Plotting with PyPlot
Class- XII
Chapter : 3
(Informatics practices 065)
Content
• What is Data visualization
• What is Matplotlib?
• Using PyPlot of Matplotlib Library
• Creating line chart
1. Create chart
2. Show the labels of the axes
3. Changing marker type, size and color
4. Change the line color and width and style
Data visualization
Data visualization is the graphical representation of
information and data. By using visual elements like
charts, graphs, and maps, data visualization tools
provide an accessible way to see and understand
trends, outliers, and patterns in data.
What is Matplotlib?
Matplotlib is a low level graph plotting library in python that serves
as a visualization utility.
Matplotlib was created by John D. Hunter.
Matplotlib is open source and we can use it freely.
For data visualization in python, the matplotlib library’s pyplot
interface is used.
Installation of Matplotlib
If you have Python and PIP already installed on a
system, then installation of Matplotlib is very easy.
Install it using this command:
syntax-
python –m pip install –U pip
or
python –m pip install –U matplotlib
Importing PyPlot
Once Matplotlib is installed, import it in your applications
by adding the import module statement:
import matplotlib.pyplot
or Alias name
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
Most of the Matplotlib utilities lies under the pyplot submodule, and
are usually imported under the plt alias:
Working with PyPlot methods
The pyplot interface provides many methods for 2D
plotting of data. The matplotlib’s PyPlot interface
lets one plot data in multiple ways such as line
chart, bar chart, histogram etc.
Creating line chart
Line chart using plot() function-> A line chart or line graph is a
type of chart which displays information as a series of data points
called ‘marker, connected by straight line segments.
The PyPlot interface offers plot() function for creating a line graph.
Elements of line chart
markers
Example of line chart
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
output
xpoints = np.array([1,2,3,4])
ypoints = np.array([2,4,6,8])
plt.plot(xpoints, ypoints)
plt.show()
Show the labels of the axes
1. xlabel() is use to display horizontal
label of the plot.
2. ylabel() is use to display vertical
label of the plot.
Show the labels of the axes
Syntax->
<matplotlib.pyplot or its alias>.xlabel(<str>)
<matplotlib.pyplot or its alias>.ylabel(<str>)
output
Example->
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
xpoints =[1,2,3, 4]
ypoints =[2,4,6,8]
plt.plot(xpoints, ypoints)
plt.xlabel("values",fontsize=15)
plt.ylabel("Doubles",fontsize=15)
plt.show()
example
output
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
week=[1,2,3,4]
prices=[40,30,50,45]
plt.plot(week,prices) # ploting line graph
plt.xlabel('week') # set the x-axis labels
plt.ylabel('Onion prices(Rs.)') # set the y-axis
plt.show()
Apply various setting in plot( )function
The plot() allows you specify multiple setting for your graph such as:
marker edgecolor
Marker type
Marker size
Line color
Line width
Line style
Changing marker type, size and color
Marker-> The data points being plotted on a graph/chart are
called markers. To change marker type, its size and color, you can
give following additional optional arguments in plot() function.
Syntax->
Marker=<valid marker type>,markersize=<in points>,markeredgecolor=<valid color>
Example->
plt.plot(x,y, marker=‘*’, markersize=5, markeredgecolor=‘red’)
Base color code of matplotlib->
‘r ‘ Red 'g‘ Green ’b‘ Blue 'c‘ Cyan
‘m‘ Magenta 'y‘ Yellow 'k‘ Black 'w‘ White
Change the line color and width and style
To change line color->
You can specify the color code next to the data being
plotted in plot() function as shown below:
Syntax->
<matplotlib.pyplot>.plot(<data1,[,data2],<color code>)
Example->
plt.plot(x,y,’r’,linewidth=4,linestyle=‘dashed’)
To change the line width->
You can give additional argument in plot() as linewidth=<widthsize>
Change the line style
To change the line style, you can add following
additional optional argument in plot () function.
linestyle or ls =[‘solid’(default)| ‘dashed’ ‘dashdot’
‘dotted’]
Or
linestyle=‘-.’ -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
linestyle=‘.’ …….………………..
linestyle=‘--’ - - - - - - -
linestyle=‘-’
example
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
xpoints = [1,2,3, 4]
ypoints=[2,4,6,8]
plt.plot(xpoints, ypoints,\
marker="*",markersize=15,markeredgecolor="r",\
color='blue',linewidth=2,linestyle="dashed")
plt.xlabel("values",fontsize=15)
plt.ylabel("Doubles",fontsize=15)
plt.show()
Example
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x1 = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])
y1 = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
x2 = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])
y2 = np.array([6, 2, 7, 11])
plt.plot(x1, y1,'r',marker='o',markersize=10)
plt.plot(x2, y2,'c',marker='o',markersize=10)
plt.xlabel('X label')
plt.ylabel('Y label')
plt.show()
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