GENETICS

We must have some points well understood and examined in fighting roosters.
, because genetics is the basis of inheritance and winning roosters.

Lack of lungs in roosters:

The short back muscles is a genetic defect due to crossing two breeds
and to standardize them into one, all of that in the long run has a flaw.

Care: It does not exist, you can give them wing work to open lungs, give them some
medication that helps improve his breathing, if it's chicken give it anabolic steroids
so that it develops better and raise them loose.

The crossing of different breeds such as the Oriental and Spanish will have more strength and
more power. I would like to explain something, the rooster inherits 6 pairs of macrosomes and the
microsomal chicken, we know that the sum is 78. when a chicken is crossed
Spanish with an oriental rooster, has features more eastern than refined, although
the product is 25 percent oriental and 75 percent Spanish, but the macrosomes are more
stronger than the recessive microsomes of the hen, the following happens:

Oriental: More strength, height, weight, thicker and longer legs, but it has the
reduced lung capacity, as it is a running animal and not a flying one, not
they get angry, it's true, you instead of improving when you cross those two species do not
he made, he made his animal shorter in lungs, the oriental rooster has the trachea
bigger, that’s why it has a greater oxygen capacity, and its lungs
they store what is necessary and work faster to send it to the heart and the
blood.

Watch the fight of an oriental in times of heat and humidity, do not abandon the fight.
for wounds but due to lack of oxygen, and if there is a slow vein and it is swallowing
blood starts to choke and it terrifies, and the fine rooster is not like that, even though it has
the trachea is smaller, she chokes but does not give up the fight, the capacity
pulmonary is bigger and keeps fighting.
As a conclusion, I can say that the lungs are a factor of 55 percent of
win or lose in a rooster fight, of course we checked it with animals from my country and no
from other countries, but we know that the fine is fine and the oriental is oriental, here and in
China.
There is a book called Asil mania and it recommends making the following crossing between
Orientals and knife fighters. American rooster, closed crest knife fighter over hen.
oriental, with the results being uneven when producing extremely good chickens
(fast, accurate, powerful and intelligent) and bad (slow, clumsy and cold).

In fact, most of them do not achieve good results with the fourth but rather with an eighth.
From the East, if you look at the intercontinentals, you hardly see Easterners, and even less so.
those who take the prize, another important thing is that the hen be
the one that has oriental blood and the rooster half oriental blood since it is
It is advisable that the male is strong and the hen is fast.

THE FATHER ROOSTER

Much has been written about this, so I will only present concepts.
general, but I consider them key. The rooster must be tall, well
provided, handsome in its appearance and coming from a recognized family
for its value. Some say: 'It doesn't matter if the rooster is ugly and short, if it is a winner.'
It could be, but will their children be...?
A tall and well-built (balanced) rooster has an advantage during the fight over
his rival. He must be good with the spurs and have a good position of
combat. It is of utmost importance that the rooster is balanced, that is, that being
do not be a heron. This is very important to maintain body balance.
during the fight. Additionally, slender-built roosters are generally
weak and cannot withstand the punishment. Their necks and limbs are little
muscular and in the long run get tired or yield to the blows received.

Extreme care must be taken when selecting a rooster for breeding. It should be
worthy representative of the family he comes from. His brothers must have been
stars of the fence where they fought well and behaved nicely. It should never be
using a rooster as a stud if the family background is not known.

The spurs should be placed at the bottom of the shaft, near the toe.
back of the leg. This is a sign that the rooster is a fighter. Roosters with the
high spurs are not very cutting and also have little power (punch).

When we talk about the strength or power of a rooster, we refer to its capacity
innate ability to hit and hurt the opponent. In other words, what is called a punch in boxing.
This is an inherited characteristic. This cannot be given by any trainer.
This virtue is given to the rooster in a breeding pen when it is inherited from its
parents. This is a characteristic that we can only detect when
we encountered either during the fight. The powerful roosters do not necessarily make
a lot of noise when hitting. On the contrary, they are generally roosters that do not make
a lot of noise when kicking, but its effect is devastating on the opponent. Some roosters go
losing this power as the fight progresses. This may be due to three causes:
1. Lack of pedigree and as the fight deepens, what is common begins to emerge. No
he necessarily flees, simply cowardice does not allow him to continue fighting with
all the vigor that is necessary.
It may be due to the rooster getting tired from lack of good physical condition.
3. There are strains or families where there are functional physical defects due to the
the individual never gets to adapt. They simply fight each other.
minutes and then they lose their strength. Since this is hereditary,
we need to select birds with good natural lung. This facilitates the
preparation and they will never stop hitting hard even if it is the end of
the fight.

Another indispensable attribute is its ability to fight. It must always be

be alert during the fight and never remain still at the mercy of your opponent.
Must have good reflexes and know how to coordinate their attack movements.
defense. You must know how to take advantage of your opponent's mistakes in combat and finish it.
when you feel weak and/or diminished. You should never lower your head, which is a
a flaw that is paid with the life of the rooster and the owner's money.
THE MOTHER HEN

This choice is tougher, as we don't see her fighting like the males.
We must rely on the good faith and honesty of the breeder who will...
provide the hens.
The only qualities we can evaluate are phenotypic. Let them be tall,
well balanced and without visible physical defects. A phenotype must be sought (that is
a set of external characters and inherited factors from their parents) female,
that are not coarse. Of medium size and with lively eyes. Make sure that
be healthy, be active and if possible, look for the dominant hen. This
she must be the sister of good roosters, daughter of a winner and that all her
male relatives have been fine, that none have "sung the hen" (has been
corridor) and are distinguished by their good fighting.

In my experience, when we have a good family and from there we obtain a

excellent mother, she almost always conveys her qualities better than the
males. Their offspring are more consistent than those from a good stallion. The
It is advisable for each breeder to form their own family of females and use them.
as a basis for future crosses.

LINE BREEDING
By Countyline

In order to properly establish a family of roosters, it is necessary to carry out

line breeding for 6 generations to produce the
progeny of the new family in the seventh generation.

I prefer to concentrate the blood of the father rooster in these pairings, since
In this way, I can genetically reproduce all its good qualities in
their sons and daughters using this method.
To simplify my explanation, I will use 2 breeding pairs in my next
example.

FIRST YEAR
We paired Rooster #1 with Hen #1, and Rooster #2 with Hen #2.
We test all the offspring and select the best from each pairing. At
At the same time, we select 2 of the best roosters from each pairing. This
it is the progeny of the first generation.
SECOND YEAR
We paired individually Roosters #1 and #2 with their 2 best daughters from the
first year. We tested all the offspring and selected the best of each.
pairing, removing those of the daughter(s) who have had the percentage
lower in won battles, just like the daughter (or daughters) that produced them.
This is the progeny of the second generation.
THIRD YEAR
We paired Roosters #1 and #2 individually with their 2 best daughters of
second year. We tested all the children and selected the best of each
pairing, removing those of the daughter(s) that have had the percentage
lower of fights won, just like to the daughter (or daughters) that produced them.
This is the progeny of the third generation.
FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SIXTH YEAR
We continue pairing Roosters #1 and #2 with their best daughters from each.
successive generation in order to concentrate the genes of the sires in the
progeny.
Once we produce the progeny of the seventh generation, we mate the
best rooster of the seventh generation of Gallo #1, with the best son of the first
generation of the Rooster #2. We also mated the best rooster of the seventh.
generation of the Rooster #2, with the best son of the first generation of the Rooster #1.
The males of Rooster #1, offspring of generations 1 to 4, mate with
females of Rooster #2 and vice versa, to produce the roosters for the fight.
Males from generations 4 to 7 will mostly breed to produce.
pure progeny (homozygous), mating them with females from generation 4
at 7 from the original opposing pimp. That is, sons of Rooster #1 with daughters of Rooster #2
of the previously mentioned generations and vice versa.

The homozygous offspring will have to be crossed with other non-related families.
to produce the roosters to be used for the fight.

