ltustration 1:

Find the value of

Solution:
Let

4
2X = 2-2
X=-2

lustration 2:
Find the value of log2 32.
Solution:
Let log, 32 =x
2X = 32 =25
x=5.

Ilustration 3:
Find the value of logs (0.04)
Solution:
Let logs (0.04) = x
4
.:.5* = 0,04 =
100 25

.". x=- 2.

llustration 4:
Show that log.|(log, x-log, y).
Solution:

log
 Logarithms ASCENTRIA

ny 3(log, x-log, y)
lustration 5:
If log, 6=2, find the value ofx.
4
Solution:

log,6=2

lustration 6:
Prove that logy x . logx y =1
Solution:
We know that log, b=
log, a
.:. log, x"log, y =loB, X- =|
log, X

Mustration 7:
Given log 34.56 = L5386, find (i)log 3.456 (ii) log 0.3456 and (ii) log 0.003456. Here
log stand for logarithm to the base l0.
Solution:
34.56
(i) log 3.456= log
10
=log 34.56 log 10
= 1.5386-|=0.5386.
34.56
(iü) log 0.3456 = log- 100 = log 34.56-log 100
= 1.5386-2 = 1+0.5386-2 =-1+0.5386= 1.5386
34.56
(iii) log 0.003456 = log
10000
= log 34.56 log 10000
= 1.5386 - 4 =1 +0.5386-4=-3 +0.5386= 3.5386.
Thus is each of the above cases, the mantissa is 0.5386 and only the characteristic varies.
Note : The logarithms of numbers having the same digits only by an integer.
 ASSIGNMENT-1

Evaluate the following without using the tables.

(i) log 64 (ü) logoo, l00

2 Prove that: log(a+b)= log(a+ b)- log a- logb.

3 Iflogjo(* +3) =- log1o2, then prove that x=-2;.
4 Prove that log, 5. log2s 8 is smaller than 2.

5 Prove that the value of logs 4. log4 5. logs 6. Jog, 7. log, 8. logg 9is exactly equal to 2.
6 Prove that log, M. logs N = logh M. log, N.

7 Prove that log 7/6 is smaller than log, 6/5.

8 Prove that log(l + 2 + 3) = log 1+log 2 + log 3.
9. Show that a =çbloge

10. Show that log, N+ logva N=0.

 ASSIGNMENT-II

base 101.
[log stands for logarithm to the
91 39
351
Simplify log + 2log l10 -3 log I 10
539

2 Simplify log12 23. log|12. log23 11.

3 Find the value of x of the equation lo82 log2 log2 X=0.

v27 +log V8 log /125 3

prove that log
4 Without making use of table. log6-log 5

5. Find the value of x if log 125 +log 8 x(log stands for logarithmto base 10).

64
20
6. Evaluate: logP16 loglog
81

7 If log, 243 = x+2, then the value ofx is

8 Evaluate
log, 60 log,60 log, 60
9 Evaluate log, a. logb. loga c.

10.
Find the value of xsatisfying the equation 2x+1 .3 -2 =12.
 COMPETITIVE CORNER

STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE

1. The value of 3* , 4
(A) 9/4 (B) 1/4
(C) 16 (D) 81

log 125
2 = x, then the value of x is
log 25
(A) 5 (B) 3/2
(C) 100 (D) 10

3 IfaX= bY; then

(A) ylog, m=x log, m (B) xlog, m= ylog, m
(C) alog,m=blog, m (D) none of these

4 Given log0 2=a and log,5 =b,then the value of is log, i25
b
(A) (B)
2b 2a

(D) none of these

°g1o2x-5)
5 The equation has =0.5
log1o(x*-s
(A) No solution (B) one solution
(C) two solutions. (D) none of these

6. If log303=c, log305 = d then the value of log308.

(A) 3(1 -c- d) (B) 3(1 +c+d)
(C) 3(1 +c-d) (D) none of these.

7.
7logSlog
15 24 3log 81 is equal to
(A) 0 (B)I
(C) log 2 (D) log 3

8. The value of + t..+ is

log, n log, n log, n
(A) (B)
log, n log, n

|11

Logarithms ASCENTRIA
(C) (D)
log, n log.,(n!)
9 log1o tan l°+log1otan2° + ... + log1o tan89° =
(A) 0 (B) I
(C) 27 (D) 81
10. Iflog1227 =a then logsl6=

(D

MULTIPLE CORRECT ANSWER TYPE

11. If log3 x+log3 y=2 +logg 2and log3 (x +y) =2 then

(A) x = 1 (B) y = 1
(C)x =3 (D) y=6
12. The value of logs log2 logg log, 512 is
(A) 0 (B) logsl
(C) 5 (D) 3.

