BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Advanced Database Management
Systems
BSIT 604
ASSIGNMENT - I
Name: Mohamed Abdalla Farah
StudID: 01-201103-00178
Lecture: Mr Ismail
Question 1: what is the function of a Listener ?How do you start/stop listener from the
command prompt?
Function a listener is part of the Oracle DBMS that "listens" for users connecting to
the database. It directs the queries to a function that either creates a dedicated
server process for each user or to a shared multithreaded function that handles many
users. The latter method may be chosen by the administrator to conserve memory.
A head-related transfer function (HRTF) is a response that characterizes how an ear receives a
sound from a point in space; a pair of HRTFs for two ears can be used to synthesize a binaural
sound that seems to come from a particular point in space. It is a transfer function, describing
how a sound from a specific point will arrive at the ear (generally at the outer end of the
auditory canal). Some consumer home entertainment products designed to reproduce surround
sound from stereo (two-speaker) headphones use HRTFs. Some forms of HRTF-processing have
also been included in computer software to simulate surround sound playback from
loudspeakers
Question 2: Write down the steps to stop an Oracle database ?
starting up and shutting down of oracle database is a routine and basic operation.
Sometimes Linux administrator or programmer may end-up doing some basic DBA
operations on development database. So, it is important for non-DBAs to understand some
basic database administration activities
Following three methods are available to shutdown the oracle database:
1. Normal Shutdown.
2. Shutdown Immediate.
3. Shutdown Abort.
1. Normal Shutdown
During normal shutdown, before the oracle database is shut down, oracle will wait for all
active users to disconnect their sessions. As the parameter name normal suggest, use this
option to shutdown the database under normal conditions.
SQL> shutdown
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
2. Shutdown Immediate
During immediate shutdown, before the oracle database is shut down, oracle will rollback
active transaction and disconnect all active users. Use this option when there is a problem
with your database and you don’t have enough time to request users to log-off.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
2. Shutdown Abort
During shutdown abort, before the oracle database is shutdown, all user sessions will
be terminated immediately. Uncomitted transactions will not be rolled back. Use this
option only during emergency situations when the “shutdown” and “shutdown
immediate” doesn’t work.
$ sqlplus '/ as sysdba'
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sun Jan 18 11:11:33
2009
Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
Question3:What is the default startup type for an Oracle database ?
1. Login to the system with oracle username
Typical oracle installation will have oracle as username and dba as group. On Linux, do su to
oracle as shown below.
$ su - oracle
2. Connect to oracle sysdba
Make sure ORACLE_SID and ORACLE_HOME are set properly as shown below.
$ env | grep ORA
ORACLE_SID=DEVDB
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0
You can connect using either “/ as sysdba” or an oracle account that has DBA privilege.
$ sqlplus '/ as sysdba'
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sun Jan 18 11:11:28
2009
Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 -
Production
With the Partitioning and Data Mining options
SL>
3. Start Oracle Database
The default SPFILE (server parameter file) is located under $ORACLE_HOME/dbs. Oracle
will use this SPFILE during startup, if you don’t specify PFILE.
Oracle will look for the parameter file in the following order under $ORACLE_HOME/dbs. If
any one of them exist, it will use that particular parameter file.
1. spfile$ORACLE_SID.ora
2. spfile.ora
3. init$ORACLE_SID.ora
Type “startup” at the SQL command prompt to startup the database as shown below.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 812529152 bytes
Fixed Size 2264280 bytes
Variable Size 960781800 bytes
Database Buffers 54654432 bytes
Redo Buffers 3498640 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL
