 2⁶ - 2 = 62
Step 4: Subnets:
1. 192.168.10.0 – 192.168.10.63
2. 192.168.10.64 – 192.168.10.127
3. 192.168.10.128 – 192.168.10.191
4. 192.168.10.192 – 192.168.10.255

Example 2: For 172.16.0.0/20 → Host bits = 12 → Hosts = 2^12 - 2 = 4094

Example 3: From /16 to /22 → Borrowed bits = 6 → Subnets = 2^6 = 64

7. IPv6 Addressing
IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses. Format: 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits (e.g.,
2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334)

8. Practical Examples
Assign IPs to 10 systems in the range 192.168.5.0/24. First usable: 192.168.5.1, Last usable:
192.168.5.254

9. Summary
• IP provides device identification and routing.
• IPv4 uses 32 bits; IPv6 uses 128.
• Subnetting optimizes address usage.
10. Assessment Questions (with subnetting)
1. Calculate subnets and hosts for 10.0.0.0/27
2. Identify range in subnet 192.168.5.0/28
3. Broadcast address of 172.16.4.0/23
4. Subnets possible from /24 to /29
5. Difference between IPv4 and IPv6

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