13. The value of logsa. log.b logac log,d is

(A 0 (B) logabcd
(C) log 1 (D) 1

MATRIX & MATCHING

14. Column I Column II

(A) log 1000 (p) 3/2

is equal to
log 100
(B) log 125 is equal to (q) - 3/2
log 25
(C) log1s 243 is equal to (r) 7/6
(D) logs 128 is equal to (S) -5

15. ColumnI Column II

(A) (p) 2, 3
The solution of the equation 2 lg,* =
64
(B) The solution set of the equation log:(3 - x) + (q) 4
log: (1 - x) = 3 is
(C) (r) -]
The solution of log logs (V+s+vx) =O is
 (D) If gks:(**-4x*5)= x - 1, then x may have values (s)
-9
INTEGER ANSWERS TYPE

16. The value of 32log, 3

17. The value of logz(log2 (log2 (logg 81)).

18. Ifa =log 2 18, b =log2454 then the value of ab +5(a - b) is

19. The value of O8224 log, 192 is

log% 2 log1; 2

20. log.y log,z logx is equal to

COMPREHENSION TYPE
log, mn = log, m + log, n
log, = log,m -logan
log,m = nlog am

21. logio 100

22. log1o 1000

23. log 10000

log 10

24. log 25
log5

ANSWERS & KEY

ASSIGNMENT-I
(i) 12 (ii) -1
ASSIGNMENT-II

2.
3 4
5. 3
6.
 3
8
9. 1
10.
COMPETITIVE CORNER

1. (C)
2, (B)
3. (A)
4. (B)
(B)
6. (A)
7 (C)
8. (A)
9. (A)
10 (C)
11 (C, D)
12 (A, B)
13 (A, C)
14 (A-p), (B-p), (C-s), (D-)
15 (A-s), (B-r), (C-). (D-p)
16 3
17 0
19 2
20.
21 2
22. 3
23 4
24. 2
 HINTS & SOLUTIONS

ASSIGNMENT-I
1. (i) Let logs 64 = x
=64

ie., (22 =2W2 =26

=6 or x = 12.
2
(ii) Let logo01 100 = x

: (0.01)' =100 = 100

i.e. (100) =100"* =100' -x= I orx =- 1.

2
log(a"+b)=loglo-log(a-b)-log (ab)
=log (a+b) - (loga + logb) = log(a + b) - loga - logb
3 log 1o(x +3) =-logjo 2=logjo 2l=log1o (1/2)
2

4. log, 5- log,« 8= O8k .logr8 log, 5 log,2_log, 5 3log, 2 3

log, 2 log, 25 log, 2 log, 5² log, 2 2log, 5
which is <2.
5 log, 4. log 5. log, 6. log,7. log, 8.log, 9
log, 4 log, 5 log, 6 log, 7 log 8 log, 9
log, 3 lo8, 4 log, 5 log, 6 log, 7 log, 8
log, 9_ log, 3 2log2
log, 3 log, 3 log, 3
6. log, M-log, N= o8, Mlog, N
log, a log, b

= log, M- log, N.
log, a
-log, a =log, m- log, N log, b =log, a
76
7
log, (7/6) <log, (6/5) since 65
8 log (1 +2+3)
= log 6 = log (1 x 2 x 3) = log 1+ log2 + log3
 R.H.S. = cbog,
= Cog, =a = L.H.S.
log, N
= log, N+ log, N =log, N+ log, N
log, N
LHS. =log, N+ -=log, N+
log, a - log, a (-)
log, N- log, N=0.
ASSIGNMENT-II
2
351 91 39 351
log+2log-3log,
539 l10 110 log 539

351 (91)
S39 (110) 351 (91)(10) logjo 10 = |,
= log = log
39 539 (110 (39)
l10,
log12 23. log|| 12. log23 ||
Taking logarithmsto base 11
log,, 23 xlog,, 12x logi, l1 log,, 11=1
log, 12 log 23
log2 (log, logT x)= 0
log2(log, x) =20= 1
log2 x=2=2
x=22 =4

4 log V27 +log V&-log Vi25 log(3')?+ log 2P-log s 2

log 6- log S5 log(3x2) -log 5
3

log 3? +log2?- log$?_2 (log 3+ log2-log5) 3

log3+ log 2- log 5 (log3+ log 2-log5) 2
5 log1o 125 +log1o8= x
1.e., log,o 125x8= x
i.e., logo 1000 = x
.:. 10 =1000 = 10
x=3.
64 20
6
log+log-log7
16

15 6420 15 6427
=loB1681) lo6"si200log lI =0
7 Log3 243 =x+2
3x+ 2= 243
|16
8 = log3+ logo 5+ logo 4 = logo (3x5x4) = 1.
log, 60 log, 60 log, 60
9 loge b. loga c= log, b
log, a . loBç b. loga c=1.
10. 2X+133x-2 = 12 =22 x3.
Taking logarithms to base 2
(x + 1) log2 2 + (3x -2) log, 3 =2 log, 2 + log2 3.
1.e., (x+ 1) + (3x-2) log2 3 =2 + log2 3
x(1+3 log23) =1+3 log2 3
x=1.
COMPETITIVE CORNER

7 Tlog =log2.
8 = log,2 + log,3 +.. +log.43
log, n log, n log, n
= log. (2.3 ... 43) = log. (43!) =
9 log1o (tan l°tan2° ...tan89°) =0
10. a= log1227 = log12 (3
=3 log123 = 1 3 3
log, 12 1+log, 4 1+21og, 2
3-a
.. logs2 =
2a
4
then logol6 =
1+log, 3
12. log, log, log, log, 2 = log, log, log, 9
(: log, 2=1) = log, log, 2 = log, l =0
14.
log1o 1000
(A)
log1o 100
LogaM = mloga
log1o 1000_logo10_3logo10
log,o 100 log,, 10 2log,, 10
(B)
log 125 We know that log am = m log a
log 25
(C) log 125 log5 3log 5 3
log 25 log s² 2log5 2
|17

Logarithms ASCENTRIA
We know that log, a = loge a
log. b
.. logya 243 = log, 243 log, 3 5log,3 =-5
log, 1/3 log, 3-! -llog, 3
(D) log64 128
We know that log, a = log, a and log a" = m log a
log b
:. log,128 = log,2_7log;27
log, 2 6log, 2 6
 1O812
log, 12 2+ log, 3
log, 54 1+3log, 3
b= log, 54 =
log, 24 3+ log, 3
putting x= log:3 we have
1+2x 1+ 3x (x²+Sx +6)
ab+ 5(a -b) =| 2+x 3+x (*+2)(x +3)
9 log, 24x log, 96 log, 192x log, 12
=o(log, 2+ log, 12)x(log, 3+ log, 12) -(log, 2* +log, 12)x log, 12
- (1+ log, 12)(3 +log, 12)-(4+log, 12) xlog, 12
Put log, 12 =a= (l+a)(3+a)-(4 +a) xa =03+4a +a²-4a-a²=3.
 Q4: Asurvey shows that 63% of the people in a city read newspaper A whereas 76% read
newspaper B. If x% of the people read both the newspapers, then a pOssible value of x can
be:
(A) 37

(B) 29

(C) 65

((D) 55

Solution:

63

n (B) < n (AU B) < n (U)

’ 76 < 76 + 63-z K 100
-63 < z< -39
’ 63 > > 39

50
Q5: Let i=1
U XË= i=1
U Y =T, where each X contains 10 elements and each Y, contains 5
elements. If each element of the set T is an element of exactly 20 of sets X} 8 and exactly 6
of setsY?s, then nis equal to :
(A) 15

30

(C) 50

(D 45
 Solution:

Number of elements set T = X, = üY

50x10
20
x=n
’n=30

Q6: Let X={nE N:1<n< 50}. IfA ={n ¬ X: nis a multiple of 2) and B= (n E X:
n is a multiple of 7}, then the number of elements in the smallest subset of X containing both
A and B is
29.00

Solution:

A= (x:x is a multiple of 2) = (2,4,6,8,...)

B= (x:x is a multiple of 7) = (7,14,21.,...)
C= {z:1<<50, z ¬N}
Smallest subset of X which contains elements of both A and Bis a set with multiples of 2 or 7 less than or equal to 50.
P=(x:x is a multiple of 2 less than or equal to 50}
Q= (x:x is a multiple of 7 less than or equal to 50)
n(PUQ) = n(P) + n(Q) - n(Pn a)
= 25+7-3
= 29

Q7: Set A has m elements and set B has n elements. If the total number of subsets of A is
112 more than the total number of subsets of B, then the value of m.n is
|28.00

Solution:

A&Bare two sets having m, n elements respectively.

Number of subsets of A = 2m
Number of subsets of B 2n
2 + 112
2m-2= 112
2" (2m-n-1)= 112
2" (2"-- 1) = 2 (21)
n=4 and m-n3
’ m-4 =3

m. n=28

Q8: A survey shows that 73% of the persons working in an office like coffee, whereas 65%
like tea. f x denotes the percentage of them, who like both coffee and tea, then x cannot be:
(A) 63

(B) 54

(C) 38

(D) 36
Solution:

C’Coffee & T’Tea

n (C) = 73, n (T) = 65
73
n(coffee)= 100
n(tea)
n(TnC) =0
n (CuT) =n (C) t n (T) -z< 100
= 73 +65 -z< 100
’ > 38
’ 73 -z > 0 ’ < 73
’ 65-z > 0 : < 65
38 <z < 65
Q10: In a school, there are three types of games to be played. Some of the students play two
types of games, but none play all the three games. Which Venn diagrams can justify the
above statement ?

(A) P and R

None of these

(C) Q and R

(D) P and Q
Q12: Out of all the patients in a hospital 89% are found to be suffering from heart ailment and
98% are suffering from tungs infection. If K% of them are suffering from both ailments, then
K cannot belong to the set:
(A) {80, 83, 86, 89)
(B) {79, 81, 83, 85}
(C) {84, 87, 90, 93)
(D) {84, 86, 88, 90}

Solution:

n(AUB)> n(4)+n(B) - n(AnB)

100 > 89 +98 -n(AUB)
n (AU B) > 87
87 < n(AUB) < 89