Consanguinity

CONSANGUINITY - Crossing between related individuals to seek the

blood of a progenitor exceptional.
This crossing has drawbacks. When done, it produces an impact called
consanguineous depression that worsens the closer the relatives are
find among themselves the paired players, and the higher the number of
consecutive generations of mating of this type.

Inbreeding produces an increase in the number of homozygous alleles.

equal) at the expense of a reduction in heterozygous alleles (unequal). The genes
those that produce hereditary effects are recessive (homozygosity).
Inbreeding dramatically increases these possibilities.

When pairing each other 2 full siblings, a rooster with his daughter, their offspring has
a probability of 25% of gathering identical alleles. Its coefficient of inbreeding
is 0.25. If half-siblings are mated, the offspring is obtained with a
consanguinity of 0.125

By pairing two complete siblings, this coefficient increases very quickly and after a while
From three generations of this type of crossing, a value of 0.50 is obtained. With
this consanguinity in some families reproduction can be very difficult or
impossible .
With crossings of small increments of inbreeding by generation, there
they achieve the same goals in a longer time frame (involving more related animals)
of any hereditary character but reducing the negative effects, cross with
half-brothers, uncle, nephew, first cousins. This needs to be added a
very strict selection in fighting roosters, pedigree of hens and by the offspring.

A quality rooster must have the ability to hold indefinitely the

combative disposition. This is the most valued quality in the rooster and the most indicative one.
objective of the aggressiveness o law of a rooster (class).
Females are chosen based on the performance of their brothers first, their pedigree.
(ancestors), y for the children that they produce.

The fine rooster is the result of a long selection process for its ability to.
fight, physical strength, agility, good fighter, injurer and fine. Selection of centuries.
The selection of absence of pain, of fear, and a threshold of the instinct for self-preservation.
very small. All this us yes the fineness.

TYPES DE CROSSING
A) Crossing genuine.
Percentage of the different crossbreeds:
1.- Full brother with sister, 25%, intensive crossing.
2.- Crossing half-siblings, 12.5%, moderate crossing.
3.- Crossing uncles with nieces or vice versa, 12.5%, moderate crossing.
Grandfather with granddaughter, 12.5%, moderate crossing.
5.- Crossing first cousins, 6.3%, aging at the average leveled rate.
6.- First brothers, the 12.5% cross moderate.

LINE DE PROCREATION
FATHER (A) MOTHER (B)
CHILDREN (F)
50% Father
50% Mother
( 1 A ) ¾ Father ¾ Mother (1 B)
( 2 A ) 7/8 Father 7/8 Mother (2 B)
( 3 A ) 15/16 Father 15/ 16 Mother B)
( 4 A ) 31/32 Father 31/32 Mother (4
We think that you have a couple of pedigree roosters, which are from a line.
exceptional. We name the rooster (A) and the hen (B). The first line will produce the
lineage (F) that is equal to children with half the blood of the rooster and the other of the
hen. 50% of each one is to say ( ½ ) the half.
Select the best male (1) and cross it with the mother (B). This mating will produce
descendants 1 B with part ¾ of the hen's blood.
Select the best rooster (1) and cross it with the father (A). This cross will result in
descendants 1 A with parts¾ of blood of the father rooster A.
He will continue doing this until reaching 4 A and 4 B, that is, on one side with the father the
best females, and on the other side the best males with the mother. After
we select the best females from that breeding, in which a bloodline was obtained
31/32 and we reserve them to serve as studs for breeding.
The stallions resulting from 4 A and 4 B are almost like the original strain having
31/32 of the vitality or blood of the rooster and the same happens with the crossings on side B.
with the mother.

THE 3 LAWS OF G. MENDEL

First law of Mendel

Law of Uniformity of the Mestizos. If parents of pure breed unite.
(homozygous) for a certain trait, all the offspring will inherit it.
property for same.
AA+bb = Ab+Ab+Ab+Ab

If two pure breeds are crossed for a certain trait, the descendants of the
the first generation are all the same as each other and, at the same time, the same as one of its
parents, who is the holder of the dominant allele. Mendel developed this principle by
to observe that if I crossed two pure breeds of pea plants, one of seeds
yellow and another of green seeds, the offspring he obtained, which he
called F1, consisted only of plants that produced seeds of color
yellow. These plants were supposed to have, in the gene that determines the color of the seed,
the two alleles they had inherited from their parents, one allele for the color green and
another for the color yellow but, for some reason, only this last one manifested, due to
what was called the dominant allele, while the first one was called allele.
recessive.

