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PROGRAMMING WITH PIC MICROCOTROLLERS
Prasad Manjula Wijesinghe
(BSc Eng, AMIE)
What is a Microcontroller
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NUMBER SYATEMS
Decimal number system
Binary number system
Hexadecimal number system
NUMBER SYATEMS
Decimal Number System
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NUMBER SYATEMS
Binary Number System
NUMBER SYATEMS
Hexadecimal Number System
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DATA
BIT
Basic unit of information
Use only two digits 1 and 0
Some applications use as High and Low
DATA
BYTE
Group of Eight Bits
Largest decimal number in a Byte is 255
Largest Hexa value in a byte is FF
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LOGIC GATES
AND GATE
LOGIC GATES
OR GATE
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LOGIC GATES
NOT GATE
LOGIC GATES
XOR GATE
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REGISTER
register or a memory cell is an electronic circuit which can memorize the state of one byte
REGISTER
SFR Register
Special Function Registers
Predetermined function by manufacturer.
Connected to internal circuits like timers, A/D converters, Oscillators..etc.
Eg :- TRIS , ANSEL
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REGISTER
INPUT / OUTPUT PORTS
Registers connected to the microcontroller pins.
Analog and Digital inputs are available.
Digital outputs are 0 and 5 V with 20mA maximum current.
Eg :- PORTA, PORTB
OSCILLATOR
Oscillators are used to time calculation in Miro controller
Some microcontrollers have internal oscillator eg:- pic12f629
Most popular oscillator type is crystal oscillator.
Crystal oscillators have higher stability in frequency with temperature and other factors.
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Programming Microcontrollers
Programming Microcontrollers
MPLAB X XC8
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Programming with C Language
Data types in C Language
Data type Description Size (# of bits) Range of values
char Character 8 0 to 255
int Integer 16 -32768 to 32767
float Floating point 32 ±1.2 x 10^-38 to ±3.4x10^+38
Double precision floating
double 64 ±2.3 x 10^-308 to ±1.7x10^+308
point
Programming with C Language
Variables in C Language
Variables are acting as a vessel or container that can store in various data type.
Each variable has unique name address and data type.
The data inside a variable can be change by manually or by the programme.
Variable name can include characters A-Z (a-z), the digits 0-9 and the underscore character '_‘
Name should not start with a digit.
Name should not use compiler key words.
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Programming with C Language
Mikro C Key words
Programming with C Language
Declaration and assignment of Variables
int number ;
number = 5;
int a,b,c,d;
int age = 0;
Double temp = 37.5;
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Programming with C Language
Arithmetic operators
Programming with C Language
Assignment operators
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Programming with C Language
Increment & Decrement operators
Programming with C Language
Relational operators
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Programming with C Language
Conditional operators – if else
Programming with C Language
Conditional operators – switch case
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Programming with C Language
Program Loop – While loop
while(expression){
commands
...
}
while(1){
... // Expressions enclosed within curly
brackets will be
... // endlessly executed (endless loop).
}
Programming with C Language
Program Loop – For loop
for(initial_expression; condition_expression;
change_expression) {
operations
...
}
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Programming with C Language
Program Loop – Do while loop
do
operation
while (check_condition);
a = 0; // Set initial value
do
a = a+1 // Operation in progress
while (a <= 1E06); // Check condition
Programming with C Language
ARRAYS
A group of variables of the same type is called an array.
component_type array_name [number_of_components];
unsigned char calendar [12] = {31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};
