Logic and Programming

Block-based Programming
What is Programming Language?
- A programming language is a set of rules used to
write instructions for the computer.

Python JavaScript C#

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Block-based Programming
- Text-based coding is not easy.
- You need to remember the language rules and follow them
precisely.
- Block-based programming allows us to create code that is
both visual (simple) and (powerful).
- The developer just needs to connect visual “building blocks”
in a logical way.

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Block-based Programming with Blockly
- Blockly is an example of Block-based programming.

- A project of Google, it is free and open-source

software
- It typically runs in a web browser.
- To try it:
https://blockly-
demo.appspot.com/static/demos/code/index.html

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Variables
• A variable is a named location in memory that stores a value.
• The value being stored can change while the program is
running.

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X
X

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What are variables used for?
• Variables allow us to create programs based on
information that we know we will have, even if we don't
know what the value will be.

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Programs: Sequence, Selection, and Loops
• All programs are made of the following:

A program

‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت اﻟﺘﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‬

Sequencing Selection ( ‫)اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬
Loops
(iteration)

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1- Sequencing
• Here are some simple statements

Print 3

Print Hello

Print 3 + 5

Print (3*12) + 5

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2- Selection
• Selection is a fancy way of saying "rule" or "condition."

• If it’s cold outside, wear a jacket.

If degree < 20

Wear a jacket

If degree > 30

Put a sunscreen

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2- Selection

If degree < 20

Wear a jacket

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3- Loops
- Loops allow us to repeat code. Whether it's a single
statement or a large block of code with several statements.

- Being able to repeat code in programs easily is extremely

helpful.

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Loops Types
- repeat # times: repeats a set number of times
- repeat while/until: repeats while or until a condition
is true
- count with: repeats from a specified start to end by
a specific amount

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repeat # times

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repeat while/until

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count with

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Example 1
- Write a program to ask the user to enter 2 numbers
and display the largest number.

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Example 2
- Write a program to print the numbers from 1 to 10.

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Example 3
- Write a program to print the sum of the numbers
from 1 to 10.

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Answer the following questions:
- What would the following block print?

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Answer the following questions:
- Which of the following blocks would print 12?

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Answer the following questions:
- Which values of a and b would get 'a' to print given
the block below?

a is 4, b is 3 a is 3, b is 4 a is 4, b is 4 a will never be printed

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Answer the following questions:
- Which values of a and b would get 'b' to print given
the block below?

a is 4, b is 3 a is 3, b is 4 a is 4, b is 4 a will never be printed

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Answer the following questions:
- Given the block below, how many times would 'a'
print?

0 4 5 6

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Answer the following questions:
- Given the block below, how many times would 'a'
print?

0 3 4 5

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Answer the following questions:
- What will be the output of the following program?

- The number is even

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