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Java Basics Arrays Strings Recursion

The document covers the basics of Java programming, including a simple 'Hello, World!' program, the use of arrays, string operations, and recursion. It provides examples demonstrating array declaration and manipulation, string methods, and a recursive function for calculating factorials. Each section includes sample code and expected output to illustrate the concepts effectively.

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5 views3 pages

Java Basics Arrays Strings Recursion

The document covers the basics of Java programming, including a simple 'Hello, World!' program, the use of arrays, string operations, and recursion. It provides examples demonstrating array declaration and manipulation, string methods, and a recursive function for calculating factorials. Each section includes sample code and expected output to illustrate the concepts effectively.

Uploaded by

kfakeid9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Java Basics, Arrays, Strings, and

Recursion
1. Java Basics
Java is an object-oriented programming language that is widely used for building
applications. Here’s a simple Java program:

public class HelloWorld {


public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, World!");
}
}

This program prints 'Hello, World!' to the console.

2. Arrays in Java
An array is a collection of elements of the same type stored in contiguous memory locations.

Example: Declaring and Using an Array

public class ArrayExample {


public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] numbers = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}; // Declare and initialize an array

// Accessing array elements


System.out.println("First element: " + numbers[0]);

// Loop through the array


System.out.println("Array elements:");
for (int num : numbers) {
System.out.println(num);
}
}
}

Output:
First element: 10
Array elements:
10
20
30
40
50

3. Strings in Java
A string is a sequence of characters. Java provides the `String` class to handle strings.

Example: String Operations

public class StringExample {


public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "Hello, Java!";

// String length
System.out.println("Length: " + str.length());

// Convert to uppercase
System.out.println("Uppercase: " + str.toUpperCase());

// Substring
System.out.println("Substring: " + str.substring(7));

// Concatenation
String newStr = str + " Welcome!";
System.out.println("Concatenated String: " + newStr);
}
}

Output:

Length: 12
Uppercase: HELLO, JAVA!
Substring: Java!
Concatenated String: Hello, Java! Welcome!
4. Recursion in Java
Recursion is a technique where a function calls itself to solve a problem.

Example: Factorial using Recursion

public class RecursionExample {


// Recursive function to calculate factorial
public static int factorial(int n) {
if (n == 0) {
return 1; // Base case
}
return n * factorial(n - 1); // Recursive call
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


int num = 5;
System.out.println("Factorial of " + num + " is " + factorial(num));
}
}

Output:

Factorial of 5 is 120

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