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Golang IPFS

The document outlines foundational projects for building a content-addressed storage system, including key components like SHA-256 hashing, Kademlia DHT for peer discovery, and the BitSwap protocol for data exchange. It also details the construction of a MerkleDAG, a modular libp2p transport layer, and provides insights into essential libraries and critical papers related to IPFS. A learning path and implementation strategy are presented to guide the development of an IPFS-like node.

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pro.ysh31
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
18 views8 pages

Golang IPFS

The document outlines foundational projects for building a content-addressed storage system, including key components like SHA-256 hashing, Kademlia DHT for peer discovery, and the BitSwap protocol for data exchange. It also details the construction of a MerkleDAG, a modular libp2p transport layer, and provides insights into essential libraries and critical papers related to IPFS. A learning path and implementation strategy are presented to guide the development of an IPFS-like node.

Uploaded by

pro.ysh31
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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🧱 Foundational Projects

1. Content-Addressed Storage System


Goal: Implement core content addressing mechanism

Key Components:

●​ SHA-256 hashing for content identifiers (CIDs)


●​ Immutable block storage
●​ CID resolution mechanism​
Required Tech: crypto/sha256, multiformats/go-multihash, filesystem
operations​
Skills Gained: Content addressing, cryptographic hashing, data immutability

2. Kademlia DHT Implementation

Goal: Build distributed peer discovery system

go

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package dht

import (
​ "crypto/rand"
​ "net"
)

type Node struct {


​ ID [20]byte
​ Addr *net.UDPAddr
}

func NewNode() *Node {


​ var id [20]byte
​ rand.Read(id[:])
​ return &Node{ID: id}
}

func (n *Node) FindClosestPeers(target [20]byte, k int) []Node {


​ // Implement Kademlia XOR distance metric
​ // Return k closest peers to target
}

Key Components:

●​ XOR-based peer distance metric


●​ K-bucket routing tables
●​ UDP-based peer discovery protocol​
Required Tech: UDP networking (net), Kademlia paper, x/crypto​
Skills Gained: P2P networking, distributed lookups, proximity routing

3. BitSwap Protocol Engine

Goal: Create data exchange mechanism

go

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package bitswap

import (
​ "sync"
)

type Session struct {


​ WantList map[string]bool
​ PeerLedger map[string]int // Data accounting
​ mu sync.Mutex
}

func (s *Session) RequestBlock(cid string, peerID string) {


​ s.mu.Lock()
​ defer s.mu.Unlock()
​ s.WantList[cid] = true
​ // Send want-list to peer
}

func (s *Session) ReceiveBlock(cid string, peerID string, data []byte) {


​ // Store block and update ledger
​ s.PeerLedger[peerID] += len(data) // Track bytes received
}

Key Components:

●​ Want-list propagation
●​ Data trading strategy
●​ Ledger-based accounting​
Required Tech: Protocol Buffers, gRPC streams, libp2p (reference)​
Skills Gained: Data trading systems, incentive mechanisms, protocol design

4. MerkleDAG Constructor

Goal: Build IPFS's foundational data structure

go

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package merkledag

import (
​ "encoding/json"
​ "ipfs-cas" // Our previous project
)

type Node struct {


​ Links []Link
​ Data []byte
}

type Link struct {


​ Name string
​ Hash string // CID
​ Size int
}

func BuildDirectory(files map[string][]byte) string {


​ // Create directory structure with linked files
​ var links []Link
​ for name, data := range files {
​ ​ cid := cas.StoreBlock(data)
​ ​ links = append(links, Link{Name: name, Hash: cid})
​ }
​ dirNode := Node{Links: links}
​ dirData, _ := json.Marshal(dirNode)
​ return cas.StoreBlock(dirData)
}

Key Components:

●​ Protobuf block encoding


●​ IPLD (InterPlanetary Linked Data)
●​ Directory sharding​
Required Tech: ipfs/go-ipld-cbor, Protocol Buffers, go-unixfs​
Skills Gained: Merkle structures, content-addressable DAGs, data sharding