Second law of Mendel

The law of division. If we unite the first offspring of a purebred couple, already
with mixed breed properties (heterozygous) for a certain trait, their
descendants he divide in the proportion 1:2:1.
Ab + Ab = AA + Ab + bA + bb
The recessive alleles that do not manifest in the first generation when crossing two pure breeds.
generation (called F1), reappear in the second generation (called F2)
resulting from crossing the individuals of the first. In addition, the proportion in which
they appear in a ratio of 1 to 3 regarding the dominant alleles. Mendel crossed them with each other.
yellow seed peas obtained in the first generation of the experiment
previous. When he classified the resulting offspring, he observed that approximately
three quarters had yellow seeds and the remaining quarter had the
green seeds. That is to say, the character 'green seed', which does not
had not appeared in any first generation plant, it did appear in the
secondly, although in smaller proportion than the character 'yellow seed'

Third law of Mendel

The law of independence. All the hereditary characters of a living being are
inherited regardless between yes.
The inherited traits are independent of each other and combine randomly when
pass to the offspring, manifesting in the second filial generation or F2. In
In this case, Mendel selected for crossing plants that differed in two.
characteristics, for example, the color of the peas (green or yellow) and their
surface (smooth or wrinkled). I observe that the first generation was composed
only by plants with yellow and smooth peas, fulfilling the first law.
In the second generation, however, all possible combinations appeared.
of characters, although in the following proportions: 1/16 part of green peas
and rough ones, 3/16 of green and smooth ones, 3/16 of yellow and rough ones, and finally 9/16 of
yellow and smooth. This led him to think that genes were structures
independent from one another and, therefore, that it only depended on chance the
combination of those that could appear in the offspring.
In practice, this means that through breeding it is possible to gather in the same
animal, different properties of starting animals.

INTERSECTIONS FOR PURE LINES

By Fernando Medina
The following article is aimed at guiding breeders of fine birds, in order to
invite you to enter the world of inbreeding.
There is a fear among many breeders regarding this form of breeding.
the article will be accepted by some and very criticized by others. This is understandable since
Many of us have had failures with this practice. What my friend Félix
Cruz-López says in his articles that it is very true, so I recommend reading them.
analyze these articles well. I want to emphasize that in terms of crossings one of
the factors that produce a variable among the results are the criteria and the ideas of
each creator, who are independent.
This type of breeding requires a great deal of dedication and trust in what one does.
it has, the results will be good if what we have is really good. In my case
I have had many failures with these methods, as many roosters can be
Excellent fighters, but very few are genetically suited for it.
inbreeding, but we will never know unless we put them to the test.
This breeding aptitude is one of the goals of livestock specialists and breeders, the
The problem is that there are no visual methods to know what the animal has in its.
veins. There are laboratory methods in which something can be known about genetics,
but it is still one of the mysteries of the world. The best way to know what kind of
we have animals by subjecting them to what we call test crossings, and
progeny test.

There are environmental factors that influence the outcome of every crossing, and one
One of my mistakes when I started with this practice was not considering those factors, already
since it was a 'crossbreeding test' I always left it for the last harvest of
the hen, this resulted in chicks of lower quality than the first ones
posture, besides the dominance factor that the group exerts over the younger ones. Now
What I do is that the first harvest of the year I subject to the inbreeding of the lines.
a test. I want to emphasize that in my team I use 60% outcrossing.
breeding and 10% of inbreeding and 40% of inbreeding by inbreeding. The latter to me
has yielded excellent results.
I want to emphasize the importance of the order that must be maintained in the crossing records.
breeding and births. Next, I will describe some of the models in which
I have guided myself.