Character class
Example 1
public class CharacterTypes {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner kb = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a line: ");
String line = kb.nextLine();
// characters are examined one-by-one
for (int i = 0; i < line.length(); i++){
char c = line.charAt(i);
if( Character.isLetter(c) )
System.out.println(i+"\t"+c+"\t\tletter");
else if( Character.isDigit(c) )
System.out.println(i+"\t"+c+"\t\tdigit");
else
System.out.println(i+"\t"+c+"\t\tother");
}
}
}
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Character class
Example 2
public class SumNumericValues
A line of text is examined, character-by-character, and the sum of the
numeric characters is calculated
Character methods used:
getNumericValue(…) returns the int value the character represents
isDigit(…) returns true if the character is a digit
No instance of Character is used which means the methods are called
using statements of the form
sum += Character.getNumericValue(c) ;
The argument passed to getNumericValue is c
The Character class
The method to execute is getNumericValue
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Character class
Example 2
public class SumNumericValues
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner kb = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("\nEnter a line: ");
String line = kb.nextLine();
int sum = 0;
// characters are examined one-by-one
for (int i = 0; i < line.length(); i++){
char c = line.charAt(i);
if( Character.isDigit(c) ){
sum += Character.getNumericValue(c);
}
}
System.out.println("sum = \t"+sum);
}
}
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Character class
Example 3
public class ValidateStudentNumber
A student number, stored as a character string, is examined character-
by-character to determine if all characters are digits.
Character methods used:
isDigit(…) returns true if the character is a digit
No instance of Character is used which means the methods are called using
statements of the form
If ( ! Character.isDigit(c) ) valid = false ;
The argument passed to isDigit is c
The Character class
The method to execute is isDigit
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Character class
Example 3
public class ValidateStudentNumber
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner kb = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter a number: ");
String number = kb.next();
// characters are examined one-by-one
boolean valid = true;
for (int i = 0; i < number.length(); i++){
char c = number.charAt(i);
if(! Character.isDigit(c) ) valid = false;
}
if (valid) System.out.println("Valid");
else System.out.println("Invalid");
}
}
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Scanner class
The Scanner class is useful when you need to parse some stream that
is said to contain tokens.
For ACS-1903 we are concerned with tokens that comprise a
sequence of characters delimited by whitespace (space, tab, line feed
characters)
We can easily create a Scanner object that is associated with one of:
– System.in
– a string Streams containing tokens
– a file
Examples
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
Scanner s = new Scanner(s); //s is of type String
Scanner s = new Scanner(f); //f is of type File
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Scanner class
Scanner methods
next() get next token
nextBoolean() get next …
nextInt() get next …
nextDouble() get next …
nextLine() get next …
hasNext() returns true if there is a token available
hasNextLine() returns true if …
hasNextBoolean() returns true if …
hasNextInt() returns true if …
hasNextDouble() returns true if …
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Scanner class
Examples
1. Read a file named Readme.txt … this file is in every BlueJ project.
Three import statements
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException
Exceptions are a topic in ACS-1904.
There is a throws clause – something can go wrong when reading and writing
files – a topic in ACS-1904
2. Scanning a string for tokens.
One import statement
import java.util.Scanner;
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Scanner class
Example 1
public class DisplayReadme
The file Readme.txt is read, line-by-line, until there are no lines left.
Scanner methods used:
f.hasNext() returns true if there is another token in the stream f
f.nextLine()returns the next line in f
A Scanner object is needed to provide a reference to the file and the current
location in the file. Consider the statement:
Scanner f = new Scanner( new File("Readme.txt"));
The Scanner object is f The file Readme.txt
Create a Scanner object for a file
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Scanner class
Example 1
public class DisplayReadme
{
public static void main(String[] args)
throws FileNotFoundException
{
Scanner f = new Scanner(new File("Readme.txt"));
int i=1;
System.out.println("<<<< File Readme.txt >>>>");
while ( f.hasNext() ){
String line = f.nextLine();
System.out.println((i++)+" "+line);
}
System.out.println("<<<< end of listing >>>>");
}
}
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Scanner class
Example 2
public class ScanString
A string with whitespace separating the tokens is parsed
– each token is displayed on a separate line.
Scanner methods used:
s.hasNext() returns true if there is another token in the stream s
s.next() returns the next token in s
A Scanner object is needed that provides a reference to the file and the current
location in the file. Consider the statement:
String token = s.next() ;
The next token is assigned The method next()
to a variable of type String
The Scanner object named s
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