5. libp2p Transport Layer

Goal: Create modular network stack

go

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package transport

import (
​ "net"

​ ma "github.com/multiformats/go-multiaddr"
)
type Transport interface {
​ Dial(addr ma.Multiaddr) (net.Conn, error)
​ Listen(addr ma.Multiaddr) (net.Listener, error)
}

type WebSocketTransport struct{}

func (t *WebSocketTransport) Dial(addr ma.Multiaddr) (net.Conn, error) {


​ // Implement WebSocket dialing
}

func (t *WebSocketTransport) Listen(addr ma.Multiaddr) (net.Listener, error) {


​ // Implement WebSocket listening
}

Key Components:

●​ Multiaddr address format


●​ Transport abstraction layer
●​ Connection multiplexing​
Required Tech: WebSockets (gorilla/websocket), QUIC (quic-go), Noise
protocol​
Skills Gained: Network abstraction, protocol multiplexing, NAT traversal

🔍 IPFS Protocol Deep Dive


Core Concepts

Component Purpose Key Spec

CID Content identifier format CID Specification

Multihash Self-describing hashes Multihash Spec

libp2p Modular P2P network stack libp2p Documentation


IPLD Data model for content-addressed structures IPLD Specifications

Bitswap Block exchange protocol Bitswap Spec

Essential Libraries

go

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import (
​ "github.com/ipfs/go-cid" // CID implementation
​ "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p" // Core networking
​ "github.com/ipfs/go-ipld-format" // MerkleDAG interfaces
​ "github.com/ipfs/go-bitswap" // Data exchange
​ "github.com/multiformats/go-multiaddr" // Network addresses
)

Critical Papers

1.​ Kademlia: A Peer-to-peer Information System


2.​ IPFS - Content Addressed, Versioned, P2P File System
3.​ BitSwap: Incentivized Robust Bandwidth Sharing

🚀 Learning Path
Diagram

Code

Download

Content Addressing

Distributed DHT

Data Exchange Protocol


MerkleDAG Structures

libp2p Networking

Full IPFS Node

Tool Mastery Roadmap

Phase Focus Area Key Libraries

1 Cryptography multiformats/go-multihash,

libp2p/go-libp2p-crypto

2 Networking libp2p/go-libp2p,

libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht, quic-go

3 Data Structures ipfs/go-ipld-cbor, ipfs/go-unixfs,

ipfs/go-hamt-ipld

4 System ipfs/go-ipfs, ipfs/testground, ipfs/kubo

Integration (reference implementation)

📌 Implementation Strategy
1.​ Start Small​
Build single-node content storage with CIDv1 identifiers
2.​ bash
3.​ Copy
4.​ Download
$ echo "Hello IPFS" | go run main.go store

5.​ > bafkreiexamplehash


6.​ Add Distributed Capabilities​
Implement Kademlia DHT for peer discovery across multiple nodes
7.​ Enable Data Exchange​
Create BitSwap protocol for block trading between peers
8.​ Construct Complex Structures​
Build directory trees using MerkleDAG with IPLD
9.​ Abstract Networking​
Add support for multiple transports (WebSocket, QUIC)
10.​Integrate Components​
Combine into unified IPFS-like node:
11.​go
12.​Copy
13.​Download
node := ipfs.NewNode(
​ libp2p.Transport(websocket.New()),
​ libp2p.Routing(dht.New()),
​ ipfs.BitswapEngine(NewBitSwap()),

14.​)

Contribution Pathway

1.​ Study go-ipfs codebase


2.​ Solve IPFS Implementation Challenges
3.​ Join IPFS Implementers Calls
4.​ Contribute to libp2p Go implementations

"Focus on protocol specifications before optimizations. IPFS's power comes from its

layered protocol design." - Protocol Labs Mantra

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